Rectal leiomyosarcomas are rare tumors originated from smooth muscle cells. Differential diagnosis includes gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), leiomyomas or schwannomas, and the differentiation of these tumors is usually made through immunohistochemistry. Due to its rarity, the standard treatment has not been defined. The purpose of this study was to present the follow-up of a patient with leiomyosarcoma of medium rectum submitted to exclusive operative treatment. The tumor size was 6 cm and it had a high mitotic index. The patient remains with good urinary function and good sphincter function, and free of the disease after a three-year follow-up.
leiomyosarcoma; rectal neoplasms; immunohistochemistry