The Elaboration Process of Municipal Education Plans in the Greater São Paulo ABC Region

This study analyzed the elaboration process of the Municipal Education Plans (PME) in Greater São Paulo ABC region (Brazil), placing the analysis in a broader framework to understand the influences made by the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) movement and those practiced by the Catholic Church. A case study was used as a methodological approach. Results revealed the loosening in the drawing up of plans, the influence of the Church over the councilmen, inducing them to make alterations in final documents, ratifying the Church’s influence, which is historic in Brazil, and the education weakening regarding prejudice and discrimination, that are recognized demands of the LGBT movement. These results are important in order to provoke the debate in Education Departments and universities.

Keywords:
Municipal Education Plan; Educational Policies; Greater São Paulo ABC

Authorship

Paulo Sérgio Garcia

Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul (USCS), São Caetano do Sul/SP - BrazilUniversidade Municipal de São Caetano do SulBrazilSão Caetano do Sul, SP, BrazilUniversidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul (USCS), São Caetano do Sul/SP - Brazil

Nélio Bizzo

Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo/SP - BrazilUniversidade de São PauloBrazilSão Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo/SP - Brazil

Paulo Sérgio Garcia is a Full Professor of the Education Department at Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul (USCS), teaching at undergraduate and graduate level. Coordinator of the Observatory Project of the Greater São Paulo ABC region. E-mail: paulo.garcia@uscs.edu.br

Nélio Bizzo is a Full Professor of Teaching Methodology of Biological Sciences at the School of Education of Universidade de São Paulo, teaching at undergraduate course and graduate level. Coordinator of the Research Center on Education, Dissemination and Epistemology of Evolution (EDEVO-Darwin) of USP. E-mail: bizzo@usp.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo/SP - BrazilUniversidade de São PauloBrazilSão Paulo, SP, BrazilUniversidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo/SP - Brazil

Tables

Tables (4)

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Table 1:
Demographic Characteristics of Cities

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Table 2:
Schools and Enrollments Data (public and private schools) ‒ 2014

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Table 3:
Data from the Process of Drawing up the Plans

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Table 4:
Data from the Second Phase at Municipal Chambers

Table 1: Demographic Characteristics of Cities

City	Population	Territorial area km2	GDP (millions)	Position of GDP	MHDI 2010	Family Income (R$)	Average years of schooling	Internet access (%)
Santo André	704,942	175,781	17,664,718	33th	0.815	1,499	10	72.7
São Bernardo do Campo	805,895	409,478	36,337,338	14th	0.805	1,394	10	81.7
São Caetano do Sul	156,362	15,33	11,762,744	48th	0.862	2,349	11	73.4
Diadema	406,718	30,796	11,786,624	47th	0.757	917	08	57.2
Mauá	444,136	61,866	7,633,782	79th	0.766	815	09	65.2
Rio Grande da Serra	47,142	36, 341	529,413	816th	0.749	747	09	62.6
Ribeirão Pires	118,871	99,119	1,978,256	287th	0.784	974	09	52.6

Source: Authors’ elaboration by IBGE - 2011.

Table 2: Schools and Enrollments Data (public and private schools) ‒ 2014

Cities	Number of schools	Daycare Enrollments	Preschool Enrollments	Early years Enrollments	Final Years Enrollments	High School Enrollments	EJA Enrollments	Special Education Enrollments
Santo André	420	13,277	15,716	44,083	39,362	33,262	5,870	255
São Bernardo do Campo	383	17,898	20,050	53,485	46,292	39,571	7,485	520
São Caetano do Sul	99	3,685	3,252	9,662	10,050	9,176	947	320
Diadema	178	7,500	10,423	31,236	27,162	20,853	5,733	382
Mauá	181	5,934	10,015	26,929	25,424	20,261	5,075	196
Ribeirão Pires	84	2,552	2,689	7,884	7,121	5,740	1,815	574
Rio Grande da Serra	27	497	1,111	2,444	2,558	1,946	315	98
Total	1,372	51,343	63,256	175,723	157,969	130,809	27,240	2,345

Source: Authors’ elaboration by School Census/INEP 2014.

