Seedling image analysis and traditional tests to evaluate onion seed vigor

The aim of this study was to verify the possibility of using computerized seedling image analysis to detect differences in vigor among onion seed lots and to compare this analysis with traditional vigor tests. We used five seed lots of two onion cultivars, Bella Catarina and Bella Vista. The Seed Vigor Imaging System (SVIS^®) software was used to process the seedling images and assess seedling length and vigor through seedling uniformity and growth indexes. These determinations were compared to traditional tests used to evaluate onion seed vigor: germination percentage and first germination count, seedling emergence percentage and emergence speed, accelerated aging, and electrical conductivity. Results showed that vigor differences among onion seed lots can be identified using the SVIS^® in a manner similar to traditional vigor tests; assessments should be performed at five days after sowing.

Index terms:
SVIS^®; seed analysis; physiological potential

Authorship

Nayara Roberto Gonçalves ^**Corresponding author < nayararob1@gmail.com>

Departamento de Produção Vegetal, USP/ESALQ, Caixa Postal 9, 13418-900 - Piracicaba, SP, Brasil.USPBrazilPiracicaba, SP, BrazilDepartamento de Produção Vegetal, USP/ESALQ, Caixa Postal 9, 13418-900 - Piracicaba, SP, Brasil.

Silvio Moure Cicero

Haynna Fernandes Abud

*Corresponding author < nayararob1@gmail.com>

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Tables

Tables (5)

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Table 1
Mean values of germination percentage (GP), first germination count (FGC), seedling emergence percentage (EP), seedling emergence speed index (ESI), accelerated aging (AA), and electrical conductivity (EC), of five onion seed lots of the cultivar Bella Catarina in three evaluation periods.

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Table 2
Mean values of vigor (VI), growth (GI), uniformity (UI), and seedling length (SL) indexes, obtained by the SVIS^® software at 5 and 6 days after sowing, of five onion seed lots of the cultivar Bella Catarina in the three evaluation periods.

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Table 3
Mean values of germination percentage (GP), first germination count (FGC), electrical conductivity (EC), seedling emergence percentage (EP), seedling emergence speed index (ESI), and accelerated aging (AA), of five onion seed lots of the cultivar Bella Vista in three evaluation periods.

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Table 4
Mean values of vigor (VI), growth (GI), uniformity (UI), and seedling length (SL) indexes, obtained by the SVIS^® software at 5 and 6 days after sowing, of five onion seed lots of the cultivar Bella Vista in the three evaluation periods.

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Table 5
Estimated simple Pearson correlation coefficients between the traditional vigor tests, first germination count (FGC), emergence percentage (EP), emergence speed index (ESI), accelerated aging (AA), and electrical conductivity, and the determinations obtained by the SVIS^®, seedling length (SL), and vigor (VI), growth (GI), and uniformity (UI) indexes, 5 and 6 days after sowing for five onion seed lots of the cultivars Bella Catarina and Bella Vista.

Table 1 Mean values of germination percentage (GP), first germination count (FGC), seedling emergence percentage (EP), seedling emergence speed index (ESI), accelerated aging (AA), and electrical conductivity (EC), of five onion seed lots of the cultivar Bella Catarina in three evaluation periods.

Period	Lot	GP	FGC	EP	ESI	AA	EC
Period	Lot	-------------------------------- (%) --------------------------------					EC	µS. cm^-1. g^-1
First	1	91 a	91 a	93 a	6.04 a	47 b	287.02 b
	2	93 a	93 a	93 a	6.37 a	55 b	270.55 c
	3	92 a	92 a	95 a	6.28 a	54 b	279.23 b
	4	96 a	86 a	92 a	5.94 a	85 a	258.65 c
	5	97 a	88 a	87 b	5.44 b	54 b	333.72 a
CV (%)		3.34	4.16	3.44	5.47	10.81		2.89
Second	1	89 a	77 a	91 a	5.19 a	6 c	372.58 b
	2	90 a	84 a	94 a	5.38 a	15 b	352.07 b
	3	94 a	85 a	96 a	5.68 a	11 c	370.23 b
	4	91 a	65 b	87 a	4.89 b	55 a	337.01 b
	5	91 a	61 b	88 a	4.78 b	20 b	420.26 a
CV (%)		4.57	9.47	5.09	6.37	13.25		7.39
Third	1	88 a	74 a	88 a	5.08 a	0 b	445.14 a
	2	95 a	88 a	89 a	5.25 a	0 b	409.67 b
	3	91 a	76 a	90 a	5.39 a	0 b	417.22 b
	4	93 a	81 a	94 a	5.93 a	16 a	377.47 b
	5	89 a	53 b	86 a	4.74 a	1 b	477.97 a
CV (%)		4.45	10.67	6.82	8.55	15.10	6.30

Means followed by the same letter do not differ by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability.

