Association between socio-demographic factors and cardiovascular health risk behaviors of Brazilian adolescents aged 13 to 17 years: data from the 2015 National School-Based Health Survey

Leal, Maria Andréia Brito Ferreira; Lima, Carlos Eduardo Batista de; Mascarenhas, Márcio Dênis Medeiros; Rodrigues, Malvina Thaís Pacheco; Paiva, Stephanie Sarah Cordeiro de; Sousa, Carolina Rodrigues de Oliveira; Veloso, Vandoval Rodrigues

Maria Andréia Brito Ferreira Leal

Universidade Federal do Piauí, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comunidade, Teresina, PI, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0577-6137

Carlos Eduardo Batista de Lima

Universidade Federal do Piauí, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comunidade, Teresina, PI, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4645-6348

Márcio Dênis Medeiros Mascarenhas

Universidade Federal do Piauí, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comunidade, Teresina, PI, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5064-2763

Malvina Thaís Pacheco Rodrigues

Universidade Federal do Piauí, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comunidade, Teresina, PI, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-0669

Stephanie Sarah Cordeiro de Paiva

Universidade Federal do Piauí, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comunidade, Teresina, PI, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6349-4691

Carolina Rodrigues de Oliveira Sousa

Universidade Federal do Piauí, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comunidade, Teresina, PI, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4945-4372

Vandoval Rodrigues Veloso

Universidade Federal do Piauí, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comunidade, Teresina, PI, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9643-9023

Correspondence: Maria Andréia Brito Ferreira Leal - Universidade Federal do Piauí, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comunidade, Av. Frei Serafim, No. 2280, Centro (Sul), Teresina, PI, Brazil. Postcode: 64001-020 E-mail: andreiabf_fisio@yahoo.com.br

Authors’ contributions

Leal MABF took part in the conception and design of the study, data analysis and interpretation and writing the manuscript. Lima CEB, Mascarenhas MDM and Rodrigues MTP collaborated with the conception, critical review and approval of the final version of the manuscript. Paiva SSC and Veloso VR contributed to data analysis and interpretation. Sousa CRO collaborated with the design of the study and writing the manuscript. All the authors have approved the final version and declared themselves to be responsible for all aspects of the study, ensuring its accuracy and integrity.

Associate editor: Doroteia Aparecida Höfelmann - orcid.org/0000-0003-1046-3319

Characterization of adolescent students	%^b	95% CI^c
Sociodemographic characteristics
Sex (n=10,926)
Male	50.3	48.7;51.9
Female	49.7	48.1;51.3
Age in years (n=10,926)
13-15	61.9	58.1;65.6
16-17	38.1	34.4;41.9
Living with father (n=10,919)
Yes	88.4	87.5;89.3
No	11.6	10.7;12.5
Living with mother (n=10,918)
Yes	61.6	60.2;63.1
No	38.4	36.9;39.8
Number of people in the household
Up to 3	26.8	25.5;28.0
4 or more	73.2	72.0;74.5
Mother’s schooling, in years of study (n=10,907)
<8	32.7	30.3;35.1
≥8	67.3	64.9;69.7
Cardiovascular health risk behavior
Consumption of fried savory snacks in the last 7 days (n=10,900)
None	31.0	29.8;32.1
1 to 4 days	55.2	53.9;56.4
5 days or more	13.9	13.0;14.8
Consumption of candies in the last 7 days (n=10,902)
None	10.9	10.2;11.7
1 to 4 days	48.5	47.3;49.8
5 days or more	40.6	39.3;41.8
Consumption of soda in the last 7 days (n=10,908)
None	17.6	16.7;18.6
1 to 4 days	55.2	53.9;56.4
5 days or more	27.2	26.1;28.4
Consumption of industrialized food in the last 7 days (n=10,894)
None	14.6	13.7;15.5
1 to 4 days	53.7	52.5;55.0
5 days or more	31.7	30.5;32.8
Consumption of fast-food in the last 7 days (n=10,903)
None	52.9	51.6;54.1
1 to 4 days	41.6	40.3;42.8
5 days or more	5.6	5.0;6.2
Total time spent doing physical activity in the last 7 days d (n=10,913)
Up to 299 minutes	68.4	67.2;69.5
300 minutes or more	31.6	30.5;32.8
Cigarette experimentation (n=10.910)
Yes	22.9	21.8;23.9
No	77.1	76.1;78.2
Alcoholic beverage experimentation (n=10.903)
Yes	59.2	58.0;60.4
No	40.8	39.6;42.0

