No |
Author |
Year |
Sample |
Age |
Gender |
Country |
Region |
Race |
Population |
1 |
Massler and Frankel66 Massler M, Frankel JM. Prevalence of malocclusion in children aged 14 to 18 years. Am J Orthod 1951;37(10):751-68.
|
1951 |
2758 |
14-18 |
M=1238, F=1520 |
America |
America |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
2 |
Goose et al.77 Goose DH, Thompson, D.G., and Winter, F.C. Malocclusion in School Children of the West Midlands. Brit Dent J. 1957;102:174-8.
|
1957 |
2956 |
7-15 |
Not mentioned |
Britain |
Europe |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
3 |
Mills88 Mills LF. Epidemiologic studies of occlusion. IV. The prevalence of malocclusion in a population of 1,455 school children. J Dent Res. 1966;45:332-6.
|
1966 |
1455 |
8-17 |
M=719, F=736 |
America |
America |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
4 |
Grewe et al.99 Grewe JM, Cervenka J, Shapiro BL, Witkop CJ Jr. Prevalence of malocclusion in Chippewa Indian children. J Dent Res. 1968 Mar-Apr;47(2):302-5.
|
1968 |
651 |
9-14 |
M=322, F=329 |
America |
America |
Caucasian |
Community |
5 |
Helm1010 Helm S. Malocclusion in Danish children with adolescent dentition: an epidemiologic study. Am J Orthod. 1968 May;54(5):352-66.
|
1968 |
1700 |
6-18 |
M=742, F=958 |
Denmark |
Europe |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
6 |
Thilander and Myrberg1111 Thilander B, Myrberg N. The prevalence of malocclusion in Swedish schoolchildren. Scand J Dent Res. 1973;81(1):12-21.
|
1973 |
6398 |
7-13 |
M=3093, F=3305 |
Sweden |
Europe |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
7 |
Foster and Day1212 Foster TD, Day AJ. A survey of malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment in a Shropshire school population. Br J Orthod. 1974 Apr;1(3):73-8.
|
1974 |
1000 |
12 |
Not mentioned |
Britain |
Europe |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
8 |
Ingervall et al.1313 Ingervall B, Mohlin B, Thilander B. Prevalence and awareness of malocclusion in Swedish men. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1978 Nov;6(6):308-14.
|
1978 |
389 |
21-54 |
M=389, F=0 |
Sweden |
Europe |
Caucasian |
Military service |
9 |
Helm and Prydso1414 Helm S, Prydso U. Prevalence of malocclusion in medieval and modern Danes contrasted. Scand J Dent Res. 1979 Apr;87(2):91-7.
|
1979 |
1536 |
14-18 |
Not mentioned |
Denmark |
Europe |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
10 |
Lee et al.1515 Lee KS CK, Ko JH, Koo CH. Occlusal variations in the posterior and anterior segments of the teeth. Korean J Orthod. 1980;10:70-9.
|
1980 |
2092 |
17-21 |
M=1281, F=811 |
Korea |
Asia |
Mongoloids |
Community |
11 |
Gardiner1616 Gardiner JH. An orthodontic survey of Libyan schoolchildren. Br J Orthod. 1982 Jan;9(1):59-61.
|
1982 |
479 |
10-12 |
Not mentioned |
Libya |
Africa |
Caucasian |
Community |
12 |
De Muňiz1717 Muniz BR. Epidemiology of malocclusion in Argentine children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1986 Aug;14(4):221-4.
|
1986 |
1554 |
12-13 |
M=655, F=899 |
Argentine |
America |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
13 |
Kerosuo et al.1818 Kerosuo H, Laine T, Kerosuo E, Ngassapa D, Honkala E. Occlusion among a group of Tanzanian urban schoolchildren. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1988 Oct;16(5):306-9.
|
1988 |
642 |
11-18 |
M=340, F=302 |
Tanzania |
Africa |
Africans |
Schoolchildren |
14 |
Woon et al.1919 Woon KC, Thong YL, Abdul Kadir R. Permanent dentition occlusion in Chinese, Indian and Malay groups in Malaysia. Aust Orthod J. 1989 Mar;11(1):45-8.
|
1989 |
347 |
15-19 |
Not mentioned |
China |
Asia |
Mongoloids |
Community |
15 |
Al-Emran et al.2020 al-Emran S, Wisth PJ, Boe OE. Prevalence of malocclusion and need for orthodontic treatment in Saudi Arabia. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1990 Oct;18(5):253-5.
