Structural and Floristic Variations in an Atlantic Subtropical Rainforest in Southern Brazil

Maçaneiro, João Paulo de; Liebsch, Dieter; Gasper, André Luís de; Galvão, Franklin; Schorn, Lauri Amândio

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.160101

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Original Article, Conservation of Nature • Floresta Ambient. 26 (1) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.160101 copy

Structural and Floristic Variations in an Atlantic Subtropical Rainforest in Southern Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The Atlantic Subtropical Rainforest covers a huge area of Santa Catarina state, starting on the coast and going through the Serra Geral. Along its distribution, the vegetation changes according to altitude, geomorphology, and soil. In the attempt to evaluate vegetation variations related to different soil types in an Atlantic Forest remnant, 43 plots of 200 m² were sampled. All the individuals with DBH ≥ 5.0 cm were measured. We have found consistent floristic and structural variations, which separated sample plots with Litholic Neosol and Rogosol situated in slopes from those with Yellow-Red Ultisol and Haplic Cambisol, as well as plots with Fluvic Neosol from Haplic Gleisol in plateaus. Species richness increased according to water availability and soil depth, with the plateaus’ soils being the richest. Each area was characterized by a range of indicator species and the results indicated that soil attributes are important drivers of vegetation variation.

Keywords:
floristic groups; soil; phytosociology

Soil type / Species		n	DA	DR	FA	FR	DoA	DoR	VI
Litholic Neosol and Regosols
	Ocotea puberula	31	193.8	12.6	100.0	6.4	5.78	19.7	38.7
	Mollinedia clavigera	13	81.3	5.3	37.5	2.4	3.38	11.5	19.2
	Cyathea phalerata	18	112.5	7.3	37.5	2.4	1.57	5.3	15.0
	Laplacea fructicosa	5	31.3	2.0	50.0	3.2	2.19	7.5	12.7
	Myrsine umbellata	12	75.0	4.9	75.0	4.8	0.46	1.6	11.2
	Ocotea pulchra	15	93.8	6.1	37.5	2.4	0.59	2.0	10.5
	Tibouchina pilosa	13	81.3	5.3	37.5	2.4	0.68	2.3	10.0
	Ilex microdonta	7	43.8	2.8	50.0	3.2	0.76	2.6	8.6
	Guatteria australis	7	43.8	2.8	62.5	4.0	0.43	1.5	8.3
	Ilex dumosa	6	37.5	2.4	50.0	3.2	0.67	2.3	7.9
	Other species	203	1,268.8	82.2	1,425.0	91.2	20.2	68.8	242.2
	Total	247	1,543.8	100.0	1,562.5	100.0	29.33	100.0	300.0
Yellow-Red Ultisol and Haplic Cambisol
	Cyathea phalerata	216	490.9	19.7	81.8	4.4	4.79	9.2	33.3
	Alsophila setosa	195	443.2	17.8	95.5	5.1	4.39	8.4	31.4
	Alchornea triplinervia	40	90.9	3.6	68.2	3.7	4.30	8.3	15.6
	Cryptocarya mandioccana	21	47.7	1.9	40.9	2.2	3.27	6.3	10.4
	Guatteria australis	28	63.6	2.6	54.5	2.9	1.07	2.1	7.5
	Cedrela fissilis	12	27.3	1.1	27.3	1.5	1.69	3.3	5.8
	Piptocarpha axillaris	18	40.9	1.6	27.3	1.5	1.24	2.4	5.5
	Bathysa australis	27	61.4	2.5	27.3	1.5	0.80	1.5	5.5
	Vernonanthura discolor	10	22.7	0.9	27.3	1.5	1.59	3.1	5.4
	Cabralea canjerana	17	38.6	1.6	40.9	2.2	0.77	1.5	5.2
	Other species	512	1,163.6	46.7	1,372.7	73.7	28.1	54.0	174.3
	Total	1,096	2,490.9	100.0	1,863.6	100.0	51.97	100.0	300.0
Fluvic Neosol and Haplic Gleisol
	Dicksonia sellowiana	42	161.5	8.5	84.6	3.9	6.02	14.1	26.4
	Ocotea elegans	12	46.2	2.4	61.5	2.8	4.77	11.1	16.4
	Cedrela fissilis	13	50.0	2.6	61.5	2.8	2.38	5.6	11.0
	Ilex paraguariensis	17	65.4	3.4	61.5	2.8	0.95	2.2	8.5
	Syagrus romanzoffiana	9	34.6	1.8	30.8	1.4	1.80	4.2	7.4
	Lafoensia vandelliana	3	11.5	0.6	23.1	1.1	2.34	5.5	7.1
	Dalbergia frutescens	19	73.1	3.8	30.8	1.4	0.69	1.6	6.9
	Sapium glandulosum	9	34.6	1.8	38.5	1.8	1.13	2.6	6.2
	Alsophila setosa	15	57.7	3.0	38.5	1.8	0.60	1.4	6.2
	Vitex megapotamica	9	34.6	1.8	53.8	2.5	0.76	1.8	6.1
	Other species	348	1,338.5	70.2	1,684.6	77.7	21.3	49.9	197.7
	Total	496	1,907.7	100.0	2,169.2	100.0	42.77	100.0	300.0