Variables	Unhealthy eating habits
Variables	%^b	PR^c (95%CI^d)	p^e	PRa^f (95%CI^d)	p^e
			Candies
Sex		<0.001			<0.001
Female	45.3	1.32 (1.22;1.43)		1.37 (1.25;1.50)
Male	33.5	1.00		1.00
Age (in years)			0.932		0.030
13-15	39.1	1.00		1.11 (1.00;1.22)
16-17	39.9	1.00 (0.92;1.09)		1.00
Mother’s education level (in years of study)			0.051
<8	36.6	1.09 (0.99;1.21)		-
≥8	40.0	1.00		-
Living with father			0.182
No	42.2	1.06 (0.97;1.17)		-
Yes	39.0	1.00		-
Living with mother			0.489
No	40.9	1.02 (0.95;1.10)		-
Yes	38.4	1.00		-
Number of people in the household			0.605
4 or more	39.2	1.02 (0.94;1.11)		-
Up to 3	39.9	1.00		-
			Soda
Sex			0.007		0.001
Female	25.1	1.00		1.00
Male	28.3	1.15 (1.04;1.28)		1.17 (1.03;1.31)
Age (in years)			0.741
13-15	27.1	1.00		-
16-17	26.1	1.01 (0.90;1.14)		-
Mother’s education level (in years of study)			0.019		0.025
<8	25.0	1.00		1.00
≥8	26.5	1.15 (1.02;1.29)		1.14 (1.01;1.31)
Living with father			0.899
No	28.7	1.00		-
Yes	26.5	1.00 (0.87;1.16)		-
Living with mother			0.071
No	28.1	1.08 (0.99;1.17)		-
Yes	25.9	1.00		-
Number of people in the household		0.676
4 or more	26.5	1.02 (0.92;1.12)		-
Up to 3	27.4	1.00		-
			Fried savory snacks
Sex			0.468
Female	13.6	1.05 (0.91;1.22)		-
Male	13.5	1.00		-
Age (in years)			0.890
13-15	13.6	1.00 (0.88;1.15)		-
16-17	13.5	1.00		-
Mother’s education level (in years of study)			0.224
<8	13.7	1.00		-
≥8	13.4	1.24 (1.11;1.38)		-
Living with father			0.572
No	14.4	1.05 (0.88;1.25)		-
Yes	13.5	1.00		-
Living with mother			0.074
No	14.2	1.13 (0.98;1.30)		-
Yes	13.2	1.00		-
Number of people in the household		0.878
4 or more	13.5	1.00		-
Up to 3	13.9	1.01 (0.86;1.17)		-

Variables	Unhealthy eating habits
Variables	%^b	PR^c (95%CI^d)	p^e	PRa^f (95%CI^d)	p^e
	Industrialized/ultra-processed
Sex			0.063
Female	66.7	1.09 (0.99;1.19)		-
Male	69.5	1.00		-
Age (in years)			0.072
13-15	69.0	1.00		-
16-17	66.6	1.10 (0.99;1.23)		-
Mother’s education level (in years of study)			<0.001		<0.001
<8	71.5	1.00		1.00
≥8	65.6	1.24 (1.11;1.38)		1.24 (1.11;1.38)
Living with father			0.380
No	68.3	1.00		-
Yes	68.1	1.06 (0.92;1.21)		-
Living with mother			0.326
No	68.6	1.00		-
Yes	67.9	1.04 (0.95;1.13)		-
Number of people in the household			0.813
4 or more	68.6	1.00		-
Up to 3	67.0	1.01 (0.91;1.11)		-
			Fast-food
Sex			0.151
Female	5.4	1.00		-
Male	6.0	1.20 (0.93;1.55)		-
Age (in years)			0.212
13-15	5.5	1.00		-
16-17	6.2	1.21 (0.89;1.63)		-
Mother’s education level (in years of study)			0.326
<8	5.3	1.00		-
≥8	6.0	1.17 (0.85;1.61)		-
Living with father			0.049		0.049
No	8.0	1.34 (1.00;1.79)		1.34 (1.00;1.79)
Yes	5.4	1.00		1.00
Living with mother			0.417
No	5.6	1.00		-
Yes	5.8	1.10 (0.86;1.42)		-
Number of people in the household			0.848
4 or more	5.5	1.00		-
Up to 3	6.3	1.02 (0.81;1.29)		-

