Litterfall and Nutrient Dynamics in a Mature Atlantic Rainforest in Brazil

Sloboda, Bárbara; Marques, Renato; Bianchin, Jonas; Blum, Hilbert; Donha, Cristine; Silveira, Fabiana; Capretz, Robson

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.033916

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Original Article • Floresta Ambient. 24 • 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.033916 copy

Litterfall and Nutrient Dynamics in a Mature Atlantic Rainforest in Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

We assessed litterfall and nutrient cycling in an old-growth Atlantic rainforest in southern Brazil. Plant litter collected monthly was separated into: leaves, twigs, reproductive organs, and fragments, and dried, weighed, and ground. Determination of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium contents of different litter fractions was also performed. The total deposition was 8.44 Mg^-1 ha^-1 year^-1, with a higher proportion of leaves fraction. Litterfall predominated in spring and summer, coinciding with the highest average temperature and rainfall in the study area. For leaves, twigs and fragments, the elements sequence of concentration was C>N>Ca>K>Mg>P>Na; whereas for reproductive organs it was C>N>K>Ca>Mg>P>Na. A higher concentration of nutrients was observed in spring and summer for the leaves fraction. The quantitative transfer of nutrients by litterfall fractions to the forest soil followed the same sequence observed for the concentration of nutrients.

Keywords:
biogeochemistry; Dense Ombrophilous Forest; nutrient deposition; litterfall

MF-1			MF-2			MF-3
Species	NI ^* * NI = number of individuals per hectare;	IV ^ IV = Importance Value (%). The data herein calculated (NI and IV) refer to the vegetation survey, where only individuals with diameter at breast height (DBH) greater than 10 cm were sampled.	Species	NI	IV	Species	NI	IV
Virola bicuhyba	43	5.9	Eugenia multicostata	15	7.8	Vochysia bifalcata	28	6.6
Psychotria nuda	141	5.4	Ocotea catharinensis	64	5.6	Hyeronima alchorneoides	94	6.2
Sloanea guianensis	74	5.3	Myrceugenia myrcioides	119	5.5	Sloanea guianensis	114	6.0
Mollinedia schottiana	80	3.9	Psychotria nuda	132	5.4	Myrceugenia myrcioides	93	5.0
Myrceugenia myrcioides	75	3.8	Brosimum lactescens	53	4.4	Euterpe edulis	112	4.7
Marlierea obscura	61	3.5	Euterpe edulis	58	2.9	Psychotria nuda	113	4.1
Brosimum lactescens	55	3.5	Alchornea sp.	35	2.9	Cupania oblongifolia	79	4.0
Guapira opposita	69	3.2	Sloanea guianensis	27	2.4	Pera glabrata	63	3.8
Euterpe edulis	64	3.0	Virola bicuhyba	27	2.4	Virola bicuhyba	27	3.3
Coussarea contracta	57	2.6	Mollinedia schotiana	41	2.1	Zollernia sp.	64	3.0
Other species	807	59.9	Other species	934	60.7	Other species	884	53.3
Total	1526	100	Total	1464	100	Total	1671	100
Number of species		146	Number of species		132	Number of species		114
Total basal area (m² ha^-1)		35.3	Total basal area (m² ha^-1)		52.9	Total basal area (m² ha^-1)		34.9
Shannon Diversity Index (H’)		4.06	Shannon Diversity Index (H’)		4.14	Shannon Diversity Index (H’)		3.87
Pielou Equability Index (J)		0.82	Equability Pielou Index (J)		0.85	Equability Pielou Index (J)		0.82

Fraction	Spring		Summer		Autumn		Winter		Total Annual Litterfall
	Litterfall	CV ^* * CV = coefficient of variation.	Litterfall	CV	Litterfall	CV	Litterfall	CV	Total Annual Litterfall
	(kg ha^-1)	(%)	(kg ha^-1)	(%)	(kg ha^-1)	(%)	(kg ha^-1)	(%)	kg ha^-1 yr^-1
Leaves	2467.7 Aa	16.1	1666.3 Aba	27.0	850.6 Ba	32.7	1165.6 Aba	68.6	6150.21 a
Twigs	252.6 Ab	6.7	342.2 Ab	7.8	158.6 Ab	52.3	226.1 Ab	55.2	979.47 b
Reproductive Organs	50.1 Ac	56.1	96.5 Ac	49.0	45.8 Ab	77.9	45.2 Ac	42.3	237.55 c
Fragments	333.4 Ab	15.6	390.0 Ab	5.1	136.5 Bb	31.2	209.0 ABb	58.5	1068.96 b
Total by season	3103.96 A	-	2495.05 AB	-	1191.30 B	-	1645.89 AB	-	8436.20

