Association between the artificial aging test and the natural storage of coffee seeds

The accelerated aging test is recognized as an efficient method for evaluating the vigor of seed lots and for estimating their storage potential. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the association between artificial aging and natural storage of coffee seeds, through the correlation factor analysis. Seeds of four cultivars of Coffea arabica L. (Catuaí Amarelo, Arara, Catiguá, and Mundo Novo) and one of Coffea canephora Pierre (Apoatã) were used. Part of the newly-harvested seeds were aged in a growth chamber under controlled temperature and relative humidity conditions (42 ºC and 100% RH) for periods of 0, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days. The other part of the seeds was stored in tri-wall paper packaging for a period of 2, 4, and 6 months in a non-climate-controlled environment. Artificial aging allows predictions on the storage potential of coffee seeds, although the artificial aging periods depend on the cultivars.

Index terms:
vigor test; Coffea cultivars; germination

Authorship

Tatiana Botelho Fantazzini

Departamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, 37.200-000 - Lavras, MG, Brasil. Universidade Federal de LavrasBrazilLavras, MG, BrazilDepartamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, 37.200-000 - Lavras, MG, Brasil.

Dellyzete Veiga Franco da Rosa ^**Corresponding author <stella.rosa@embrapa.br>

Embrapa Café, Parque Estação Biológica PqEB, 70770-90 - Brasília, DF, Brasil.Embrapa CaféBrazilBrasília, DF, BrazilEmbrapa Café, Parque Estação Biológica PqEB, 70770-90 - Brasília, DF, Brasil.

Cristiane Carvalho Pereira

Diego de Sousa Pereira

Marcelo Ângelo Cirillo

Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, 37.200-000 - Lavras, MG, Brasil. Universidade Federal de LavrasBrazilLavras, MG, BrazilDepartamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, 37.200-000 - Lavras, MG, Brasil.

Paulo César Ossani

*Corresponding author <stella.rosa@embrapa.br>

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (3)
Tables (5)

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Figure 1
Biplot graphs of the scores obtained from the artificial aging periods (0, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days) and the natural storage periods (2, 4 and 6 months) of Catuaí Amarelo (a), Arara (b), Catiguá (c) and Mundo Novo (d) cultivars, for the seed germination results.

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Figure 2
Biplot graph of the scores obtained from the artificial aging periods (0, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days) and the natural storage periods (2, 4 and 6 months) of Apoatã (C. canephora) cultivar, for the seed germination results.

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Figure 3
Biplot graph of the scores obtained from the artificial aging periods (0, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days) and the natural storage periods (2, 4 and 6 months) of all cultivars together, for the seed germination results.

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Table 1
Mean values of moisture content of coffee seeds before and after each artificial aging period.

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Table 2
Mean values of germination percentage of coffee cultivars submitted to different periods of accelerated aging and natural storage.

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Table 3
Linear correlation coefficients between the artificial aging periods (E) of 0, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days, and the natural storage periods (EN) of 2, 4 and 6 months, for the germination values of the coffee cultivar seeds.

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Table 4
Estimates of the variance, percentage of variance and cumulative variance of the first two factors obtained from the cultivars Catuaí Amarelo, Arara, Catiguá, Mundo Novo and Apoatã (C. canephora) and from all cultivars together.

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Table 5
Factor loading values of the first two factors and communalities obtained for the Catuaí Amarelo, Arara, Catiguá, Mundo Novo and Apoatã cultivars, in separate, and for all cultivars together, when submitted to different artificial aging periods (0, 4, 6 , 8 and 10 days) and different natural storage periods (2, 4 and 6 months).

Figure 1 Biplot graphs of the scores obtained from the artificial aging periods (0, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days) and the natural storage periods (2, 4 and 6 months) of Catuaí Amarelo (a), Arara (b), Catiguá (c) and Mundo Novo (d) cultivars, for the seed germination results.

