Complementary feeding, consumption of industrialized foods and nutritional status of children under 3 years old in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2016: a descriptive study

Neves, Alice Magagnin; Madruga, Samanta Winck

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Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde 28 (1) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742019000100019 copy

Complementary feeding, consumption of industrialized foods and nutritional status of children under 3 years old in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2016: a descriptive study^* * Manuscript derived from the Master's thesis with the same title and by the same author, submitted to the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) and approved in October 2017.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

to verify how and when complementary feeding (CF) begins, its profile, consumption of processed foods and nutritional status of children aged 1-3 years.

Methods:

children enrolled at public schools in Pelotas, RS, Brazil, were evaluated; length/height-for-age and weight-for-age scores, and body mass index (BMI)/age were used, and a structured questionnaire was administered to parents/caregivers; CF was considered early when started before the age of six months; data were presented in a descriptive way.

Results:

79 children were evaluated, of whom 13 were overweight and 6 obese; 11 had high weight-for-age; mean age for beginning CF was 5.3 months; when aged <6 months, 43% received gelatin, and 12.7% juice from cartons; when aged 6-24 months, 96.2% received filled biscuits and 91.1% salty snacks.

Conclusion:

CF and consumption of processed foods began early; obesity and overweight were more prevalent than malnutrition.

Keywords:
Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Industrialized Food; Nutritional Status; Observational Study

Indicators and food data	N	%
Child's sex
Male	40	51
Female	39	49
Ethnicity/skin color
White	38	48
Not white	41	52
Siblings
0	27	34
1	28	35
2	13	17
≥3	11	14
Smoking mothers^a
Yes	13	26
No	37	74
Mothers work outside the home^a
Yes	27	42
No	37	58
Age complementary feeding began (in months)
<6	40	40
6	29	29
≥8	4	4
Body mass index (BMI)/age^b
Eutrophic	40	51
Risk of overweight	20	25
Overweight	13	17
Obesity	6	7
Weight/age^b
Appropriate weight	68	86
High Weight	11	14
First foods
Mashed Fruit	26	33
Carbohydrate + bean broth	13	16
Soup stock	10	13
Fruit Juice	11	14
Bean broth	7	8
Processed food	3	4
Blended soup	3	4
Do not know or do not remember	7	8

Food group	Age of food introduction (in months)
Food group	<6	6-7	8-11	≥12	µ	Standard deviation
Meat	6	33	23	17	8.00	2.67
Vegetables	18	39	19	3	6.73	2.08
Grains, roots and tubers	16	41	15	7	6.90	2.42
Fruit and vegetables rich in vitamin A	15	36	8	4	6.42	2.11
Other fruit and vegetables	28	43	5	3	5.82	1.88

Indicators	%
Introduction of solid or semi-solid food¹	30
Minimum dietry diversity²	54
Minimum meal frequency
Children between 6 and 8 months who received at least two meals³	86
Children between 9 and 23 months who received at least two meals⁴	94
Minimum acceptable diet⁵	46
Consumption of foods rich in iron⁶	77
Energy density⁷	33
Bottle feeding⁸	94

Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente - Ministério da Saúde do Brasil SRTVN Quadra 701, Via W5 Norte, Lote D, Edifício P0700, CEP: 70719-040, +55 61 3315-3464, Fax: +55 61 3315-3464 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: ress.svs@gmail.com

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[1] Correspondence: Samanta Winck Madruga - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Alimentos, Rua Gomes Carneiro, No. 1, Centro, Sala 227, Bloco A, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Postcode: 96010-610 E-mail: samantamadruga@gmail.com