Table 2 Mean values of vigor (VI), growth (GI), uniformity (UI), and seedling length (SL) indexes, obtained by the SVIS^® software at 5 and 6 days after sowing, of five onion seed lots of the cultivar Bella Catarina in the three evaluation periods.

Period	Lot	------------------ 5 days ------------------				------------------ 6 days ------------------
Period	Lot	SL	VI	GI	UI	SL	VI	GI	UI
First	1	1.11 b	869 a	874 a	861 a	1.53 b	785 b	749 b	869 a
	2	1.23 a	916 a	929 a	887 a	1.88 a	895 a	892 a	904 a
	3	1.18 a	895 a	886 a	887 a	1.82 a	878 a	876 a	884 a
	4	0.98 c	801 b	783 b	843 b	1.70 a	862 a	847 a	868 a
	5	0.83 d	738 c	703 c	821 b	1.44 b	776 b	757 b	823 b
CV (%)		9.13	4.91	6.37	3.71	10.35	6.24	8.00		3.91
Second	1	1.06 a	836 a	822 a	871 a	1.68 a	823 a	804 a	869 b
	2	1.09 a	845 a	825 a	893 a	1.84 a	872 a	863 a	895 a
	3	1.00 b	798 a	763 b	882 a	1.74 a	846 a	829 a	888 a
	4	0.91 c	773 a	742 b	845 b	1.66 a	838 a	828 a	861 b
	5	0.59 d	604 b	531 c	783 c	1.26 b	694 b	639 b	827 c
CV (%)		7.85	5.47		7.93	3.90	8.28	5.22	7.05	3.10
Third	1	0.56 b	600 b	513 a	807 a	1.13 b	670 c	590 c	858 b
	2	0.66 a	653 a	572 a	843 a	1.25 b	715 b	652 b	864 b
	3	0.64 a	640 a	549 a	852 a	1.46 a	793 a	752 a	889 a
	4	0.65 a	660 a	588 a	830 a	1.22 b	711 b	651 b	852 b
	5	0.29 c	441 c	314 b	744 b	0.90 c	603 d	508 c	825 c
CV (%)		15.05	7.43		11.22	4.57	13.68	8.51	12.99	3.17

Means followed by the same letter do not differ by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability.

Table 3 Mean values of germination percentage (GP), first germination count (FGC), electrical conductivity (EC), seedling emergence percentage (EP), seedling emergence speed index (ESI), and accelerated aging (AA), of five onion seed lots of the cultivar Bella Vista in three evaluation periods.

Period	Lot	GP	FGC	EP	ESI	AA	EC
Period	Lot	-------------------------------- (%) --------------------------------					EC	µS. cm^-1. g^-1
First	1	71 c	71 b	80 a	4.99 a	40 d	424.79 a
	2	84 b	64 b	80 a	4.88 a	53 c	310.04 b
	3	95 a	85 a	94 a	6.12 a	80 a	253.64 b
	4	91 a	88 a	90 a	5.78 a	81 a	260.95 b
	5	92 a	72 b	89 a	5.51 a	66 b	279.02 b
CV (%)		4.04	7.90	9.05	11.63	10.63		9.05
Second	1	79 b	51 b	83 b	4.55 b	21 d	443.76 a
	2	84 b	37 c	81 b	4.30 b	18 d	344.34 b
	3	96 a	55 b	89 a	4.93 a	47 b	293.21 c
	4	94 a	76 a	94 a	5.39 a	71 a	285.29 c
	5	87 b	45 c	92 a	5.00 a	36 c	313.54 c
CV (%)		6.75	13.50	5.88	7.88	12.26		6.84
Third	1	81 b	46 c	63 b	3.47 c	2 b	489.26 a
	2	84 b	31 d	68 b	3.64 c	5 b	396.07 b
	3	94 a	59 b	94 a	5.33 b	14 a	364.61 b
	4	93 a	76 a	95 a	6.06 a	19 a	354.33 b
	5	92 a	53 b	87 a	4.80 b	8 b	379.09 b
CV (%)		5.54	13.16	10.07	11.95	17.78	9.00

Means followed by the same letter do not differ by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability.