Figure 2 Biplot graph of the scores obtained from the artificial aging periods (0, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days) and the natural storage periods (2, 4 and 6 months) of Apoatã (C. canephora) cultivar, for the seed germination results.

Figure 3 Biplot graph of the scores obtained from the artificial aging periods (0, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days) and the natural storage periods (2, 4 and 6 months) of all cultivars together, for the seed germination results.

Table 1 Mean values of moisture content of coffee seeds before and after each artificial aging period.

Cultivars	Periods of artificial accelerated aging (days)
Cultivars	0	4	6	8	10
Catuaí Amarelo	13.0	28.7	31.9	36.9	42.8
Arara	13.2	27.8	32.7	34.4	40.6
Catiguá	12.9	30.9	35.8	38.7	42.3
Mundo Novo	12.8	32.2	36.9	38.4	41.5
Apoatã (C. canephora)	17.6	30.9	34.1	36.3	40.0

Table 2 Mean values of germination percentage of coffee cultivars submitted to different periods of accelerated aging and natural storage.

Treatments	Cultivars
	Germination (%)
	Catuaí	Arara	Catiguá	Mundo Novo	Apoatã (Coffea canephora)
0 days	84 A	64 B	79 A	80 A	88 A
4 days	79 A	60 B	63 B	75 A	52 C
6 days	81 A	62 B	66 B	73 A	48 C
8 days	68 B	52 C	60 B	48 B	40 D
10 days	65 B	45 C	36 C	46 B	4.0 E
2 months	82 A	75 A	75 A	81 A	68 B
4 months	24 C	43 C	26 C	11 C	1.0 E
6 months	0.0 D	10 D	1.0 D	0.0 D	0.0 E
CV (%)	13.96

*Means followed by the same uppercase letter in the column do not differ statistically from each other at 5% significance, according to the Scott-Knott test.

Table 3 Linear correlation coefficients between the artificial aging periods (E) of 0, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days, and the natural storage periods (EN) of 2, 4 and 6 months, for the germination values of the coffee cultivar seeds.

	Coffea cultivars
	Catuaí	Arara	Catiguá	Mundo Novo	Apoatã (Coffea canephora)
E0 x EN2	0.1667	-0.4115	-0.5863	-0.1826	0.5774
E0 x EN4	-0.6420	0.3177	0.4973	-0.5717	-0.9045
E0 x EN6	0.0000	0.3273	0.2075	0.0000	0.0000
E4 x EN2	0.9528^*	-0.1641	0.0434	0.7502	0.0000
E4 x EN4	-0.0856	-0.3042	-0.9633^*	0.4057	-0.4924
E4 x EN6	0.0000	-0.4352	-0.5103	0.0000	0.0000
E6 x EN2	-0.9201	0.0442	-0.1497	0.2582	-0.4714
E6 x EN4	0.2215	-0.2046	-0.9925^**	0.0269	0.7385
E6 xEN6	0.0000	-0.3746	-0.1741	0.0000	0.0000
E8 x EN2	-0.2887	0.6172	0.8291	0.6000	0.7303
E8 x EN4	-0.9885^*	0.8897	-0.4781	0.9393	-0.7628
E8 x EN6	0.0000	0.7638	-0.6428	0.0000	0.0000
E10 x EN2	-0.3282	-0.3333	0.3928	-0.2582	0.8165
E10 x EN4	-0.9747^*	-0.3775	-0.5285	-0.7276	-0.4264
E10 x EN6	0.0000	-0.4714	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000

** significant at 1% probability * significant at 5% probability

Table 4 Estimates of the variance, percentage of variance and cumulative variance of the first two factors obtained from the cultivars Catuaí Amarelo, Arara, Catiguá, Mundo Novo and Apoatã (C. canephora) and from all cultivars together.

