Efficiency of Vegetable Oils in Wood Resistance to <i>Cryptotermes brevis</i> Termites

Sousa, Sara Freitas de; Paes, Juarez Benigno; Arantes, Marina Donaria Chaves; Lopes Junior, Dercilio Verly; Nicácio, Marcos Alves

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.078017

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Original Article, Wood Science and Technology • Floresta Ambient. 26 (2) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.078017 copy

Efficiency of Vegetable Oils in Wood Resistance to Cryptotermes brevis Termites

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Natural products have been studied in order to ensure environmental sustainability, human health, and diminish the use of traditional products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of pure andiroba (Carapa guianensis), copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii) and jatropha (Jatropha curcas) oils and enriched with iodine (I₂) on the biological resistance of Pinus elliottii wood to dry-wood termites (Cryptotermes brevis). The oils were enriched with 1%, 3%, and 5% of I₂ and impregnated into the wood by cold immersion. The treated samples were subjected to volatilization and leaching. Volatilization and leaching did not affect the loss of mass caused by termites, except for treatments with pure and enriched with 1% iodine copaiba oil. Leached samples were more damaged. The addition of iodine to the oils resulted in a greater efficiency against termites. Andiroba (3% and 5% I₂) and jatropha oils (5%) were the most efficient, providing total termite mortality.

Keywords:
wood durability; biological testing; dry-wood termites

Treatment	Discrimination
1	Control (untreated wood samples)
2	Pure andiroba oil
3	Andiroba oil + 1% iodine
4	Andiroba oil + 3% iodine
5	Andiroba oil + 5% iodine
6	Pure copaiba oil
7	Copaiba oil + 1% iodine
8	Copaiba oil + 3% iodine
9	Copaiba oil + 5% iodine
10	Pure jatropha oil
11	Jatropha oil + 1% iodine
12	Jatropha oil + 3% iodine
13	Jatropha oil + 5% iodine

Treatment	Situation/Mass Loss (%)
Treatment	1 - Normal	2 - Volatilized		3 - Leached
1 - Control	10.98 aA	12.17 aA	11.82 aA
2 - Pure andiroba oil	5.66 bA	6.51 bA	7.05 bA
3 - Andiroba oil + 1% I₂	5.83 bA	5.86 bA	6.74 bA
4 - Andiroba oil + 3% I₂	6.23 bA	6.23 bA	6.30 bA
5 - Andiroba oil + 5% I₂	7.05 bA	6.25 bA	6.66 bA
6 - Pure copaiba oil	4.08 cC	6.09 bB	7.86 bA
7 - Copaiba oil + 1% I₂	5.39 bB	7.07 bA	6.84 bA
8 - Copaiba oil + 3% I₂	6.74 bA	6.92 bA	6.82 bA
9 - Copaiba oil + 5% I₂	6.58 bA	7.60 bA	6.89 bA
10 - Pure jatropha oil	4.04 cA	4.94 cA	5.33 cA
11 - Jatropha oil + 1% I₂	4.69 cA	4.42 cA	5.12 cA
12 - Jatropha oil + 3% I₂	5.39 bA	4.62 cA	4.91 cA
13 - Jatropha oil + 5% I₂	5.39 bA	5.05 cA	5.89 cA

Treatment	Damage (Score)	Classification
1 - Control	2.45 a	Moderate to considerable damage
2 - Pure andiroba oil	0.33 c	None to superficial damage
3 - Andiroba oil + 1% I₂	0.25 c	None to superficial damage
4 - Andiroba oil + 3% I₂	0.31 c	None to superficial damage
5 - Andiroba oil + 5% I₂	0.52 c	None to superficial damage
6 - Pure copaiba oil	1.66 a	Superficial to moderate damage
7 - Copaiba oil + 1% I₂	1.18 b	Superficial to moderate damage
8 - Copaiba oil + 3% I₂	1.06 b	Superficial to moderate damage
9 - Copaiba oil + 5% I₂	1.27 b	Superficial to moderate damage
10 - Pure jatropha oil	1.22 b	Superficial to moderate damage
11 - Jatropha oil + 1% I₂	0.70 c	None to superficial damage
12 - Jatropha oil + 3% I₂	1.12 b	Superficial to moderate damage
13 - Jatropha oil + 5% I₂	0.89 b	None to superficial damage

Situation	Damage (Score)
3 - Leached	1.19 a
2 - Volatilized	1.05 a
1 - Normal	0.75 b

Treatment	Situation/Mortality (%)
Treatment	1 - Normal	2 - Volatilized	3 - Leached
1 - Control	73.75 dA	55.00 cB	42.50 dB
2 - Pure andiroba oil	93.75 bA	96.00 aA	95.00 aA
3 - Andiroba oil + 1% I₂	98.75 aA	91.25 aA	96.25 aA
4 - Andiroba oil + 3% I₂	100.00 aA	92.50 aB	95.00 aB
5 - Andiroba oil + 5% I₂	100.00 aA	95.00 aA	97.50 aA
6 - Pure copaiba oil	50.00 eB	78.75 bA	58.75 dB
7 - Copaiba oil + 1% I₂	72.50 dA	63.75 cA	60.00 dA
8 - Copaiba oil + 3% I₂	71.25 dB	95.00 aA	76.25 cB
9 - Copaiba oil + 5% I₂	87.50 cA	83.75 bA	83.75 bA
10 - Pure jatropha oil	85.00 cA	45.00 cB	60.00 dB
11 - Jatropha oil + 1% I₂	88.75 cA	90.00 aA	82.50 bA
12 - Jatropha oil + 3% I₂	95.00 bA	80.00 aA	93.75 aA
13 - Jatropha oil + 5% I₂	100.00 aA	76.25 bB	93.75 aA

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[1] Juarez Benigno PaesUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo – UFES, Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, Centro, CEP 29550-000, Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brasil e-mail: jbp2@uol.com.br