Variables	Cardiovascular health risk behavior
Variables	%^b	PR^c (95%CI^d)	p^e	PRa^f (95%CI^d)	p^e
	Inactivity or low physical activity level
Sex			<0.001		<0.001
Female	76.6	1.32 (1.26;1.38)		1.32 (1.26;1.38)
Male	58.8	1.00		1.00
Age (in years)			0.189
13-15	67.3	1.00		-
16-17	68.2	1.03 (0.98;1.08)		-
Mother’s education level (in years of study)			0.036
<8	69.0	1.00		-
≥8	66.9	1.05 (1.00;1.10)		-
Living with father			0.069
No	67.7	1.05 (0.99;1.11)		-
Yes	67.5	1.00		-
Living with mother			0.050
No	69.0	1.00		-
Yes	66.8	1.04 (0.99;1.08)		-
Number of people in the household			0.991
4 or more	67.4	1.00		-
Up to 3	68.3	1.00 (0.95;1.04)		-
	Cigarettes
Sex			0.099		0.042
Female	21.4	1.00		1.00
Male	23.1	1.09 (0.98;1.23)		1.12 (1.00;1.25)
Age (in years)			<0.001		<0.001
13-15	18.2	1.00		1.00
16-17	29.9	1.53 (1.43;1.74)		1.51 (1.33;1.72)
Mother’s education level (in years of study)			0.997
<8	24.3	1.00		-
≥8	22.4	1.00 (0.87;1.14)		-
Living with father			<0.001		<0.001
No	30.9	1.45 (1.28;1.64)		1.36 (1.20;1.53)
Yes	21.2	1.00		1.00
Living with mother			<0.001		<0.001
No	26.6	1.30 (1.18;1.44)		1.25 (1.13;1.37)
Yes	19.6	1.00		1.00
Number of people in the household			0.018
4 or more	21.4	1.00		-
Up to 3	24.6	1.16 (1.02;1.32)		-
	Alcoholic beverages
Sex			0.012		0.040
Female	60.1	1.06 (1.01;1.11)		1.05 (1.00;1.10)
Male	56.5	1.00		1.00
Age (in years)			<0.001		<0.001
13-15	49.1	1.00		1.00
16-17	27.9	1.39 (1.30;1.48)		1.38 (1.29;1.47)
Mother’s education level (in years of study)			0.324
<8	59.6	1.00		-
≥8	60.8	1.03 (0.96;1.10)		-
Living with father			<0.001		0.012
No	66.6	1.12 (1.05;1.18)		1.07 (1.01;1.14)
Yes	57.2	1.00		1.00
Living with mother			<0.001		0.018
No	62.5	1.10 (1.05;1.16)		1.07 (1.02;1.12)
Yes	55.7	1.00		1.00
Number of people in the household			<0.001		<0.001
4 or more	56.5	1.00		1.00
Up to 3	62.9	1.10 (1.05;1.16)		1.05 (1.01;1.11)

[1] Correspondence: Maria Andréia Brito Ferreira Leal - Universidade Federal do Piauí, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Comunidade, Av. Frei Serafim, No. 2280, Centro (Sul), Teresina, PI, Brazil. Postcode: 64001-020 E-mail: andreiabf_fisio@yahoo.com.br

Brasil

Brasil

Association between socio-demographic factors and cardiovascular health risk behaviors of Brazilian adolescents aged 13 to 17 years: data from the 2015 National School-Based Health Survey

Abstract

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion: