In vitro study of color stability of polycrystalline and
               monocrystalline ceramic brackets

Oliveira, Cibele Braga de; Maia, Luiz Guilherme Martins; Santos-Pinto, Ary; Gandini Júnior, Luiz Gonzaga

doi:10.1590/2176-9451.19.4.114-121.oar

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Articles • Dental Press J. Orthod. 19 (4) • Jul-Aug 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.19.4.114-121.oar copy

In vitro study of color stability of polycrystalline and monocrystalline ceramic brackets

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this in vitro study was to analyze color stability of monocrystalline and polycrystalline ceramic brackets after immersion in dye solutions.

METHODS:

Seven ceramic brackets of four commercial brands were tested: Two monocrystalline and two polycrystalline. The brackets were immersed in four dye solutions (coffee, red wine, Coke and black tea) and in artificial saliva for the following times: 24 hours, 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively. Color changes were measured by a spectrophotometer. Data were assessed by Multivariate Profile Analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Multiple Comparison Tests of means.

RESULTS:

There was a perceptible change of color in all ceramic brackets immersed in coffee (ΔE* Allure = 7.61, Inspire Ice = 6.09, Radiance = 6.69, Transcend = 7.44), black tea (ΔE* Allure = 6.24, Inspire Ice = 5.21, Radiance = 6.51, Transcend = 6.14) and red wine (ΔE* Allure = 6.49, Inspire Ice = 4.76, Radiance = 5.19, Transcend = 5.64), but no change was noticed in Coke and artificial saliva (ΔE < 3.7).

CONCLUSION:

Ceramic brackets undergo color change when exposed to solutions of coffee, black tea and red wine. However, the same crystalline structure, either monocrystalline or polycrystalline, do not follow the same or a similar pattern in color change, varying according to the bracket fabrication, which shows a lack of standardization in the manufacturing process. Coffee dye produced the most marked color changes after 21 days of immersion for most ceramic brackets evaluated.

Color; Ceramics; Orthodontic brackets

Solution	pH	Brand	Preparation
Coffee	5	Nescafé (Nestlé, Brazil Ltda, Brazil)	Solution prepared with 50 g of instant coffee added to 200 ml of boiling distilled water.
Red wine	3.3	Dry red wine (Canção - Serra Gaúcha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil)	Solution ready for consumption
Black tea	5.2	Black tea sachet (Leão Junior S.A., Brazil)	Solution prepared with one black tea sachet immersed in 200 ml of boiling distilled water
Coke	2.4	Coke (Coca-Cola Co.)	Solution ready for consumption
Artificial saliva	7	Artificial saliva (Farmácia Santa Paula – Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil).	Prepared solution (neutral pH, tasteless and odorless )

Effect	Pillai trace	F test				Power
Effect	Pillai trace	F	df1	df2	p	Power
Time	0.945	1419.643	3	250	<0.001	> 0.999
Time * brand	0.776	29.296	9	756	<0.001	> 0.999
Time * solution	1.441	58.208	12	756	<0.001	> 0.999
Time * brand * solution	0.56	4.816	36	756	<0.001	> 0.999

Time of immersion	ALLURE	INSPIRE ICE	RADIANCE	TRANSCEND	ANOVA
Time of immersion	ΔE* Mean ± SD	ΔE* Mean ± SD	ΔE* Mean ± SD	ΔE* Mean ± SD	F	P
ARTIFICIAL SALIVA
24 hours	1.26^A± 0.20	1.07^AB± 0.13	0.81^B± 0.47	0.29^C± 0.14	16.79	0.000
7 days	1.27A^B± 0.27	1.10^A± 0.32	1.68^B± 0.48	0.41^C± 0.09	19.35	0.000
14 days	1.43^A± 0.29	1.06^A± 0.12	1.37^A± 0.40	0.44^B± 0.17	20.09	0.000
21 days	1.45^A± 0.30	0.46^B± 0.10	1.82^C± 0.30	0.64^B± 0.17	53.58	0.000
COKE
24 hours*	1.40^A± 0.21	2.22^B± 0.10	1.29^A± 0.14	1.65^AB± 0.78	7.01	0.014
7 days	2.43^A± 0.20	2.02^B± 0.21	2.29^AB± 0.13	1.53^C± 0.30	23.03	0.000
14 days	2.50^A± 0.33	2.13^BC± 0.19	2.43^AC± 0.18	1.89^B± 0.13	11.11	0.000
21 days	2.63^A± 0.21	2.02^B± 0.25	2.48^A± 0.18	1.89^B± 0.18	20.61	0.000
COFFEE
24 hours	2.28 ± 0.27	2.44 ± 0.18	2.16 ± 0.34	2.47 ± 0.24	2.14	0.126
7 days	5.16^A± 0.48	3.57^B± 0.34	5.33^A± 0.30	5.05^A± 0.23	37.75	0.000
14 days	5.47^A± 0.32	4.97^B± 0.37	5.91^A± 0.34	5.94^A± 0.22	14.44	0.000
21 days	7.61^A± 0.44	6.09^B± 0.38	6.69^C± 0.42	7.44^A± 0.31	22.59	0.000
BLACK TEA
24 hours	0.99^A± 0.24	1.74^B± 0.22	1.27^A± 0.25	1.19^A± 0.15	14.84	0.000
7 days	3.23^A± 0.34	2.17^B± 0.20	3.51^A± 0.24	3.15^A± 0.13	41.09	0.000
14 days	4.77^A± 0.23	4.29^B± 0.28	5.44^C± 0.24	4.73^A± 0.30	22.72	0.000
21 days	6.24^A± 0.39	5.21^B± 0.38	6.51^A± 0.20	6.14^A± 0.39	18.42	0.000
RED WINE
24 hours*	3.07^A± 0.51	3.62^A± 0.27	1.83^B± 0.27	2.04^B± 0.14	47.30	0.000
7 days	5.21^A± 0.44	3.63^B± 0.39	4.24^C± 0.43	3.50^B± 0.24	28.84	0.000
14 days	5.76^A ± 0.33	4.53^B± 0.57	5.26^AC± 0.21	4.91^BC± 0.29	13.67	0.000
21 days	6.49^A± 0.47	4.76^B± 0.69	5.19^BC± 0.31	5.64^C± 0.33	16.94	0.000

