Size and vigor of <i>Anadenanthera colubrina</i> (Vell.) Brenan seeds harvested in Caatinga areas

Angico is a species found in several environments in Brazil, with several applications. It is used in the timber industry and mainly in folk medicine. In order to verify a variation in the biometric characteristics and the quality of seeds from different mother-plants in different harvesting years, the following variables were studied: moisture content, diameter, density, electrical conductivity, fresh and dry matter of seedlings, germination percentage and kinetics, in a completely randomized design with a 2x3 factorial arrangement (lots x size). The obtained results showed that angico seeds from different lots showed different physiological quality, possibly due to the climate variations to which mother-plants were submitted in the different years. Seed size directly interferes with seedling growth under both controlled and greenhouse conditions, and it can be used as a vigor indicator for angico seeds.

Index terms:
physiological quality; biometrics; Fabaceae; angico

Authorship

Jaciara de Souza Bispo

Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, 48905-680 - Juazeiro, BA, Brasil.Universidade do Estado da BahiaBrazilJuazeiro, BA, BrazilDepartamento de Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, 48905-680 - Juazeiro, BA, Brasil.

Danielle Carolina Campos da Costa

Samara Elizabeth Vieira Gomes

Gilmara Moreira de Oliveira

Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 44036-900 - Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Feira de SantanaBrazilFeira de Santana, BA, BrazilDepartamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 44036-900 - Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil.

Janete Rodrigues Matias

Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, 59625-900 - Mossoró , RN, Brasil. Universidade Federal Rural do SemiáridoBrazilMossoró, RN, BrazilUniversidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, 59625-900 - Mossoró , RN, Brasil.

Renata Conduru Ribeiro

Embrapa Semiárido, Caixa Postal 23, 56302-970 - Petrolina, PE, Brasil. Embrapa SemiáridoBrazilPetrolina, PE, BrazilEmbrapa Semiárido, Caixa Postal 23, 56302-970 - Petrolina, PE, Brasil.

Bárbara França Dantas ^**Corresponding author< barbara.dantas@embrapa.br>

Embrapa Semiárido, Caixa Postal 23, 56302-970 - Petrolina, PE, Brasil. Embrapa SemiáridoBrazilPetrolina, PE, BrazilEmbrapa Semiárido, Caixa Postal 23, 56302-970 - Petrolina, PE, Brasil.

*Corresponding author< barbara.dantas@embrapa.br>

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Embrapa Semiárido, Caixa Postal 23, 56302-970 - Petrolina, PE, Brasil. Embrapa SemiáridoBrazilPetrolina, PE, BrazilEmbrapa Semiárido, Caixa Postal 23, 56302-970 - Petrolina, PE, Brasil.

Tables | Formulas

Tables (8)
Formulas (2)

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Table 1
Average monthly and annual precipitation (mm) and evaporation (mm) information collected from Embrapa Semiárido - Bebedouro Metheorological Station (Petrolina - Pernambuco state).

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Table 2
100-seed weight, water content, density and diameter of A. colubrina seeds with different sizes and collected in 2012 and 2013 at Jutaí - Pernambuco state.

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Table 3
Germination (G), mean germination rate (MGR), mean germination time (MGT), germination speed index (GSI), first count (FCG) and final count of normal seedlings (FING) originated from seeds of A. colubrina of different sizes and collected in 2012 and 2013 in Jutaí-Pernambuco state.

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Table 4
Shoot (SG) and root (RG) growth, shoot (SFM) and root (RFM) fresh matter, aerial shoot (SDM) and root (RDM) dry matter of A. colubrina seedlings originated from seeds of A. colubrina of different sizes and collected in 2012 and 2013 in Jutaí - Pernambuco state.

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Table 5
First count (FCC) and final count (CT) of normal seedlings submitted to cold test (10 ºC) for 10 days, and electric conductivity (EC) originated from seeds of A. colubrina of different sizes and collected in 2012 and 2013 in Jutaí - Pernambuco state.

