Vegetation Recovery of Logged-over Dipterocarp Forests In Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Pamoengkas, Prijanto; Zamzam, Ayi; Dwisutono, Aji

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.123917

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Original Article, Conservation of Nature • Floresta Ambient. 26 (3) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.123917 copy

Vegetation Recovery of Logged-over Dipterocarp Forests In Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Forest utilization usually has an impact on changes in forest structure and species composition. The species of trees selected and ecosystem management system that refer to biodiversity characteristics will be explained by better knowledge of Functional Species Group (FSG). The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of vegetation recovery based on FSG in production forest managed with silvicultural system known as Selective Cutting and Line Planting System (SCLP) and undisturbed forest known as Germplasm Preservation Areas (GPCA) in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The results showed that the proportion of climax group in the entire observation plots was greater than pioneer species group, i.e. climax 100 species and pioneer 59 species. Stand structure both climax and pioneer species group has inverse J shape curve. It means that the species composition of logged-over forest is still in balance condition, characterized with high index of diversity (H' > 3).

Keywords:
functional species group; selective cutting; species composition; stand structure; biodiversity

Characteristic	Pioneer	Climax
Synonyms Presence Site plasticity Seeds Dispersal of seeds Viability of seeds Dormancy of seeds Germination of seeds Growth behavior Final tree height Wood density Development	Light-demander, Shade-intolerant Early secondary forest High Small, produced in high numbers annually Very wide Long Very often, orthodox In full light, open area Fast growing during the immature phase, Early culmination of the current annual increment < 20 m Low Early beginning of the maturity phase, Short longevity (< 50 years)	Shade-bearer, Shade-tolerant Primary forest Low Large, produced in low numbers not annually Narrow Short Seldom, recalcitrant In shade, below canopy Slow growing during the immature phase, Late culmination of the current annual increment > 30 m Variable to high Late beginning of the maturity phase, Long longevity (> 100 years)

Area	Density (N/ha)		Total	Species contribution (%)
Area	Pioneer	Climax	Total	Pioneer	Climax
GPCA	148.75	182.50	331.25	44.91	55.09
LOA 9 years	45.00	137.50	182.50	24.66	75.34
LOA 7 years	52.50	137.50	190.00	27.63	72.37
LOA 5 years	28.75	155.00	183.75	15.65	84.35
LOA 3 years	46.25	126.25	172.50	26.81	73.19
LOA 1 years	51.25	105.00	156.25	32.80	67.20

Area	Density (N/ha)		Total	Species contribution (%)
Area	Pioneer	Climax	Total	Pioneer	Climax
GPCA	225	325	550	40.91	59.09
LOA 9 years	200	200	400	50.00	50.00
LOA 7 years	140	305	445	31.46	68.54
LOA 5 years	60	165	225	26.67	73.33
LOA 3 years	130	275	405	32.10	67.90
LOA 1 years	95	85	180	52.78	47.22

Area	Density (N/ha)		Total	Species contribution (%)
Area	Pioneer	Climax	Total	Pioneer	Climax
GPCA	17750	22875	40625	43.69	56.31
LOA 9 years	12375	22250	34625	35.74	64.26
LOA 7 years	11875	17625	29500	40.25	59.75
LOA 5 years	4625	23125	27750	16.67	83.33
LOA 3 years	15750	20875	36625	43.00	57.00
LOA 1 years	13750	17625	31375	43.82	56.18

Area	Density (N/ha)		Total	Species contribution (%)
Area	Pioneer	Climax	Total	Pioneer	Climax
GPCA	1360	1460	2820	48.23	51.77
LOA 9 years	2940	2880	5820	50.52	49.48
LOA 7 years	2380	3160	5540	42.96	57.04
LOA 5 years	2060	2360	4420	46.61	53.39
LOA 3 years	2720	2200	4920	55.28	44.72
LOA 1 years	1500	1520	3020	49.67	50.33

Strata	Index of Diversity (H')
Strata	GPCA	LoA 9 years	LoA 7 years	LoA 5 years	LoA 3 years	LoA 1 years
Seedlings	3.5	3.2	3.7	3.1	3.2	3.4
Saplings	3.8	3.3	4.1	3.5	3.7	3.6
Poles	3.8	3.2	3.5	3.0	3.5	3.0
Trees	4.0	3.5	3.7	3.4	3.4	3.3

Species	Group	IVI
Species	Group	GPCA	LoA 9 years	LoA 7 years	LoA 5 years	LoA 3 years	LoA 1 years
Castanopsis costata	C	-	-	22.3^a a Dominant species;	22.8^b b Co-dominant species.	-	-
Cephalomappa mallotocarpa	P	-	-	-	-	-	23.9^b
Dacryodes rugosa	P	-	-	-	-	-	22.7
Dipterocarpus caudiferus.	C	-	-	-	-	17.2	-
Hopea dryobalanoides	C	-	16.8	-	-	-	-
Koompassia malaccensis	C	-	-	-	-	-	15.3
Pternandra caerulescens	P	-	-	16.0	-	-	-
Scorodocorpus borneensis	C	-	-	-	-	-	19.0
Shorea laevis	C	-	36.0^a	-	16.7	22.5^b	-
Shorea parvifolia	C	18.4^a	-	18.2^b	34.3^a	40.4^a	43.1^a
Shorea smithiana	C	-	17.4^b	-	-	-	-
Symplocos cochinchinensis	P	-	-	-	-	-	-
Syzygium borneense	C	-	-	-	19.4	16.7	21.2