|
1990 |
500 |
14 |
M=500, F=0 |
Saudia |
Asia |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
16 |
El-Mangoury and Mostafa2121 El-Mangoury NH, Mostafa YA. Epidemiologic panorama of dental occlusion. Angle Orthod. 1990 Fall;60(3):207-14.
|
1990 |
501 |
18-24 |
M=231, F=270 |
Egypt |
Africa |
Caucasian |
Community |
17 |
Lew et al.2222 Lew KK, Foong WC, Loh E. Malocclusion prevalence in an ethnic Chinese population. Aust Dent J. 1993 Dec;38(6):442-9.
|
1993 |
1050 |
12-14 |
Not mentioned |
China |
Asia |
Mongoloids |
Schoolchildren |
18 |
Tang2323 Tang EL. The prevalence of malocclusion amongst Hong Kong male dental students. Br J Orthod. 1994 Feb;21(1):57-63.
|
1994 |
201 |
20 |
Not mentioned |
China |
Asia |
Mongoloids |
Community |
19 |
Harrison and Davis2424 Harrison RL, Davis DW. Dental malocclusion in native children of British Columbia, Canada. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1996 June;24(3):217-21.
|
1996 |
1438 |
7-15 |
Not mentioned |
Canada |
America |
Caucasian |
Community |
20 |
Ng’ang’a et al.2525 Ng'ang'a PM, Ohito F, Ogaard B, Valderhaug J. The prevalence of malocclusion in 13- to 15-year-old children in Nairobi, Kenya. Acta Odontol Scand. 1996 Apr;54(2):126-30.
|
1996 |
919 |
7-15 |
M=468, F=451 |
Kenya |
Africa |
Africans |
Community |
21 |
Ben-Bassat et al.2626 Ben-Bassat Y, Harari D, Brin I. Occlusal traits in a group of school children in an isolated society in Jerusalem. Br J Orthod. 1997 Aug;24(3):229-35.
|
1997 |
939 |
6-13 |
M=442, F=497 |
Israel |
Asia |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
22 |
Proffit et al.2727 Proffit WR, Fields HW Jr, Moray LJ. Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in the United States: estimates from the NHANES III survey. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1998;13(2):97-106.
|
1998 |
14000 |
8-50 |
Not mentioned |
America |
America |
Caucasian |
Community |
23 |
Dacosta2828 Dacosta OO. The prevalence of malocclusion among a population of northern Nigeria school children. West Afr J Med. 1999 Apr-June;18(2):91-6.
|
1999 |
1028 |
11-18 |
M= 484, F=544 |
Nigeria |
Africa |
Africans |
Community |
24 |
Saleh2929 Saleh FK. Prevalence of malocclusion in a sample of Lebanese schoolchildren: an epidemiological study. East Mediterr Health J. 1999 Mar;5(2):337-43.
|
1999 |
851 |
9-15 |
M=446, F=405 |
Lebanon |
Asia |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
25 |
Esa et al.3030 Esa R, Razak IA, Allister JH. Epidemiology of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need of 12-13-year-old Malaysian schoolchildren. Community Dent Health. 2001 Mar;18(1):31-6.
|
2001 |
1519 |
12-13 |
M=772, F=747 |
Malaysia |
Asia |
Mongoloids |
Schoolchildren |
26 |
Thilander et al.3131 Thilander B, Pena L, Infante C, Parada SS, de Mayorga C. Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in children and adolescents in Bogota, Colombia. An epidemiological study related to different stages of dental development. Eur J Orthod. 2001 Apr;23(2):153-67.
|
2001 |
4724 |
5-17 |
M=2371, F=2353 |
Colombia |
America |
Caucasian |
Heath center |
27 |
Freitas et al.3232 Freitas MR, Freitas DS, Pinherio FH, Freitas KMS. Prevalência das más oclusöes em pacientes inscritos para tratamento ortodôntico na Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru-USP. Rev Fac Odontol. 2002;10(3):164-9.
|
2002 |
520 |
11-15 |
M=250, F=270 |
Brazil |
America |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
28 |
Bataringaya3333 Bataringaya A. Survey of occlusal trait in an adolescent population in Uganda. Cabo: University of the Western Cape; 2004.