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Table 6
Emergence (E%), mean emergence rate (MER), mean emergence time (MET) and emergence speed index (ESI) originated from seeds of A. colubrina of different sizes and collected in 2012 and 2013 in Jutaí - Pernambuco state, submitted to emergence test in washed sand in a greenhouse with 50% shading for 10 days.

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Table 7
Shoot (SGE) and root (RGE) growth, shoot (SFME) and root (RFME) fresh matter, shoot (SDME) and root (RDME) dry matter of seedlings originated from seeds of A. colubrina of different sizes and collected in 2012 and 2013 in Jutaí - Pernambuco state, submitted to emergence test in washed sand, in a greenhouse with 50% shading for 10 days.

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Table 8
Pearson correlation coefficients between variables about physical and physiological characteristics of A. colubrina with different sizes and collected in 2012 and 2013 in Jutaí - Pernambuco state.

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Table 1 Average monthly and annual precipitation (mm) and evaporation (mm) information collected from Embrapa Semiárido - Bebedouro Metheorological Station (Petrolina - Pernambuco state).

Average precipitation (mm)
Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	$\bar{x}$
2013	70.8	0.0	4.2	37.8	7.3	4.4	9.5	1.9	1.1	0.8	25.5	184.5	347.8
2012	6.3	61.5	4.0	0.0	14.3	5.7	0.9	2.4	0.0	0.0	11.9	0.2	107.2
2011	12.2	19.9	73.3	89.8	68.2	2.0	5.7	21.1	0.0	0.6	14.8	27.9	335.5
Average evaporation (mm)
Year	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	$\bar{x}$
2013	8.1	9.3	9.3	7.9	6.7	6.8	6.8	8.1	9.9	10.1	8.6	7.0	8.2
2012	8.9	7.3	8.2	8.0	6.8	7.0	7.0	7.9	9.1	9.8	8.3	9.8	8.2
2011	6.8	6.9	5.9	6.2	5.1	5.7	6.5	7.5	9.0	8.1	7.9	8.6	7.0

Table 2 100-seed weight, water content, density and diameter of A. colubrina seeds with different sizes and collected in 2012 and 2013 at Jutaí - Pernambuco state.

Lots	100-seed weight (g)			Average	Moisture content (%)			Average
Lots	S	M	L		S	M	L
2012	6.18	10.36	14.92	10.48 b	6.27 bB	6.75 aA	6.92 aA	6.65 a
2013	6.45	12.88	15.02	11.45 a	6.57 aA	6.50 bA	6.62 bA	6.56 a
Average	6.32 C	11.62 B	14.97 A		6.42 B	6.62 A	6.77 A
CV (%) = 10.10					CV (%) = 2.31
	Density (g/mL)			Average	Diameter (cm)			Average
	S	M	L		S	M	L
2012	0.55 aC	0.63 aB	0.81 aA	0.66 a	0.94 aC	1.14 aB	1.35 aA	1.15 a
2013	0.55 aB	0.65 aA	0.67 bA	0.62 b	0.91 aC	1.05 bB	1.38 aA	1.12 b
Average	0.55 C	0.64 B	0.74 A		0.93 C	1.10 B	1.37 A
CV (%) = 6.48					CV (%) = 2.87

Averages followed by the same letter, lowercase in the columns and upper case in the lines, do not differ from each other by Tukey’s test at 5%.

Table 3 Germination (G), mean germination rate (MGR), mean germination time (MGT), germination speed index (GSI), first count (FCG) and final count of normal seedlings (FING) originated from seeds of A. colubrina of different sizes and collected in 2012 and 2013 in Jutaí-Pernambuco state.

