Germination, growth and morpho-anatomical development of <i>Catasetum macrocarpum</i> (Orchidaceae) <i>in vitro</i>

Ferreira, Wagner de Melo; Oliveira, Sidney Pereira de; Suzuki, Rogério Mamoru; Silva, Kellen Lagares Ferreira; Soares Júnior, Jack Wild Pereira

doi:10.1590/2175-7860201869442

Wagner de Melo Ferreira ³3Author for correspondence: wmelouft@yahoo.com

Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais, R. 3 s/n, Jardim dos Ipês, C.P. 111, 77500-000, Porto Nacional, TO, Brasil.

Sidney Pereira de Oliveira

Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais, R. 3 s/n, Jardim dos Ipês, C.P. 111, 77500-000, Porto Nacional, TO, Brasil.

Rogério Mamoru Suzuki

Instituto de Botânica, Seção de Orquidário do Estado, Av. Miguel Stefano 3687, 04301-902, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Kellen Lagares Ferreira Silva

Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais, R. 3 s/n, Jardim dos Ipês, C.P. 111, 77500-000, Porto Nacional, TO, Brasil.

Jack Wild Pereira Soares Júnior

Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Núcleo de Estudos Ambientais, R. 3 s/n, Jardim dos Ipês, C.P. 111, 77500-000, Porto Nacional, TO, Brasil.

3Author for correspondence: wmelouft@yahoo.com

Editor de área: Dr. Diego Demarco

Figures (5)
Tables (2)

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Figure 1
a. Germination percentages of Catasetum macrocarpum seeds on Murashige and Skoog (MS and ½;MS), Knudson (KC), and Vacin and Went (VW) media; b. growth index of Catasetum macrocarpum on Murashige and Skoog (MS and ½;MS), Knudson (KC), and Vacin and Went (VW) media, 90 days after the onset of germination. Bars headed by the same letter are not significantly different according to the Tukey's test at the 5% probability level

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Figure 2
Developmental stages in Catasetum macrocarpum protocorms - a. Stage 1 - swollen, green embryos (protocorm phase); b. Stage 2 - protocorm bearing one leaf. c. Stage 3 - protocorm bearing two leaves. d. Stage 4 - seedling with leaves and one root. (Scale bars = 1 mm)

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Figure 3
a. Protocorm of Catasetum macrocarpum at stage 1, exhibiting a meristematic region with intense cell division; b. early cell differentiation in the upper and lower regions of the protocorm. Rhizoids are easily visible in the upper portion of the figure; c. detail of a rhizoid structure. A parenchymatous region is observed in the center; d. detail of an epidermal scale, where an idioblast containing raphides can be seen; e. detail of a stoma on the epidermis of a C. macrocarpum protocorm; f. starch grains in the cells of a protocorm. Es = epidermal scale; Sam = shoot apical meristem; Pa = parenchyma; Rap = raphide; Rz = rhizoid. Sg = starch grains; Sto = stoma. (Scale bars: 100µm)

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Figure 4
a. Leaves of Catasetum macrocarpum at different developmental stages. A detail can be seen in b, which shows that the leaf growth region is protected by a raphide-containing epidermal scale; c. leaf scale protecting the shoot apical meristem; d. stage 3 protocorm showing a differentiated leaf; e. seedling at an initial stage of development showing a root, leaf primordia and young leaves; f. detail of a root tip exhibiting the meristematic region and root cap; g. transection of a root; h. detail of a root exhibiting the vascular cylinder. Cp = root cap; Es = epidermal scale; St = stele; Yl = young leaf; Pl = phloem; Sam = shoot apical meristem; Pi = pith; Rm = root meristem; Rt = root; Rap = raphide; Vt = vascular tissue; Xy = xylem. (Scale bars: 100µm)

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Figure 5
a. Catasetum macrocarpum plants at the first acclimatization phase (plastic containers 10 cm height × 19 cm width × 29 cm length); b. C. macrocarpum plants in individual pots at the third acclimatization phase (plastic pots 7 cm height × 6 cm basal diameter)

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Table 1
Effects of Murashige & Skoog (MS and ½MS;), Knudson C (KC), and Vacin & Went (VW) media, on the in vitro multiplication and initial growth of Catasetum macrocarpum .

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Table 2
Effects of benzyladenine (BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on the multiplication and growth of Catasetum macrocarpum after 120 days of in vitro culture. NS = number of shoots/explant; SL = longest shoot length; NR = number of roots/explant; RL = longest root length; SDM = shoot dry mass; RDM = root dry mass.

Variables	Culture Media
Variables	MS	½MS	KC	VW
Number of shoots/explant	3.1 ab ^* * Values followed by the same letter (in rows) are not significantly different according to the Tukey's test at 5% probability level.	5.1 a	1.5 bc	1.0 c
Longest shoot length	6.25 a	3.0 b	2.15 b	1.6 b
Number of roots/explant	5.0 a	5.2 a	2.2 b	2.4 b
Longest root length	3.2 a	3.0 ab	2.0 b	1.8 b
Leaf number/explant	13.5 a	16.5 a	2.9 b	2.6 b
Shoot dry mass (g)	0.022 a	0.028 a	0.006 b	0.010 b
Root dry mass (g)	0.006 a	0.007 a	0.002 b	0.007 a

BA/NAA ( mg L^-1 )	NS	SL (cm)	NR	RL (cm)	SDM (g)	RDM (g)
0/0	3.8 a ^* * Values followed by the same letter (in rows) are not significantly different according to the Tukey's test at 5% probability level.	6.3 b	3.8 b	2.2 b	0.034 b	0.008 b
0/0.5	1.9 b	9.9 a	6.1 a	6.1 a	0.059 a	0.018 a
0/1	1.6 b	7.8 ab	3.9 b	3.8 b	0.033 b	0.015 a
0.5/0	3.7 a	3.5 c	1.9 c	0.7 c	0.052 a	0.003 c
0.5/0.5	1.8 b	2.9 d	1.9 c	0.3 d	0.028 b	0.001 c
0.5/1	1.8 b	2.5 d	1.7 c	0.5 c	0.030 b	0.002 c
1/0	4.1 a	4.1 c	0.6 d	0.2 d	0.042 a	0.001 c
1/0.5	2.3 b	4.3 c	0.8 d	0.3 d	0.057 a	0.001 c
1/1	2.7 b	2.0 d	0.3 d	0.2 d	0.033 b	0.001 c

[1] 3Author for correspondence: wmelouft@yahoo.com

Brasil

Brasil

Germination, growth and morpho-anatomical development of Catasetum macrocarpum (Orchidaceae) in vitro

Germinação, crescimento e desenvolvimento morfoanatômico de Catasetum macrocarpum (Orchidaceae) in vitro

Abstract