|
2004 |
402 |
14 |
M=141, F=261 |
Uganda |
Africa |
Africans |
Schoolchildren |
29 |
Onyeaso3434 Onyeaso CO. Prevalence of malocclusion among adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004 Nov;126(5):604-7.
|
2004 |
636 |
12-17 |
M=334, F=302 |
Nigeria |
Africa |
Africans |
Schoolchildren |
30 |
Tausche et al.3535 Tausche E, Luck O, Harzer W. Prevalence of malocclusions in the early mixed dentition and orthodontic treatment need. Eur J Orthod. 2004 June;26(3):237-44.
|
2004 |
197 |
6-8 |
M=970, F=1005 |
Germany |
Europe |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
31 |
Abu Alhaija et al.3636 Abu Alhaija ES, Al-Khateeb SN, Al-Nimri KS. Prevalence of malocclusion in 13-15 year-old North Jordanian school children. Community Dent Health. 2005 Dec;22(4):266-71.
|
2005 |
1003 |
13-15 |
M=619, F=384 |
Jordan |
Asia |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
32 |
Ali and Abdo3737 Ali AH AM. Prevalence of Malocclusion in a Sample of Yemeni Schoolchildren: an epidemiological study. Abstracts Yemeni Health Med Res. 2005;44:44.
|
2005 |
1000 |
7-12 |
M=501, F=499 |
Yemen |
Asia |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
33 |
Behbehani et al.3838 Behbehani F, Artun J, Al-Jame B, Kerosuo H. Prevalence and severity of malocclusion in adolescent Kuwaitis. Med Princ Pract. 2005 Nov-Dec;14(6):390-5.
|
2005 |
1299 |
13-14 |
M=674, F=625 |
Kuwait |
Asia |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
34 |
Ciuffolo et al.3939 Ciuffolo F, Manzoli L, D'Attilio M, Tecco S, Muratore F, Festa F, et al. Prevalence and distribution by gender of occlusal characteristics in a sample of Italian secondary school students: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Orthod. 2005 Dec;27(6):601-6.
|
2005 |
810 |
11-14 |
M=434, F=376 |
Italy |
Europe |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
35 |
Karaiskos4040 Karaiskos N, Wiltshire WA, Odlum O, Brothwell D, Hassard TH. Preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatment needs of an inner-city group of 6- and 9-year-old Canadian children. J Can Dent Assoc. 2005 Oct;71(9):649.
|
2005 |
395 |
9 |
Not mentioned |
Canada |
America |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
36 |
Ahangar Atashi4141 Ahangar Atashi MH. Prevalence of Malocclusion in 13-15 Year-old Adolescents in Tabriz. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2007 Spring;1(1):13-8.
|
2007 |
398 |
13-15 |
Not mentioned |
Iran |
Asia |
Caucasian |
Community |
37 |
Gelgör et al.4242 Gelgor IE, Karaman AI, Ercan E. Prevalence of malocclusion among adolescents in central anatolia. Eur J Dent. 2007 July;1(3):125-31.
|
2007 |
810 |
11-14 |
M=1125, F=1204 |
Turkey |
Europe |
Caucasian |
Health center |
38 |
Jonsson et al.4343 Jonsson T, Arnlaugsson S, Karlsson KO, Ragnarsson B, Arnarson EO, Magnusson TE. Orthodontic treatment experience and prevalence of malocclusion traits in an Icelandic adult population. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007 Jan;131(1):8.e11-8.
|
2007 |
829 |
31-44 |
M=342, F=487 |
Iceland |
Europe |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
39 |
Josefsson et al.4444 Josefsson E, Bjerklin K, Lindsten R. Malocclusion frequency in Swedish and immigrant adolescents--influence of origin on orthodontic treatment need. Eur J Orthod. 2007 Feb;29(1):79-87.
|
2007 |
493 |
12-13 |
Not mentioned |
Sweden |
Europe |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
40 |
Ajayi4545 Ajayi EO. Prevalence of Malocclusion among School children in Benin City, Nigeria. J Biomed Res. 2008;7(1-2):58-65.
|
2008 |
441 |
11-18 |
M=229, F=212 |
Nigeria |
Africa |
Africans |
Schoolchildren |
41 |
Mtaya4646 Mtaya M, Astrom AN, Brudvik P. Malocclusion, psycho-social impacts and treatment need: a cross-sectional study of Tanzanian primary school-children. BMC Oral Health. 2008 May 6;8:14.