Species		Important Value Index
Species		GPCA	LoA 9 years	LoA 7 years	LoA 5 years	LoA 3 years	LoA 1 years
Antidesma coriaceum	P	15.2^b b Co-dominant species.	-	-	-	-	-
Aporosa sphaeridophora	P	-	-	-	-	-	28.3^a a Dominant species;
Castanopsis costata	C	-	-	18.3	-	-	-
Chisocheton sp	P	-	16.6	-	-	-	-
Dacryodes rugosa	P	-	19.0	-	-	-	25.3^b
Dehaasia caesia	P	-	-	-	-	-	24.6
Diospyros rostrate	C	-	-	-	18.8	-	-
Hopea dryobalanoides	C	-	23.4^b	-	23.8	-	16.0
Ilex accuminata	C	-	-	-	-	15.3	-
Litsea machilifolia	C	-	-	-	-	21.3^b	-
Macaranga gigantea	P	-	-	22.2^a	-	-	-
Macaranga hypoleuca	P	-	40.2^a	-	-	-	-
Paranephelium xestophyllum	C	16.3^a	-	-	-	-	-
Polyalthia xanthopetala	P	-	-	-	15.9	-	-
Pternandra caerulescens	P	-	-	-	-	-	16.8
Scorodocorpus borneensis	C	-	-	-	-	-	16.6
Shorea macrophylla	C	-	-	-	15.4	-	-
Shorea parvifolia	C	-	-	-	-	-	20.1
Shorea pauciflora	C	-	-	16.5	-	-	-
Shorea smithiana	C	-	19.8	-	-	-	-
Strombosia ceylanica	C	-	-	-	15.0	-	-
Symplocos cochinchinensis	P	-	-	-	30.6^b	-	17.0
Syzygium borneense	C	-	-	-	48.6^a	27.9^a	25.1
Syzygium sp	C	-	-	21.4^b)	-	-	-

Species	Group	Important Value Index
Species	Group	GPCA	LoA 9 years	LoA 7 years	LoA 5 years	LoA 3 years	LoA 1 years
Antidesma coriaceum	P	-	12.7	-	-	-	-
Chisocheton sp	P	-	21.0^a a Dominant species;	-	-	-	-
Diospyros rostrata	C	-	-	-	13.8	-	-
Gluta wallichii	C	-	18.5^b b Co-dominant species.	-	-	-	-
Hopea dryobalanoides	C	-	14.8	-	-	-	-
Coompassia malaccensis	C	-	-	-	10.0	-	-
Madhuca erythrophylla	C	-	-	-	-	-	13.0
Memecylon edule	P	-	-	-	-	-	13.6^b
Pternandra caerulescens	P	-	-	11.7^b	-	16.2^b	-
Shorea acuminatissima	C	20.1^a	-	-	-	-	-
Shorea laevis	C	-	14.2	-	-	-	-
Shorea parvifolia	C	10.5^b	-	-	-	10.5	20.4^a
Shorea pauciflora	C	-	-	-	17.8^b	-	-
Shorea smithiana	C	-	-	-	-	11.5	-
Syzygium borneense	C	-	-	-	13.7	26.2^a	-
Trigonostemon sp	P	-	-	14.8^a	-	-	-
Vatica nitens	C	-	-	-	23.2^a	-	-

Species	Group	Important Value Index
Species	Group	GPCA	LoA 9 years	LoA 7 years	LoA 5 years	LoA 3 years	LoA 1 year
Antidesma coriaceum	P	-	12.3	10.4	12.0	-	11.2
Gluta wallichii	C	-	13.3^b b Co-dominant species.	-	-	-	-
Hydnocarpus kunstleri	C	-	-	11.7^a a Dominant species;	-	-	-
Macaranga hypoleuca	P	-	-	-	15.8^a	-	-
Madhuca erythrophylla	C	-	-	-	-	-	11.9^b
Paracroton pendulus	P	-	-	-	-	10.1^a	-
Polyalthia anthopetala	P	-	-	-	12.4^b	-	-
Shorea laevis	C	-	13.1	-	10.8	-	-
Shorea parvifolia	C	-	-	-	-	-	14.5^a
Symplocos cochinchinensis	P	-	25.6^a	-	-	-

Instituto de Florestas da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Rodovia BR 465 Km 7, CEP 23897-000, Tel.: (21) 2682 0558 | (21) 3787-4033 - Seropédica - RJ - Brazil
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[1] Prijanto PamoengkasDepartment of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University – IPB, Campus IPB, Km, P.O Box 168, 16680, Darmaga, Bogor, Indonesia e-mail: prijantop@yahoo.com; ppam@apps.ipb.ac.id