Food insecurity in a city in the extreme south of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2016: a population-based study

Dias, Mariane da Silva; Dumith, Samuel de Carvalho; Vaz, Juliana dos Santos; Susin, Lulie Rosane Odeh

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Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde 29 (2) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742020000200007 copy

Food insecurity in a city in the extreme south of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2016: a population-based study^* * Article derived from the Master’s Degree thesis entitled ‘Food insecurity in the far south of Brazil: a population-based study’, defended by Mariane da Silva Dias at the Federal University of Rio Grande Public Health Postgraduate Program in 2017. This study is part of a research consortium entitled ‘Health of the Population of Rio Grande’, funded with resources provided by the Federal University of Rio Grande Faculty of Medicine Public Health Postgraduate Program and Health Sciences Postgraduate Program. It also received financial support from the Rio Grande do Sul State Research Support Foundation: Programa Primeiros Projetos, ARD/PPP 2014 - Process No. 16/2551-0000359-9. Samuel de Carvalho Dumith was granted a research productivity scholarship from National Scientific and Technological Development Council/Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communications (CNPq/MCTIC): Process No 306964/2016-3. Mariane da Silva Dias was granted a Master’s Degree scholarship by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES)/Ministry of Education - Funding Code 001

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

to analyze the occurrence of food insecurity and associated factors in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2016.

Methods:

this was a cross-sectional population-based study using data obtained by interviewing heads of household; Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment was used.

Results:

675 households were included; food insecurity prevalence was 35.2% (95%CI31.6;39.0) and its occurrence was associated with heads of household being female (PR=1.49 - 95%CI1.17;1.90), not being white-skinned (PR=1.49 - 95%CI1.18;1.88), being younger, unmarried (PR=1.39 - 95%CI 1.07;1.81), belonging to the lowest education bracket (PR=1.58; 95%CI 1.17;2,12), belonging to the first and second assets index tertiles, having insufficient money to meet expenses (PR=2.22 - 95%CI 1.76;2.80), being obese (PR=1.39 - 95%CI 1.13;1.71), and being a smoker (PR=1.28 - 95%CI 1.05;1.56).

Conclusion:

food insecurity was associated with all factors studied except alcohol abuse.

Keywords:
Food and Nutrition Security; Socioeconomic Factors; Social Vulnerability; Health Surveys; Cross-Sectional Studies

Variables	n	%
Sex
Male	259	38.4
Female	416	61.6
Race/skin color ^a
White	561	83.2
Black. brown and other	113	16.8
Age group (in years)
18-39	191	28.3
40-59	278	41.2
≥60	206	30.5
Schooling (in years of study) ^a
0-8	301	44.6
9-11	196	29.1
≥12	177	26.3
Number of dwellers in the household
Up to 3	487	72.2
4 or more	188	27.8
Assets index
1^st (worst situation)	273	40.5
2^nd	208	30.8
3^rd (best situation)	194	28.7
Sufficient money to pay expenses^b
No/partly	258	38.4
Yes	414	61.6
Marital status
Married	247	36.6
Single	264	39.1
Widowed/separated	164	24.3
Nutritional status^c
Low weight	11	1.7
Normal weight	246	37.9
Overweight	244	37.7
Obese	147	22.7
Currently smokes tobacco
Non-smoker	533	79.0
Smoker	142	21.0
Alcohol abuse^a
No	599	88.9
Yes	75	11.1

Variables	Prevalence %	Crude PR^a (95%CI^b)	p-value^c	Adjusted PR^a (95%CIb)	p-value.^c
Sex			0.001		0.002
Male	26.7	1.00		1.00
Female	40.5	1.51(1.20;1.91)		1.49(1.17;1.90)
Race/skin color			<0.001		0.001
White	32.2	1.00		1.00
Non-White	50.4	1.57(1.25;1.96)		1.49(1.18;1.88)
Age group (in years)			<0.001		<0.001
18-39	45.6	2.11(1.54;2.90)		1.93(1.42;2.62)
40-59	38.1	1.77(1.29;2.42)		1.38(1.33;2.44)
≥60	21.6	1.00		1.00
Marital status			<0.001		0.021
Married	25.6	1.00		1.00
Single/widowed/separated	40.8	1.59(1.25;2.03)		1.39(1.07;1.81)
Schooling (in years of study)			<0.001		0.012
0-8	44.8	2.20(1.60;3.03)		1.58(1.17;2.12)
9-11	34.2	1.68(1.18;2.39)		1.33(1.00;1.78)
≥12	20.3	1.00		1.00
Assets index			<0.001		<0.001
1^st tertile (worst situation)	49.1	3.97(2.79;5.64)		2.40(1.66;3.46)
2^nd tertile	38.5	3.11(2.13;4.53)		2.13(1.49;3.05)
3^rd tertile (best situation)	12.4	1.00		1.00
Number of dwellers in the household			<0.001		0.001
Up to 3	29.1	1.00		1.00
4 or more	51.1	1.76(1.46;2.11)		1.32(1.12;1.56)
Sufficient money to pay expenses			<0.001		<0.001
No	59.9	3.02(2.37;3.85)		2.22(1.76;2.80)
Yes	19.9	1.00		1.00
Nutritional status			0.146		0.031
Low weight	45.5	1.47(0.75;2.87)		1.17(0.74;1.85)
Normal weight	31.4	1.00		1.00
Overweight	34.8	1.12(0.88;1.44)		1.24(1.00;1.53)
Obese	41.5	1.34(1.03;1.73)		1.39(1.13;1.71)
Currently smokes tobacco			0.002		0.021
No	31.8	1.00		1.00
Yes	47.9	1.50(1.17;1.93)		1.28(1.05;1.56)
Alcohol abuse			0.890		0.063
No	35.2	1.00		1.00
Yes	36.0	1.01(0.63;1.62)		1.11(0.73;1.67)

Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente - Ministério da Saúde do Brasil SRTVN Quadra 701, Via W5 Norte, Lote D, Edifício P0700, CEP: 70719-040, +55 61 3315-3464, Fax: +55 61 3315-3464 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: ress.svs@gmail.com

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[1] Correspondence: Mariane da Silva Dias - Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, No 102, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil. CEP: 96203-900 E-mail: marianedias.md@gmail.com