Abstract
Aim
Temperature and light have been recognized as important factors for ephippia hatching in temperate and tropical freshwater systems. Oddly some authors suggested that decapsulation of resting eggs would be a pro when it comes to ex situ hatching studies, exposing those eggs to a greater amount of light. This study aimed to compare the difference in the hatching rate between resting eggs decapsulated and intact ephippia of Daphnia laevis, a zooplankton that occurs at lakes, in tropical freshwaters (Cladocera).
Methods
The ephippia used in this work were collected at the sediment of a reservoir, in Belo Horizonte city (Minas Gerais, Brazil). We set up the laboratory experiment with two distinct groups: intact ephippia and decapsulated resting eggs. For that, we manually decapsulated 120 ephippia and kept 120 others intact (six replicas with 20 ephippia each), then incubated them all with culture water at 22ºC (12h photoperiod) for 30 days with daily monitoring.
Results
The results showed that decapsulation influenced negatively the hatching success, as the intact ephippia had a hatching rate of 22%, while those decapsulated only had 6%. In addition, Daphnia hatchlings were observed for intact ephippia group up to the twenty-seventh day, while for the decapsulated the last hatching occurred on the tenth day. Decapsulated eggs are subject to high exposure to light and it may jeopardize the embryo development.
Conclusions
In this context, we suggest that removing the protective capsule from the eggs needs to be done with caution, since in some species this can damage the resting eggs, which alters the viability and compromise the accuracy of the hatching rates studies.
Keywords:
Daphnia laevis; ephippia; diapause; hatching rates; zooplankton
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