Time of immersion	ARTIFICIAL SALIVA	COKE	COFFEE	BLACK TEA	RED WINE	ANOVA
Time of immersion	ΔE * Mean ± SD	ΔE * Mean ± SD	ΔE * Mean ± SD	ΔE * Mean ± SD	ΔE * Mean ±SD	F	P
ALLURE
24 hours	1.26^A± 0.2	1.4^A± 0.21	2.28^B± 0.27	0.99^A± 0.24	3.07^B± 0.51	53.53	0.000
7 days	1.27^A± 0.27	2.43^B± 0.2	5.16^C± 0.48	3.23^D± 0.34	5.21^C± 0.44	158.86	0.000
14 days*	1.43^A± 0.29	2.5^B± 0.33	5.47^C± 0.32	4.77^D± 0.23	5.76^C± 0.33	280.48	0.000
21 days	1.45^A± 0.3	2.63^B± 0.21	7.61^C± 0.44	6.24^D± 0.39	6.49^D± 0.47	359.29	0.000
INSPIRE ICE
24 hours	1.07^A± 0.13	2.22^B± 0.1	2.44^B± 0.18	1.74^C± 0.22	3.62^D± 0.27	173.66	0.000
7 days*	1.1^A± 0.32	2.02^B± 0.21	3.57^C± 0.34	2.17^B± 0.2	3.63^C± 0.39	90.93	0.000
14 days*	1.06^A± 0.12	2.13^B± 0.19	4.97^C± 0.37	4.29^D± 0.28	4.53^CD± 0.57	173.26	0.000
21 days	0.46 ^A± 0.1	2.02B ± 0.25	6.09^C± 0.38	5.21^D± 0.38	4.76^D± 0.69	233.33	0.000
RADIANCE
24 hours	0.81^A± 0.47	1.29^BCD± 0.14	2.16^B± 0.34	1.27^C± 0.25	1.83^D± 0.27	33.9	0.000
7 days	1.68^A± 0.48	2.29^B± 0.13	5.33^C± 0.3	3.51^D± 0.24	4.24^E± 0.43	497.23	0.000
14 days	1.37^A± 0.4	2.43^B± 0.18	5.91^C± 0.34	5.44^D± 0.24	5.26^D± 0.21	706.24	0.000
21 days*	1.82^A± 0.3	2.48^B± 0.18	6.69^C± 0.42	6.51^D± 0.2	5.19^E± 0.31	713.58	0.000
TRANSCEND
24 hours	0.29^A± 0.14	1.65^A± 0.78	2.47^B± 0.24	1.19^A± 0.15	2.04^B± 0.14	19.64	0.000
7 days*	0.41^A± 0.09	1.53^B± 0.3	5.05^C± 0.23	3.15^D± 0.13	3.5^E± 0.24	131.54	0.000
14 days	0.44^A± 0.17	1.89^B± 0.13	5.94^C± 0.22	4.73^D± 0.3	4.91^D± 0.29	358.04	0.000
21 days	0.64^A± 0.17	1.89^B± 0.18	7.44^C± 0.31	6.14^C± 0.39	5.64^D± 0.33	415.68	0.000

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[1] Contact address: Cibele Braga de Oliveira Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Departamento de Ortodontia Rua Humaitá, 1680 - Araraquara/SP - Brazil CEP: 14.801-385 - E-mail: cibeleodonto@yahoo.com.br