Lots	G (% radicle emission)			Average	MGT (dias)			Average
Lots	S	M	L		S	M	L
2012	73.00	79.00	77.00	76.33 a	1.14	1.27	1.29	1.23 b
2013	53.00	68.00	50.00	57.00 b	1.73	1.70	2.34	1.93 a
Average	63.00 A	73.50 A	63.50 A		1.44 A	1.49 A	1.82 A
CV (%) = 14.36				CV (%) = 22.26
	MGR (radicle.day^-1)			Average	GSI			Average
	S	M	L		S	M	L
2012	0.88	0.78	0.80	0.82 a	17.70 aA	18.00 aA	17.83 aA	17.85 a
2013	0.62	0.60	0.43	0.55 b	9.33 bAB	12.72 bA	7.45 bB	9.84 b
Average	0.75 A	0.69 A	0.61 A		13.52 AB	15.36 A	12.64 B
CV (%) = 19.35				CV (%) = 13.85
Lots	FCG (%)			Average	FING (%)			Average
Lots	S	M	L		P	M	G
2012	49.00 aA	46.00 aA	56.00 aA	50.33 a	67.00	69.00	65.00	67.00 a
2013	19.00 bAB	26.00 bA	5.00 bB	16.66 b	35.00	47.00	35.00	39.00 b
Average	34.00 A	36.00 A	30.50 A		51.00 A	58.00 A	50.00 A
CV (%) = 29.88					CV (%) = 18.87

Averages followed by the same letter, lowercase in the columns and upper case in the lines, do not differ from each other by Tukey’s test at 5%.

Table 4 Shoot (SG) and root (RG) growth, shoot (SFM) and root (RFM) fresh matter, aerial shoot (SDM) and root (RDM) dry matter of A. colubrina seedlings originated from seeds of A. colubrina of different sizes and collected in 2012 and 2013 in Jutaí - Pernambuco state.

Lots	SG (cm)			Average	RG (cm)			Average
Lots	S	M	L		S	M	l
2012	5.15 bC	5.71 aB	7.05 aA	5.97 a	7.55	8.92	11.13	9.20 a
2013	5.75 aA	6.12 aA	5.63 bA	5.83 a	5.36	6.48	6.77	6.20 b
Average	5.45 C	5.91 B	6.34 A		6.45 B	7.70 AB	8.95 A
CV (%) = 4.73					CV (%) = 17.93
Lots	SFM (g)			Average	RFM (g)			Average
Lots	S	M	L			S		M	L
2012	0.61 aB	0.80 aB	1.17 aA	0.86 a		0.27		0.50	0.51	0.42 a
2013	0.44 bB	0.84 aA	0.88 bA	0.72 b		0.15		0.34	0.43	0.31 b
Average	0.53 C	0.82 B	1.02 A			0.21 B		0.42 A	0.47 A
CV (%) = 13.82					CV (%) = 24.48
	SDM (g)			Average		RDM (g)			Average
	S	M	L			S		M	L
2012	0.10 aB	0.13 aB	0.20 aA	0.14 a		0.07		0.11	0.14	0.11 a
2013	0.08 aB	0.13 aA	0.13 bA	0.12 b		0.04		0.08	0.10	0.07 b
Average	0.09 C	0.13 B	0.17 A			0.06 B		0.09 A	0.12 A
CV (%) = 13.88				CV (%) = 25.62

Averages followed by the same letter, lowercase in the columns and upper case in the lines, do not differ among themselves by Tukey’s test at 5%.

Table 5 First count (FCC) and final count (CT) of normal seedlings submitted to cold test (10 ºC) for 10 days, and electric conductivity (EC) originated from seeds of A. colubrina of different sizes and collected in 2012 and 2013 in Jutaí - Pernambuco state.

Lots	FCC (%)			Average	CT (%)			Average
	S	M	L		S	M	L
2012	7.00	15.00	8.00	10.00 b	8.00	15.00	17.00	13.33 b
2013	19.00	39.00	33.00	30.33 a	21.00	38.00	34.00	31.00 a
Average	13.00 A	27.00 A	20.50 A		14.50 A	26.50 A	25.00 A
CV (%) = 32.48					CV (%) = 25.31
EC (μS.cm^-1.g^-1)
Lots		Size					Averages
		S		M	L
Lot 2012		930		1.270	1.410		1.210 a
Lot 2013		810		1.120	1.310		1.080 a
Average		870 B		1.200 A	1.360 A
CV (%) = 14.88

Averages followed by the same letter, lowercase in the columns and upper case in the lines, do not differ among themselves by Tukey’s test at 5%.

