Food intake and underweight markers in children under 6 months old monitored via the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System, Brazil, 2015

Correspondence: Vivian Siqueira Santos Gonçalves - Setor de Rádio e Televisão Norte (SRTV), Quadra 701, Via W5 Norte, Edifício PO700, Brasília, DF, Brazil. Postcode: 70719-040 E-mail: vivian.goncalves@saude.gov.br

Authors’ Contribution

Gonçalves VSS, Silva SA, Andrade RCS and Spaniol AM took part in conceiving the study design, data analysis and interpretation, as well as preparing and critically reviewing the contents of the manuscript. Nilson EAF and Moura IF took part in conceiving and designing the study and critically reviewing the contents of the manuscript. All the authors took part in writing the manuscript and approved the final version thereof. They declare that they are responsible for all aspects of the manuscript, ensuring its accuracy and integrity.

Characteristics	Frequency % (95%CI^c)	Low weight-for-age % (95%CI^c)	Low BMI^b for age % (95%CI^c)
Sex
Female	49.5 (48.7;50.2)	7.6 (6.9;8.1)	5.1 (4.6;5.5)
Male	50.5 (49.7;51.2)	8.7 (8.1;9.3)	6.3 (5.8;6.8)
Age (in months)
<1	25.2 (24.5;25.8)	8.2 (7.4;9.1)	5.6 (4.5;5.8)
1	16.6 (16.1;17.2)	11.9 (10.8;13.2)	7.8 (6.8;8.8)
2	16.5 (15.9;17.0)	9.6 (8.6;10.7)	6.3 (5.4;7.2)
3	13.6 (13.1;14.2)	6.9 (5.9;8.0)	5.6 (4.8;6.6)
4	15.7 (15.1;16.2)	6.0 (5.2;6.9)	4.6 (3.9;5.5)
5	12.4 (11.9;12.9)	4.9 (4.1;5.9)	4.9 (4.1;5.9)
Race/skin color
White and Asiatic	48.8 (48.1;49.5)	8.7 (8.0;9.2)	5.7 (5.2;6.2)
Brown and Black	40.6 (39.8;41.3)	7.4 (6.7;8.0)	6.0 (5.4;6.6)
Indigenous	0.4 (0.3;0.5)	5.8 (2.1;14.5)	2.8 (0.7;10.9)
No information	10.2 (9.7;10.6)	8.8 (7.5;10.2)	4.7 (3.8;5.7)
Attends crèche
Yes	17.7 (17.1;18.3)	8.1 (7.1;9.0)	6.1 (5.2;6.9)
No	81.5 (80.8;82.0)	8.2 (7.7;8.6)	5.7 (5.2;6.0)
No information	0.8 (0.6;0.9)	5.6 (2.8;10.8)	3.5 (1.4;8.1)
Brazilian macroregion
Northeast	10.3 (9.8;10.7)	5.7 (4.7;6.8)	6.3 (5.2;7.5)
North	10.1 (9.6;10.5)	5.9 (4.9;7.1)	6.0 (4.9;7.2)
Midwest	16.9 (16.3;17.5)	5.6 (4.8;6.5)	4.7 (3.9;5.4)
Southeast	42.6 (41.8;43.3)	9.6 (8.9;10.3)	6.0 (5.3;6.4)
South	20.1 (19.5;20.7)	9.5 (8.6;10.6)	6.0 (5.2;6.8)

Food consumption indicator^b	Frequency	Low weight-for-age	Low BMI^c for age
Food consumption indicator^b	% (95%CI^d)	% (95%CI^d)	% (95%CI^d)
Exclusive breastfeeding	56.1 (55.3;56.8)	7.6 (7.0;8.0)	5.2 (4.7;5.5)
Mother’s milk	88.3 (87.8;88.8)	7.9 (7.4;8.2)	5.6 (5.2;5.9)
Porridge	10.9 (10.4;11.3)	7.0 (5.8;8.1)	6.5 (5.4;7.6)
Water or tea	28.9 (28.2;29.5)	7.4 (6.6;8.0)	6.1 (5.4;6.7)
Cow’s milk	10.5 (10.0;10.9)	7.0 (5.8;8.1)	6.3 (5.1;7.3)
Infant formula	25.0 (24.3;25.6)	10.5 (9.5;11.3)	6.5 (5.8;7.2)
Fruit juice	13.0 (12.4;13.4)	6.2 (5.2;7.1)	5.6 (4.6;6.5)
Fruit	11.5 (11.0;11.9)	6.0 (5.0;7.0)	5.2 (4.2;6.2)
Savory food	9.0 (8.5;9.4)	6.1 (4.9;7.2)	4.7 (3.6;5.7)
Other food or drink	6.8 (6.3;7.1)	6.7 (5.2;8.1)	4.8 (3.6;6.0)

Food consumption indicator^b	Low weight-for-age		Low BMI^c for age
Food consumption indicator^b	Crude prevalence ratio (95%CI^d)	Adjusted prevalence ratio^e (95%CI^d)	Crude prevalence ratio (95%CI^d)	Adjusted prevalence ratio^e (95%CI^d)
Exclusive breastfeeding	0.85^f (0.77;0.94)	0.73^g (0.61;0.87)	0.80^f (0.71;0.90)	0.69^f (0.56;0.85)
Mother’s milk	0.77^f (0.67;0.89)	0.87 (0.75;1.02)	0.80^g (0.68;0.95)	0.90 (0.74;1.09)
Porridge	0.86^g (0.77;0.97)	1.01 (0.82;1.24)	1.16^h (0.97;1.39)	1.22 (0.98;1.52)
Water or tea	0.87^h (0.78;0.97)	0.81^g (0.69;0.94)	1.10^h (0.97;1.25)	0.93 (0.77;1.13)
Cow’s milk	0.84^h (0.71;1.00)	0.92 (0.75;1.14)	1.11 (0.92;1.34)	-
Infant formula	1.42^f (1.28;1.58)	1.35^f (1.15;1.58)	1.20^g (1.05;1.37)	1.00 (0.83;1.20)
Fruit juice	0.74^f (0.62;0.87)	0.89 (0.69;1.14)	0.98 (0.82;1.17)	-
Fruit	0.72^f (0.60;0.86)	0.85 (0.65;1.13)	0.91 (0.74;1.10)	-
Savory food	0.73^f (0.60;0.90)	1.01 (0.76;1.35)	0.81^h (0.64;1.02)	0.78 (0.58;1.04)
Other food or drink	0.81^h (0.65;1.01)	0.90 (0.75;1.02)	0.84^h (0.64;1.09)	0.77 (0.57;1.06)

Brasil