Microbial Properties of Soil in Different Coverages in the Colombian Amazon

Cruz, Lised Guaca; Bastidas, Amara Tatiana Contreras; Suárez, Leonardo Rodríguez; Salazar, Juan Carlos Suárez

doi:10.1590/2179-8087.105117

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Original Article, Silviculture • Floresta Ambient. 26 (4) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.105117 copy

Microbial Properties of Soil in Different Coverages in the Colombian Amazon

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Changes in coverage affect the activity of soil’s microbial communities, affecting the carbon and nitrogen cycle. The variability of biochemical properties in different coverages (native forest, forest plantation, silvopastoral system and pasture) located in the northwest of the Colombian Amazon was evaluated. Edaphic properties were determined as: organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) using the fumigation method. A significant effect was found to land use × depth interaction for the variables moisture, pH, CO and MBC/OC ratio (p < 0.05), while MBC and dCO2 showed differences only for land use and NT, MBN and MBN/TN ratio at depth (p < 0.05). In general, when modifying the soil cover, changes were made in the chemical properties that affected the microbial activity.

Keywords:
fumigation; CO2 emissions; multivariate analysis; structural equations modeling

Coverage	Definition
Native forest	Conservation area with low human intervention, diversified vegetation coverage and in different states of natural succession.
Forest plantation	Area in recovery process, with vegetal cover of pasture in natural regeneration and 2-year-old timber trees (Cariniana pyriformis, Cedrella odorata).
Silvopastoral system	Area dedicated to bovine livestock farming, with diversified plant cover, divided into three strata: high timber tree stratum (Gmelina arborea), middle stratum species for browsing (Tithonia diversifolia) and stratum under the grass.
Pasture	Area dedicated to bovine livestock farming, with vegetal cover in monoculture of grasses.

Variable	Native forest						Forest plantation						Silvopastoral system						Pasture						p-value
	0-10			10-20.			0-10			10-20.			0-10			10-20.			0-10			10-20.			p-value
	Average		SE	Average		SE.	Average		SE	Average		SE	Average		SE	Average		SE	Average		SE	Average		SE	Coverage	Depth	Cob*Prof
SM (%)	54.62	±	2.51	47.73	±	0.91	56.99	±	2.66	45.61	±	2.17	39.39	±	1.92	34.69	±	0.94	41.8	±	1.67	34.57	±	1.15	<0.0001	<0.0001
pH	4.54	±	0.15	4.49	±	0.12	4.5	±	0.07	4.64	±	0.09	4.33	±	0.06	4.56	±	0.06	4.36	±	0.06	4.64	±	0.06	0.0107	0.0146
OC (%)	2.9	±	0.15	2.01	±	0.13	3.54	±	0.2	2.1	±	0.11	3.55	±	0.11	1.88	±	0.08	3.37	±	0.11	1.8	±	0.06	0.0491	<0.0001
TN (%)	0.74	±	0.01	0.58	±	0.06	0.72	±	0.03	0.67	±	0.03	0.69	±	0.03	0.69	±	0.01	0.73	±	0.02	0.7	±	0.01		<0.0001
MBC (mg/kg)	765.2	±	120.8	654	±	103	1002.5	±	286.9	1729.8	±	391.6	2376.9	±	566.9	2252	±	440	1707.1	±	311.3	1734.6	±	371.1	0.0191
MBN (mg/kg)	39.18	±	9.22	28.46	±	4.3	34.45	±	6.81	26.27	±	4.04	42.55	±	6.34	27.77	±	8.88	56.77	±	8.03	22.51	±	2.64		0.0077
dCO₂ (g CO₂ m^-2 s^-1)	0.6	±	0.16	0.66	±	0.3	1.27	±	0.3	1.12	±	0.31	0.85	±	0.16	0.35	±	0.09	0.65	±	0.11	0.58	±	0.13	0.0085
C/N	3.95	±	0.23	5.54	±	1.84	5.37	±	0.58	3.71	±	0.66	6.24	±	0.74	2.78	±	0.16	4.93	±	0.35	2.57	±	0.08		0.001	0.0044
MBC/MBN	34.57	±	8.36	34.48	±	9.17	68.64	±	21.49	114.31	±	28.61	199.38	±	99.27	205.3	±	59.02	93.91	±	28.97	83.03	±		20.1
MBC/OC	270.5	±	43.34	345	±	62.1	281.94	±	74.35	777.06	±	140.2	769.5	±	198.1	1522	±	355.6	565.42	±	107.8	1108.8	±	267.5	0.0351	0.0343
MBN/N	54.79	±	13.57	56.73	±	11.2	55.27	±	13.01	41.42	±	6.35	62	±	8.23	41.2	±	12.63	78.53	±	10.42	31.77	±	3.5		0.0251

Variables	SM		pH		OC		TN		MBC		MBN		dCO₂	C/N		MBC/MBN		MBC/OC	MBN/N
SM	1
pH	0.01		1
OC	0.39	^<0.0001	-0.16	^0.013	1
TN	0.16	^0.0102	0.04		0.13	^0.037	1
MBC	-0.07		-0.2	^0.002	-0.07		-0.04		1
MBN	0.12		0.02		0.29	^<0.0001	0.18	^0.0043	-0.02		1
dCO₂	0.33	^<0.0001	-0.02		0.23	^0.0003	0.07		0.01		0.05		1
C/N	0.09		-0.02		0.45	^<0.0001	-0.7	^<0.0001	-0.05		0.02		0.02	1
MBC/MBN	-0.01		-0.12		-0.08		-0.09		0.61	^<0.0001	-0.18	^0.0049	-0.02	0.01		1
MBC/OC	-0.12	^0.0683	-0.11		-0.25	^0.0001	-0.06		0.9	^<0.0001	-0.08		-0.06	-0.13	^0.0361	0.58	^<0.0001	1
MBN/N	0.08		0.01		0.27	^<0.0001	-0.08		-0.02		0.95	^<0.0001	0.02	0.23	^0.0002	-0.18	^0.0042	-0.07	1

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[1] CORRESPONDENCE TO Juan Carlos Suárez Salazar Universidad de la Amazonia, Av. Circunvalar, s/n, CEP 180002, Florencia, Colômbia e-mail: juansuarez1@gmail.com