|
2008 |
1601 |
12-14 |
M=632, F=969 |
Tanzania |
Africa |
Africans |
Schoolchildren |
42 |
Borzabadi-Farahani et al.4747 Borzabadi-Farahani A, Borzabadi-Farahani A, Eslamipour F. Malocclusion and occlusal traits in an urban Iranian population. An epidemiological study of 11- to 14-year-old children. Eur J Orthod. 2009 Oct;31(5):477-84.
|
2009 |
502 |
11-14 |
M=249, F=253 |
Iran |
Asia |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
43 |
Daniel et al.4848 Daniel IB PF, Rogerio G. Prevalência de más oclusões em crianças de 9 a 12 anos de idade da cidade de Nova Friburgo (Rio de Janeiro). Rev Dental Press Ortod Ortop Facial. 2009;14(6):118-24.
|
2009 |
407 |
9-12 |
M= 191, F=216 |
Brazil |
America |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
44 |
Šidlauskas and Lopatienė4949 Sidlauskas A, Lopatiene K. The prevalence of malocclusion among 7-15-year-old Lithuanian schoolchildren. Medicina (Kaunas). 2009;45(2):147-52.
|
2009 |
1681 |
7-15 |
M=672, F=1009 |
Lithuania |
Europe |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
45 |
Alhammadi5050 Alhammadi M. The prevalence of malocclusion in a group of Yemeni adult population: an epidemiologic study [thesis]. Cairo: Cairo University; 2010.
|
2010 |
1000 |
18-25 |
M=500, F=1000 |
Yemen |
Asia |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
46 |
Bhardwaj et al.5151 Bhardwaj VK, Veeresha KL, Sharma KR. Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 16 and 17 year-old school-going children in Shimla city, Himachal Pradesh. Indian J Dent Res. 2011 July-Aug;22(4):556-60.
|
2011 |
622 |
16-17 |
M= 365, F=257 |
India |
Asia |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
47 |
Nainani and Relan5252 Nainani JT, Relan S. Prevalence of Malocclusion in School Children of Nagpur Rural Region - An Epidemiological Study. J Dental Assoc. 2011;5:865-7.
|
2011 |
436 |
12-15 |
M= 224, F=212 |
India |
Asia |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
48 |
Bugaighis et al.5353 Bugaighis I. Prevalence of malocclusion in urban libyan preschool children. J Orthod Sci. 2013 Apr;2(2):50-4.
|
2013 |
343 |
12-17 |
M=169, F=174 |
Libya |
Africa |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
49 |
Kaur et al.5454 Kaur H, Pavithra US, Abraham R. Prevalence of malocclusion among adolescents in South Indian population. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2013 July;3(2):97-102.
|
2013 |
2400 |
13-17 |
M=1192, F=1208 |
India |
Asia |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
50 |
Reddy et al.5555 Reddy ER, Manjula M, Sreelakshmi N, Rani ST, Aduri R, Patil BD. Prevalence of Malocclusion among 6 to 10 Year old Nalgonda School Children. J Int Oral Health. 2013 Dec;5(6):49-54.
|
2013 |
2135 |
6-10 |
M=1009, F=1126 |
India |
Asia |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
51 |
Bilgic F et al.5656 Bilgic F, Gelgor IE, Celebi AA. Malocclusion prevalence and orthodontic treatment need in central Anatolian adolescents compared to European and other nations' adolescents. Dental Press J Orthod. 2015 Nov-Dec;20(6):75-81.
|
2015 |
2329 |
12.5-16.2 |
M=1125, F=1204 |
Turkey |
Europe |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
52 |
Gupta et al.5757 Gupta DK, Singh SP, Utreja A, Verma S. Prevalence of malocclusion and assessment of treatment needs in beta-thalassemia major children. Prog Orthod. 2016;17:7.
|
2016 |
500 |
12-17 |
M=1125, F=1204 |
India |
Asia |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |
53 |
Narayanan et al.5858 Narayanan RK, Jeseem MT, Kumar TA. Prevalence of Malocclusion among 10-12-year-old Schoolchildren in Kozhikode District, Kerala: An Epidemiological Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2016 Jan-Mar;9(1):50-5.
|
2016 |
2366 |
10-12 |
M=1281, F=1085 |
India |
Asia |
Caucasian |
Schoolchildren |