Cultivars	Number of factors	Variance	Cumulative variance (%)
Catuaí Amarelo	1	4.4333	55.42
	2	2.3298	29.12
	Total	6.7631	84.54
Arara	1	4.1064	51.33
	2	2.5562	31.95
	Total	6.6626	83.28
Catiguá	1	3.9066	48.83
	2	2.7839	34.80
	Total	6.6905	83.63
Mundo Novo	1	4.5326	56.66
	2	2.6350	32.94
	Total	7.1676	89.60
Apoatã (C. canephora)	1	5.1286	64.11
	2	2.4798	31.00
	Total	7.6084	95.11
All cultivars together	1	3.5937	44.92
	2	2.4601	30.75
	Total	6.0538	75.67

Table 5 Factor loading values of the first two factors and communalities obtained for the Catuaí Amarelo, Arara, Catiguá, Mundo Novo and Apoatã cultivars, in separate, and for all cultivars together, when submitted to different artificial aging periods (0, 4, 6 , 8 and 10 days) and different natural storage periods (2, 4 and 6 months).

Factor	Catuaí Amarelo cultivar
	Artificial aging periods				Natural storage periods
	0 days	4 days	6 days	8 days	10 days	2 months	4 months	6 months
1	0.920	-0.849	0.277	-0.837	-0.595	0.959	0.329	0.842
2	-0.378	0.307	-0.925	-0.513	0.618	0.285	0.594	0.398
Communality	0.989	0.815	0.933	0.964	0.735	1.000	0.461	0.867
Factor	Arara cultivar
	Artificial aging periods				Natural storage periods
	0 days	4 days	6 days	8 days	10 days	2 months	4 months	6 months
1	-0.358	-0.806	-0.145	-0.723	-0.983	0.667	-0.930	0.713
2	0.893	-0.592	0.921	0.076	-0.007	0.543	-0.026	-0.508
Communality	0.925	0.999	0.869	0.529	0.967	0.740	0.866	0.767
Factor	Catiguá cultivar
	Artificial aging periods				Natural storage periods
	0 days	4 days	6 days	8 days	10 days	2 months	4 months	6 months
1	0.397	-0.686	-0.068	-0.935	-0.938	0.460	0.963	0.618
2	-0.848	-0.549	-0.984	-0.339	0.073	-0.758	-0.177	0.265
Communality	0.877	0.772	0.972	0.990	0.884	0.785	0.958	0.452
Factor	Mundo Novo cultivar
	Artificial aging periods				Natural storage periods
	0 days	4 days	6 days	8 days	10 days	2 months	4 months	6 months
1	-0.943	-0.878	-0.107	0.902	-0.882	0.741	-0.287	-0.798
2	-0.182	0.326	-0.986	-0.340	0.365	-0.153	-0.943	-0.601
Communality	0.923	0.877	0.984	0.929	0.912	0.573	0.972	0.999
Factor	Apoatã (C. canephora) cultivar
	Artificial aging periods				Natural storage periods
	0 days	4 days	6 days	8 days	10 days	2 months	4 months	6 months
1	-0.147	0.882	-0.737	0.955	0.850	0.991	-0.578	-0.914
2	0.987	-0.466	0.672	0.124	0.392	0.031	-0.809	0.110
Communality	0.996	0.995	0.994	0.927	0.877	0.983	0.989	0.847
Factor	All cultivars together
	Artificial aging periods				Natural storage periods
	0 days	4 days	6 days	8 days	10 days	2 months	4 months	6 months
1	0.246	-0.774	-0.823	-0.774	-0.934	-0.728	-0.499	-0.078
2	-0.802	-0.46	-0.283	-0.036	0.044	-0.136	0.811	0.919
Communality	0.704	0.811	0.758	0.601	0.874	0.548	0.907	0.851

*Coefficient of correlation: < 0.3 (weak correlation); 0.3 ≤ CS < 0.5 (low correlation); 0.5 ≤ CS < 0.7 (moderate correlation); 0.7 ≤ CS < 0.9 (high correlation); 0.9 ≤ CS < 1.0 (strong correlation).

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Association between the artificial aging test and the natural storage of coffee seeds

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[1] *Corresponding author <stella.rosa@embrapa.br>