Thermal Requirements and Photoperiod Influence in the Leaf Development of Two Forest Species

Freitas, Cleverson Henrique de; Martins, Fabrina Bolzan

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.001319

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Original Article, Silviculture • Floresta Ambient. 26 (4) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.001319 copy

Thermal Requirements and Photoperiod Influence in the Leaf Development of Two Forest Species

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of thermal time methods and to identify the phyllochron and photoperiod response in seedlings of two forest species: Corymbia citriodora and Eucalyptus urophylla. A field experiment was installed under a completely randomized design, in a 2 × 11 factorial scheme, with two forest species and eleven sowing dates (E). Phyllochron is influenced by thermal time methods. The best thermal time method is the one that considers the base and optimum temperature and compares them with daily extreme temperatures. In addition, the influence of photoperiod and air temperature on phyllochron values was also verified. The lowest value occurred in E1 (Corymbia citriodora: 24.6 and Eucalyptus urophylla: 13.2 °C day leaf^-1) and the highest in E10 (Corymbia citriodora: 46.4 °C day leaf^-1) and E7 (Eucalyptus urophylla: 29.2 °C day leaf^-1), suggesting that the phyllochron is influenced by sowing dates.

Keywords:
Corymbia citriodora; Eucalyptus urophylla; phyllochron; degree days; daylength

Sowing Dates (month/day/year)		Corymbia citriodora						Eucalyptus urophylla
		Temperature ^* * Values obtained by arithmetic means of the average temperature (Tmed), maximum and minimum air temperature, adapted from Freitas et al. (2017). - when there was loss of all EU. (°C)			Photoperiod (h)			Temperature* (°C)			Photoperiod (h)
		Med	Max	Min	Med	Max	Min	Med	Max	Min	Med	Max	Min
E1	04/04/2014	17.1	20.2	13.9	11.7	12.2	11.6	17.1	20.2	13.9	11.7	12.2	11.6
E2	05/05/2014	18.5	26.5	13.9	12.3	13.7	11.6	18.4	26.5	13.9	12.2	13.6	11.6
E3	06/02/2014	18.8	26.5	14.0	12.4	13.6	11.6	18.8	26.5	14.0	12.4	13.6	11.6
E4	07/02/2014	20.2	26.5	14.0	12.8	13.9	11.9	20.4	26.5	14.0	12.9	14.0	11.9
E5	08/19/2014	22.3	26.5	15.6	13.8	14.4	12.6	22.2	26.5	15.6	13.7	14.4	12.6
E6	09/16/2014	22.7	26.5	15.6	14.0	14.4	13.1	22.7	26.5	15.6	14.0	14.4	13.2
E7	10/15/2014	23.4	27.3	19.1	14.1	14.4	13.7	23.4	27.3	19.4	14.1	14.4	13.7
E8	11/18/2014	23.6	27.3	19.1	14.1	14.4	13.5	23.6	27.3	19.1	14.1	14.4	13.5
E9	12/18/2014	23.2	27.3	19.1	13.7	14.3	12.9	23.2	27.3	19.1	13.7	14.3	12.8
E10	01/21/2015	20.9	26.1	15.2	12.6	13.8	11.6	--	--	--	--	--	--
E11	02/20/2015	20.0	24.7	15.3	12.3	13.4	11.6	20.3	24.7	15.3	12.4	13.4	11.6

Sowing Dates Month/day/year		Corymbia citriodora		Eucalyptus urophylla
Sowing Dates Month/day/year		Seedling emergence Month/day/year	Duration of the seedling phase (days) ^* * Period from emergence- when 50% of seedlings were visible above the ground until the seedling phase- when each EU reached, on average, 20 leaves accumulated in the main stem - when there was loss of all EU. Adapted from Freitas et al. (2017).	Seedling emergence Month/day/year	Duration of the seedling phase (days)*
E1	04/04/2014	04/22/2014	97	04/22/2014	97
E2	05/05/2014	05/15/2014	166	05/15/2014	159
E3	06/02/2014	06/26/2014	117	06/26/2014	117
E4	07/02/2014	07/30/2014	97	07/30/2014	104
E5	08/19/2014	09/07/2014	122	09/07/2014	124
E6	16/09/2014	09/30/2014	99	10/02/2014	99
E7	10/15/2014	10/29/2014	105	10/29/2014	114
E8	11/18/2014	12/03/2014	79	11/30/2014	79
E9	12/18/2014	12/28/2014	89	12/28/2014	89
E10	21/01/2015	02/05/2015	116	--	--
E11	02/20/2015	02/27/2015	105	02/27/2015	94

Species	Thermal time methods
Species	Method 1	Method 2	Method 3	Method 4	Method 5	Method 6
C. citriodora	66.69 ± 15.76	67.16 ± 15.88	43.67 ± 12.28	38.73 ± 9.01	35.70 ± 12.64	35.85 ± 12.86
E. urophylla	47.38 ± 11.15	48.65 ± 11.33	25.22 ± 7.49	23.39 ± 5.47	21.44 ± 7.93	23.08 ± 10.45
Average	57.04 ± 13.46	57.91 ± 13.61	34.45 ± 9.89	31.06 ± 7.24	28.57 ± 10.29	29.47 ± 11.66

Sowing Dates	Corymbia citriodora ^* * Means followed by equal letters do not differ by the Scott-Knott's test at 5% probability; - all experimental units were lost in sowing date E10.	Eucalyptus urophylla*
E1	24.65a	13.17a
E2	46.96c	28.46d
E3	31.47b	26.61d
E4	31.65b	21.22c
E5	55.44c	26.99d
E6	41.40c	29.02d
E7	39.80c	29.20d
E8	33.27b	21.99c
E9	34.31b	25.18d
E10	46.39d	-
E11	35.90b	18.69b
Average	38.17	24.16

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[1] Fabrina Bolzan MartinsInstituto de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Itajubá – UNIFEI, Av. BPS 1303, bloco M3, sala M3218, CEP 37500-903, Itajubá, MG, Brasil e-mail: fabrinabm@gmail.com