Table 6 Emergence (E%), mean emergence rate (MER), mean emergence time (MET) and emergence speed index (ESI) originated from seeds of A. colubrina of different sizes and collected in 2012 and 2013 in Jutaí - Pernambuco state, submitted to emergence test in washed sand in a greenhouse with 50% shading for 10 days.

Lots	E%			Average	MET (dias)			Average
Lots	S	M	L		S	M	L
2012	15.97 bB	29.86 aA	29.16 bA	25.00 b	5.06	4.24	5.24	4.85 a
2013	36.80 aAB	31.25 aB	47.91 aA	38.65 a	4.82	4.91	4.78	4.84 a
Average	26.38 B	30.55 AB	38.54 A		4.94 A	4.58 A	5.01 A
CV (%) = 20.02					CV (%) = 13.55
	MER (seedlings.day^-1)			Average	ESI			Average
	S	M	L		S	M	L
2012	1.24 bB	2.90 aA	2.12 bA	2.08 b	0.20	0.25	0.19	0.21 a
2013	2.97 aB	2.40 aB	3.82 aA	3.06 a	0.20	0.20	0.21	0.20 a
Average	2.10 A	2.65 A	2.97 A		0.20 A	0.22 A	0.20 A
CV (%) = 27.64					CV (%) = 17.94

Averages followed by the same letter, lowercase in the columns and upper case in the lines, do not differ among themselves by Tukey’s test at 5%.

Table 7 Shoot (SGE) and root (RGE) growth, shoot (SFME) and root (RFME) fresh matter, shoot (SDME) and root (RDME) dry matter of seedlings originated from seeds of A. colubrina of different sizes and collected in 2012 and 2013 in Jutaí - Pernambuco state, submitted to emergence test in washed sand, in a greenhouse with 50% shading for 10 days.

Lots	SGE (cm)			Average	RGE (cm)			Average
Lots	S	M	L		S	M	L
2012	4.04 aA	3.29 aB	3.73 aAB	3.69 a	8.54	11.02	10.00	9.85 a
2013	2.61 bB	3.06 aB	3.82 aA	3.16 b	9.08	8.98	10.13	9.39 a
Average	3.33 B	3.17 B	3.78 A		8.81 A	10.00 A	10.06 A
CV (%) = 9.79					CV (%) = 13.26
Lots	SFME (g)			Average	RFME (g)			Average
Lots	S	M	L		S	M	L
2012	0.36 bB	1.21 aA	1.13 bA	0.90 b	0.31 bB	1.21 aA	1.21 aA	0.91 a
2013	0.75 aC	1.29 aB	1.81 aA	1.28 a	0.76 aB	0.64 bB	1.19 aA	0.86 a
Average	0.56 C	1.25 B	1.47 A		0.53 C	0.92 B	1.20 A
CV (%) = 13.44					CV (%) = 20.90
	SDME (g)			Average	RDME (g)			Average
	S	M	L			S	M	L
2012	0.11 bB	0.38 aA	0.36 bA		0.29 b	0.06 bB	0.17 aA	0.17 aA	0.13 a
2013	0.25 aC	0.42 aB	0.62 aA		0.43 a	0.12 aB	0.13 aB	0.19 aA	0.15 a
Average	0.18 C	0.40 B	0.49 A			0.09 B	0.15 A	0.18 A
CV (%) = 14.91					CV (%) = 23.27

Averages followed by the same letter, lowercase in the columns and upper case in the lines, do not differ among themselves by Tukey’s test at 5%.

Table 8 Pearson correlation coefficients between variables about physical and physiological characteristics of A. colubrina with different sizes and collected in 2012 and 2013 in Jutaí - Pernambuco state.