Fraction	C	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	Na
Fraction	................................ g kg^-1 ..........................
Leaves	455.7 a	19.0 a	1.16 a	2.18 a	3.83 a	1.69 a	0.51 a
Twigs	447.5 a	16.5 a	0.63 a	1.94 a	3.05 a	1.51 a	0.58 a
Reproductive Organs	471.1 a	19.1 a	1.03 a	4.04 a	2.59 a	1.53 a	0.53 a
Fragments	450.4 a	19.4a	0.91 a	2.18 a	3.77 a	1.73 a	0.44 a

Fractions	Seasons	C	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	Na
Fractions	Seasons	................................ g kg^-1 ..........................
Leaves	Spring	441.7 a	20.3 a	1.0 a	2.9 a	4.3 a	2.1 a	0.8 a
	Summer	469.8 a	18.9 a	1.2 a	1.7 b	4.1 a	1.7 a	0.3 b
	Autumn	458.4 ab	17.2 a	1.1 a	1.8 b	3.7 a	1.5 a	0.5 ab
	Winter	453.0 ab	19.7 a	1.3 a	2.4 ab	3.3 a	1.5 a	0.6 ab
Twigs	Spring	429.0 a	14.6 a	0.5 a	2.2 a	2.8 a	1.5 a	0.6 a
	Summer	457.4 a	19.5 a	0.7 a	1.7 a	3.3 a	1.7 a	0.4 a
	Autumn	449.6 a	16.2 a	0.5 a	1.8 a	3.3 a	1.4 a	0.8 a
	Winter	454.2 a	15.7 a	0.8 a	2.1 a	3.6 a	1.5 a	0.5 a
Reproductive Organs	Spring	474.4 a	17.7 a	1.2 a	4.3 a	2.3 a	1.8 a	0.6 a
	Summer	485.8 a	19.5 a	1.0 a	4.2 a	2.5 a	1.1 a	0.5 a
	Autumn	466.8 a	19.9 a	0.9 a	3.8 a	3.0 a	1.7 a	0.7 a
	Winter	457.4 a	19.3 a	1.1 a	3.9 a	2.6 a	1.6 a	0.4 a
Fragments	Spring	462.3 a	25.1 a	1.0 a	2.3 a	4.4 a	1.8 a	0.5 a
	Summer	445.4 a	18.8 a	1 .0 a	2.2 a	3.8 a	1.7 a	0.4 a
	Autumn	453.6 a	19.0 a	0.7 a	2.1 a	3.8 a	1.9 a	0.4 a
	Winter	440.3 a	19.6 a	1.0 a	2.2 a	3.1 a	1.5 a	0.5 a

Fraction	Litterfall (Mg ha^-1 yr^-1)	C	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	Na
Fraction	Litterfall (Mg ha^-1 yr^-1)	....................kg ha^-1 year^-1....................
Leaves	6.15	2785.5 a	121.48 a	6.50 a	14.17 a	24.02 a	11.49 a	3.17 a
Twigs	0.98	438.6 b	16.68 b	0.65 b	1.85 b	3.36 b	1.66 b	0.51 b
Reproductive Organs	0.24	112.5 c	4.48 c	0.24 b	0.90 c	0.71 c	0.41 b	0.13 c
Fragments	1.07	482.9 b	21.72 b	1.00 b	2.32 b	4.17 b	1.91 ab	0.47 b
Total Annual (this study)	8.44	3819.2	164.36	8.40	19.24	32.26	15.47	4.28
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[1] *Renato Marques Laboratório de Biogeoquímica, Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Cabral, CEP 80035-050, Curitiba, PR, Brazil e-mail: rmarques1961@gmail.com