Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire

Schäfer, Julia Luiza; Cibils Filho, Bolivar Ramos; de Moura, Tayse Conter; Tavares, Valquíria Coutinho; Arteche, Adriane Xavier; Kristensen, Christian Haag

doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0074

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Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy

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Original Article • Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 40 (2) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0074 copy

Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire

Propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do Questionário de Regulação Emocional Cognitiva

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Introduction:

The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) was developed to measure nine cognitive strategies referring to what someone thinks after the experience of threatening or stressful events. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the Brazilian version of the CERQ.

Methods:

The adaptation process included translation, backtranslation, expert committee evaluation, and test on 30 participants from the target population. A sample of 445 university students completed the Portuguese version of the CERQ, a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Life Events Checklist (LEC-5), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) on an on-line research platform. Validity was assessed through confirmatory factor analysis of two models - a nine-factor model and a second-order model. Internal consistency was assessed through Cronbach's alpha analysis and correlations with affective variables measured by the PANAS.

Results:

The analyses showed that the nine-factor model of the CERQ has good factorial validity and high reliability, with Cronbach's alpha values ranging between 0.71 and 0.88. The second-order model did not have a good fit to the data.

Conclusion:

The results obtained in this study are similar to the ones found previously, indicating that the Brazilian version of the CERQ is a valid and reliable tool for assessing cognitive emotion regulation strategies, but that grouping them according to their adaptability is not recommended.

Keywords:
Emotion regulation; cognitive emotion regulation; Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire; psychometric properties; cognitive psychology

CERQ		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
Self-blame
	Item 1	0.87
	Item 10	0.88
	Item 19	0.73
	Item 28	0.71
Acceptance
	Item 2		0.65
	Item 11		0.72
	Item 20		0.59
	Item 29		0.81
Rumination
	Item 3			0.77
	Item 12			0.77
	Item 21			0.77
	Item 30			0.85
Positive refocusing
	Item 4				0.74
	Item 13				0.78
	Item 22				0.77
	Item 31				0.84
Refocus on planning
	Item 5					0.65
	Item 14					0.59
	Item 23					0.43
	Item 32					0.65
Positive reappraisal
	Item 6						0.71
	Item 15						0.77
	Item 24						0.53
	Item 33						0.62
Putting into perspective
	Item 7							0.59
	Item 16							0.71
	Item 25							0.69
	Item 34							0.77
Catastrophizing
	Item 8								0.39
	Item 17								0.75
	Item 26								0.41
	Item 35								0.86
Other-blame
	Item 9									0.75
	Item 18									0.76
	Item 27									0.79
	Item 36									0.85

CERQ	α^* * Reliability analysis performed using Cronbach's alpha, represented in the table by α.	Original (N=611)	French (N=230)	Spanish (N=615)	Romanian (N=1,071)	Persian (N=503)	Turkish (N=396)	Argentinean (N=359)	Chinese (N=791)	Peruvian (N=345)
1. Self-blame	0.86	0.75	0.78	0.61	0.69	0.69	0.72	0.69	0.76	0.58
2. Acceptance	081	0.76	0.68	0.64	0.71	0.64	0.74	0.59	0.77	0.58
3. Rumination	0.85	0.83	0.74	0.74	0.76	0.71	0.82	0.70	0.82	0.69
4. Positive refocusing	0.86	0.85	0.83	0.89	0.83	0.81	0.81	0.83	0.86	0.74
5. Refocus on planning	0.71	0.86	0.81	0.83	0.80	0.79	0.81	0.66	0.90	0.61
6. Positive reappraisal	0.77	0.85	0.87	0.80	0.80	0.82	0.79	0.77	0.88	0.70
7. Putting into perspective	0.79	0.82	0.83	0.83	0.75	0.79	0.75	0.70	0.76	0.66
8. Catastrophizing	0.73	0.79	0.68	0.72	0.76	0.74	0.83	0.68	0.85	0.72
9. Other-blame	0.88	0.82	0.80	0.79	0.75	0.81	0.82	0.82	0.86	0.69

CERQ	Mean(SD)	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1. Self-blame	1.67 (0.96)	-
2. Acceptance	2.85 (1.15)	0.34^* * p<0.001;	-
3. Rumination	2.22 (1.06)	0.49^* * p<0.001;	0.46^* * p<0.001;	-
4. Positive refocusing	3.25 (1.17)	-0.21	0.27^* * p<0.001;	-0.003	-
5. Refocus on planning	2.96 (1.02)	0.26^* * p<0.001;	0.44^* * p<0.001;	0.39^* * p<0.001;	0.60^* * p<0.001;	-
6. Positive reappraisal	2.81 (1.09)	0.21^* * p<0.001;	0.46^* * p<0.001;	0.15^* * p<0.001;	0.42^* * p<0.001;	0.59^* * p<0.001;	-
7. Putting into perspective	3.02 (1.14)	0.21^* * p<0.001;	0.39^* * p<0.001;	0.06	0.45^* * p<0.001;	0.41^* * p<0.001;	0.57^* * p<0.001;	-
8. Catastrophizing	1.91 (0.86)	0.31	0.35^* * p<0.001;	0.67^* * p<0.001;	-0.02	0.24^* * p<0.001;	0.08	-0.04	-
9. Other-blame	1.88 (1.07)	0.21^* * p<0.001;	0.23^* * p<0.001;	0.34^* * p<0.001;	0.12^* * p<0.001;	0.24^* * p<0.001;	0.10^† † p<0.05.	0.04	0.35^* * p<0.001;	-
Total scale	2.5 (0.64)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

CERQ		Positive affect		Negative affect
CERQ		r	Partial r	r	Partial r
Adaptive strategies
	Acceptance	0.07	-0.10	0.27^* * p<0.001;	0.06
	Positive refocusing	0.04	0.01	0.08	0.02
	Refocus on planning	0.37^* * p<0.001;	0.19^* * p<0.001;	0.24^* * p<0.001;	0.10^† † p<0.05.
	Positive reappraisal	0.28^* * p<0.001;	0.14^† † p<0.05.	0.01	-0.22^* * p<0.001;
	Putting into perspective	0.18^* * p<0.001;	0.02	0.12^* * p<0.001;	0.01^† † p<0.05.
Maladaptive strategies
	Self-blame	-0.05	-0.12^† † p<0.05.	0.37^* * p<0.001;	0.18^† † p<0.05.
	Rumination	0.04	0.01	0.45^* * p<0.001;	0.19^* * p<0.001;
	Catastrophizing	0.02	0.00	0.33^* * p<0.001;	0.04
	Other-blame	0.08	0.06	0.27^* * p<0.001;	0.06

Associação de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul Av. Ipiranga, 5311/202, 90610-001 Porto Alegre RS/ Brasil, Tel./Fax: (55 51) 3024 4846 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil
E-mail: trends@aprs.org.br

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[1] Correspondence: Julia L. Schäfer Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Prédio 11 90619-900 - Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil Tel.; +55 (51) 999486078 E-mail: julialuizaschafer@gmail.com