Table 4 Mean values of vigor (VI), growth (GI), uniformity (UI), and seedling length (SL) indexes, obtained by the SVIS^® software at 5 and 6 days after sowing, of five onion seed lots of the cultivar Bella Vista in the three evaluation periods.

Period	Lot	------------------ 5 days ------------------				------------------ 6 days ------------------
Period	Lot	SL	VI	GI	UI	SL	VI	GI	UI
First	1	0.79 b	721 b	687 a	802 b	1.42 b	753 b	721 b	830 b
	2	0.50 d	590 d	535 c	721 c	1.09 c	667 c	619 c	784 c
	3	0.92 a	770 a	738 a	845 a	1.64 a	813 a	793 a	862 a
	4	0.92 a	773 a	732 a	870 a	1.66 a	818 a	795 a	875 a
	5	0.70 c	673 c	624 b	801 b	1.40 b	747 b	712 b	831 b
CV (%)		9.63		5.45	9.06	4.72	11.13	6.29		8.13	4.53
Second	1	0.63 b	627 b	559 b	793 b	1.21 b	710 b	668 b	810 b
	2	0.47 c	550 c	475 c	728 c	0.94 c	603 c	529 d	779 c
	3	0.73 a	668 a	600 a	829 a	1.58 a	789 a	753 a	875 a
	4	0.77 a	693 a	628 a	848 a	1.56 a	791 a	755 a	878 a
	5	0.57 b	605 b	534 b	771 b	1.24 b	690 b	629 c	834 b
CV (%)		16.51		8.30	11.74	6.31	9.53	5.54		7.67	4.51
Third	1	0.46 c	567 b	490 b	751 b	0.74 c	549 c	459 c	761 b
	2	0.22 d	415 c	328 c	617 c	0.70 c	558 c	492 c	715 c
	3	0.57 b	626 a	557 a	789 a	1.07 b	656 b	581 b	832 a
	4	0.66 a	660 a	588 a	830 a	1.28 a	746 a	705 a	844 a
	5	0.41 c	539 b	461 b	723 b	1.13 b	693 b	645 a	805 a
CV (%)		18.53		9.73	15.09	6.49	16.00	8.75	13.14	5.00

Means followed by the same lowercase letter do not differ by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability.

Table 5 Estimated simple Pearson correlation coefficients between the traditional vigor tests, first germination count (FGC), emergence percentage (EP), emergence speed index (ESI), accelerated aging (AA), and electrical conductivity, and the determinations obtained by the SVIS^®, seedling length (SL), and vigor (VI), growth (GI), and uniformity (UI) indexes, 5 and 6 days after sowing for five onion seed lots of the cultivars Bella Catarina and Bella Vista.

Traditional tests	------------------- 5 days ------------------				------------------ 6 days ------------------
Traditional tests	SL	VI	GI	UI	SL	VI	GI	UI
FGC	0.8056*	0.8197*	0.7948*	0.8521*	0.7790*	0.7964*	0.7774*	0.7924*
EP	0.6065*	0.6012*	0.5634*	0.7443*	0.7120*	0.7153*	0.6793*	0.8396*
ESI	0.7390*	0.7483*	0.7253*	0.7753*	0.7554*	0.7774*	0.7550*	0.7946*
AA	0.5100*	0.5116*	0.5307*	0.3354	0.5520*	0.5420*	0.5616*	0.3000
EC	-0.5865*	-0.5855*	-0.6036*	-0.3946*	-0.6244*	-0.6144*	-0.6284*	-0.4099*

* Significant at 5% probability.

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Seedling image analysis and traditional tests to evaluate onion seed vigor

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[1] *Corresponding author < nayararob1@gmail.com>