	S	W100	MC	D	Ø	G%	GSI	FCG	FING
Year	0.00	0.12853	-0.16949	-0.20723	-0.07825	-0.69455*	-0.87012*	-0.82503*	-0.82448*
S		0.93919*	0.59032*	0.81932*	0.96824*	0.02985	-0.07761	-0.03125	-0.02404
W100			0.49668*	0.73264*	0.86885*	0.00987	-0.16191	-0.10138	-0.11466
MC				0.62475*	0.55134*	0.10485	0.13888	0.29128	0.11514
D					0.75401*	0.21328	0.22331	0.3126	0.17611
Ø						0.01838	-0.079	-0.02775	-0.01054
G%							0.8504*	0.69056*	0.81448*
GSI								0.91108*	0.93325*
FCG									0.84903*
FINCNS
	SG	RG	SDM	RDM	CT	EC	E%	SDME	RDME
Year	-0.10511	-0.74616*	-0.34648	-0.45824*	0.61649*	-0.23917	0.61948*	0.44761*	0.11928
S	0.57528*	0.24288	0.76111*	0.68134*	0.31341	0.7704*	0.45008*	0.77802*	0.69508*
W100	0.51906*	0.16414	0.66922*	0.56595*	0.45551*	0.72589*	0.40594*	0.74665*	0.59457*
MC	0.56426*	0.45507*	0.60681*	0.61031*	0.0225	0.62636*	0.259	0.36283	0.52078*
D	0.83830*	0.51414*	0.86072*	0.67815*	0.02967	0.58187*	0.17027	0.4527*	0.51362*
Ø	0.47439*	0.24779	0.68786*	0.65482*	0.21991	0.75799*	0.45603*	0.72835*	0.65537*
G%	0.13857	0.63261*	0.35768	0.44767*	-0.30742	0.30516	-0.53926*	-0.16775	0.07466
GSI	0.19051	0.76936*	0.38876	0.48767*	-0.44349*	0.20049	-0.68534*	-0.41*	-0.12397
FCG	0.33297	0.81469*	0.40607*	0.5018*	-0.54068*	0.21614	-0.59861*	-0.45329*	-0.15543
FING	0.12342	0.69810*	0.39720	0.55594*	-0.42814*	0.23331	-0.53362*	-0.30513	-0.00616
SG		0.54549*	0.78052*	0.49186*	-0.01475	0.37261	0.13085	0.2766	0.44132*
RG			0.67261*	0.69779*	-0.2897	0.34584	-0.42975*	-0.20762	0.13672
SDM				0.83666*	0.14701	0.58867*	0.06327	0.39609	0.5819*
RDM					0.05832	0.6027*	0.00532	0.36904	0.5669*
CT						0.1462	0.37824	0.54438*	0.28395
EC							0.26817	0.56589*	0.52138*
E%								0.74746*	0.58823*
SDME									0.80415*

S: size; W100: 100-seed weight; MC: moisture content; D: density; Ø: diameter; G%: germination percentage; GSI: germination speed index; FCG: first count of normal germination test seedlings; FING: final count of normal germination test seedlings; SG: shoot growth of normal seedlings from the germination test; RG: root growth of normal seedlings from the germination test; SDM: shoot dry mass from the germination test; RDM: root dry matter of normal seedlings from the test of germination; CT: final count of normal seedlings from the cold test; EC: electrical conductivity test; E%: substrate emergence; ERI: emergence rate index; SDME: shoot dry matter of emergence test seedlings; RDME: root dry matter of the emergence test. Dark green - strong correlation between variables, light green - medium correlation between variables; yellow - weak correlation between variables.

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ABRATES - Associação Brasileira de Tecnologia de Sementes Av. Juscelino Kubitschek, 1400 - 3° Andar, sala 31 - Centro,, CEP 86020-000 Londrina/PR - Londrina - PR - Brazil
E-mail: jss@abrates.org.br

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Size and vigor of <i>Anadenanthera colubrina</i> (Vell.) Brenan seeds harvested in Caatinga areas

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[1] *Corresponding author< barbara.dantas@embrapa.br>