Table 3: Data from the Process of Drawing up the Plans

	SA	SBC	SCS	Diadema	Mauá	RP	RGS
Creation of commission	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Completion of initial diagnosis	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Completion of preconferences and conferences	Yes	Yes	Only Conferences	Yes	Yes	Yes	Only Conferences
Controversial goals	1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 10 and 18.	4, 18, 20	4, 18, 19, 20	1, 4, 18, 20	15, 16, 17, 18	4, 18, 20	3, 15, 16, 17 and 18.
Budgetary impact analysis	Performed superficially	Did not carry out	Performed superficially	Did not carry out	Performed partially	Did not carry out	Did not carry out
Interference in the PME elaboration	No	No	Yes, Church and members of public management	Yes, Church	No	Yes, Church	No
Groups that acted in the process	Catholic Church/LGBT movement	Catholic Church/LGBT movement	Catholic Church/LGBT movement	Catholic Church/LGBT movement	Catholic Church/LGBT movement	Catholic Church/LGBT movement	Catholic Church/LGBT movement
Social participation	Difficulty in raising society’s awareness	Difficulty in raising society’s awareness	Difficulty in raising society’s awareness	Difficulty in raising society’s awareness	Difficulty in raising society’s awareness	Difficulty in raising society’s awareness	Difficulty in raising society’s awareness
Interlocution with the state education network	No interlocution	Weak interlocution	No interlocution	No interlocution	No interlocution	Average interlocution	Weak interlocution
Remarkable facts	Public petition in social networks	Public petition in social networks	Public petition in social networks	Public petition in social networks, delay in plan implementation	Public petition in social networks	Public petition in social networks, Deputy Secretary’s exoneration	Nothing to declare

Source: authors’ elaboration.

Table 4: Data from the Second Phase at Municipal Chambers

	SA	SBC	SCS	Diadema	Mauá	RP	RGS
Session for the plan approval	Presence of religious and LGBT groups	Presence of religious and LGBT groups	Without the presence of groups	Presence of religious and LGBT groups	Presence of religious and LGBT groups	Presence of religious and LGBT groups	Presence of religious and LGBT groups
Adoption of PME in the City Council	Protests, riots and verbal violence	Protests, riots verbal and physical violence	Without protests	Protests without confrontations	Protests, riots verbal and physical violence	Protests, riots and verbal violence	Protests, riots and verbal violence
Laws of approval of plans	Copied from others	Copied from others	Small changes	Copied from others	Small Changes	Copied from others	Copied from others
Amendments in the Approval Laws of Plans	Prohibits guidelines on diversity and gender	Prohibits guidelines on diversity and gender	Nothing to declare	Prohibits guidelines on diversity and gender	Prohibits guidelines on diversity and gender	Nothing to declare	Nothing to declare
Newspapers that pointed out the PME	Repórter Diário, CitizenGO	Diário do GABC, Repórter Diário, ABCD Maior	Diário do GABC, Diário Regional	Jornal ABC, Repórter Diário	ABCD Maior, Diário do GABC, Diário Regional	ABCD Maior, Folha de Ribeirão Pires	Repórter Diário, ABCD Maior
Final plans	Removed the terms: gender and diversity	Removed the terms: gender and diversity	The terms: gender and diversity were previously removed	Removed the terms: gender and diversity	Removed the terms: gender and diversity	Removed the terms: gender and diversity	Removed the terms: gender and diversity

Source: authors’ elaboration.

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The Elaboration Process of Municipal Education Plans in the Greater São Paulo ABC Region

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[1] Paulo Sérgio Garcia is a Full Professor of the Education Department at Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul (USCS), teaching at undergraduate and graduate level. Coordinator of the Observatory Project of the Greater São Paulo ABC region. E-mail: paulo.garcia@uscs.edu.br