Soil type / Indicator species		IVI (%)	p
Litholic Neosol and Regosols
	Ocotea puberula	88.3	<0.001
	Podocarpus sellowii	53.5	<0.01
	Agarista eucalyptoides	53.5	<0.01
	Persea alba	53.5	<0.01
	Ilex theezans	51.7	<0.01
	Myrsine umbellata	50.1	0.01
	Tibouchina pilosa	46.5	0.02
	Laplacea fructicosa	46.9	0.02
	Siphoneugena reitzii	42.6	0.03
	Myrcia pulchra	42.6	0.03
Yellow-Red Ultisol and Haplic Cambisol
	Alsophila setosa	67.6	<0.001
	Aspidosperma australe	48.7	<0.01
	Alchornea triplinervia	48.4	0.01
	Cyathea phalerata	45.7	0.01
	Cryptocarya mandioccana	45.6	0.02
	Bathysa australis	44.7	0.03
	Cabralea canjerana	37.0	0.05
Fluvic Neosol and Haplic Gleisol
	Ilex paraguariensis	65.5	<0.001
	Dicksonia sellowiana	61.8	<0.001
	Sapium glandulosum	54.2	<0.01
	Ocotea elegans	49.9	<0.01
	Senna multijuga	47.8	<0.01
	Syagrus romanzoffiana	47.8	<0.01
	Dalbergia frutescens	47.8	<0.01
	Vitex megapotamica	53.4	<0.01
	Myrceugenia venosa	46.7	<0.01
	Eugenia burkartiana	46.7	0.01
	Cedrela fissilis	41.4	0.02
	Inga vera affinis	40.8	0.03
	Muellera campestris	40.8	0.03
	Jacaranda puberula	40.8	0.03
	Lafoensia vandelliana	40.8	0.03
	Myrciaria tenella	40.8	0.03
	Sloanea lasiocoma	40.8	0.03

Structural parameter	Litholic Neosol	Yellow-Red Ultisol	Fluvic Neosol	F	p
	Regosols	Haplic Cambisol	Haplic Gleisol
	n = 8	n = 22	n = 13
Average DBH (cm)	12.12^a	13.64^a	13.88^a	2.21	0.12
Maximum DBH (cm)	30.28^a	46.73^b	44.60^b	3.86	0.03
DBH variance	49.00^a	81.60^a	85.29^a	1.50	0.23
Average height (m)	6.3^a	6.3^a	6.8^a	1.81	0.18
Maximum height (m)	12.2^a	16.6^a	13.2^a	1.16	0.32
Minimum height (m)	3.0^a	2.1^b	2.4^b	9.09	<0.01
Height variance	6.4^a	13.6^a	7.4^a	1.63	0.21
Basal area (m² ha^-1)	29.33^a	51.97^b	42.77^c	38.13	<0.01
Density of trees (ind ha^-1)	1,543.8^a	2,490.9^b	1,907.7^c	23.87	<0.01
Density of steems (ind ha^-1)	48^a	67^a	41^a	1.06	0.36

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[1] João Paulo de MaçaneiroDepartamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR, Avenida Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 900, Jardim Botânico, CEP 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brasil e-mail: jpmacaneiro@hotmail.com