Environmental and physiological effects on cross-ability and seed production of greenhouse cucumber

Golabadi, Maryam; Ercisli, Sezai; Ahmadi, Forough

doi:10.1590/2317-1545v41n2175689

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • J. Seed Sci. 41 (2) • Apr-Jun 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v41n2175689 copy

Environmental and physiological effects on cross-ability and seed production of greenhouse cucumber

Efeitos ambientais e fisiológicos na capacidade de cruzamento e produção de sementes de pepino em estufa

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

Seed production depends on many factors. In this study, two independent experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of pollination time, crossed node spacing, male flower age, number of crossings on each plant and deletion/non-deletion of other fruits in the crossed nodes on the cross-ability and seed production in greenhouse cucumber. In every experiment, three mentioned factors were assayed based on factorial experiment as a randomized complete block design. Crosses were done on 10 plants in every replication of treatments. The results showed that pollination at 8:00‒9:45 AM, led to higher amount of full seed weight in contrast to other times of pollination. Increasing crossed node spacing from 2‒3 to 4‒5 nodes led to an increase in the number of empty seeds, which was ascribed to the reduced seed production. The highest amount of number of seeds per fruit, seed weigh and number of full seeds were obtained when young male flowers were used. Moreover, higher seed production was obtained from five, instead three crossings on each plant, and the non-deletion of fruits on the crossed nodes. Overall, higher percentage of seed production per fruit was obtained when crossing was done with young male flower in early morning and high number of crossing in every plant.

Index terms:
pollination time; male flower age; crossed node spacing; seed production; Cucumis sativus L

ABRATES - Associação Brasileira de Tecnologia de Sementes Av. Juscelino Kubitschek, 1400 - 3° Andar, sala 31 - Centro,, CEP 86020-000 Londrina/PR - Londrina - PR - Brazil
E-mail: jss@abrates.org.br

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[1] *Corresponding author <mr.golabadi@gmail.com>

SV	df	Mean Squares
SV	df	Fruit length	Fruit diameter	Fruit weight	Seed production percentage in each fruit	Total dry seed weight	Empty seed weight	Full seed weight	Empty seed number	Full seed number
Block	5	3.31ns	0.06ns	672.86ns	0.05ns	0.01ns	0.02*	0.02ns	1004.44ns	0.06ns
(A)	2	12.89*	0.41*	1316.64ns	0.1ns	0.02ns	0.01ns	0.02ns	3373.5ns	0.12ns
(B)	1	0.10ns	1.86**	6580.97*	0.0001ns	0.01ns	0.01ns	0.01ns	20268.65**	0.00ns
(C)	1	27.57*	0.48*	4992.71*	2.81**	0.91**	0.07**	1.58**	11625.84*	3.21**
(AB)	2	8.49ns	0.07ns	561.60ns	0.02ns	0.01ns	0.01ns	0.01ns	1943.79ns	0.01ns
(AC)	2	5.12ns	0.12ns	1540.3ns	0.6**	0.33**	0.003ns	0.48**	99.43ns	0.72**
(BC)	1	18.34*	0.57*	320.97ns	0.1ns	0.07ns	0.003ns	0.13ns	61341.44**	0.18ns
(ABC)	2	9.38ns	0.18ns	1347.69ns	0.03ns	0.03ns	0.01ns	0.02ns	4247.23ns	0.04ns
Error	55	4.55	0.13	1075.23	0.08	0.04	0.01	0.05	2423.69	0.09
CV	-	8.77	2.12	8.3	2.2	11.11	16.13	19.96	14.09	0.71
Mean	-	24.3	17.02	395.26	12.85	1.80	0.62	1.12	349.48	41.93

Traits	Pollination time			Node distance		Male flower age
Traits	8-9:45	10-11:45	12-13:45	2-3	4-5	young	old
Fruit length	23.68 ab	23.54 b	24.88 a	24.07 a	24 a	23.41 b	24.65 a
Fruit diameter	17.06 ab	16.88 b	17.13 a	16.86 b	17.18 a	16.94 b	17.10 a
Fruit weight	397.16 a	387.08 a	401.52 a	385.70 b	404.82 a	386.94 b	403.59 a
Seed production percentage	13.56 a	12.20 a	12.78 a	12.82 a	12.88 a	17 a	8.69 b
Total dry seed weight	1.82 a	1.68 a	1.74 a	1.77 a	1.73 a	2.07 a	1.43 b
Empty seed weight	0.64 a	0.60 a	0.63 a	0.62 a	0.63 a	0.59 b	0.66 a
Full seed weight	1.17 a	1.07 a	1.11 a	1.15 a	1.09 a	1.47 a	0.77 b
Empty seed number	362.97 a	340.71 a	344.77 a	332.70 b	366.26 a	336.77 b	362.19 a
Full seed number	44.08 a	39.99 a	41.71 a	42.60 a	41.25 a	55.04 a	28.81 b

SV	df	Mean Squares
SV	df	Fruit length	Fruit diameter	Fruit weight	Seed production percentage in each fruit	Total dry seed weight	Empty seed weight	Full seed weight	Empty seed number	Full seed number
Block	5	0.53ns	0.08ns	823.22ns	20.63*	0.11*	0.01ns	0.12ns	4402.3ns	169.95*
(A)	2	0.03ns	0.04ns	65.66ns	1.99ns	0.02ns	0.01ns	0.01ns	733.92ns	3.31ns
(D)	1	0.72ns	6.01**	49.77ns	1016.23**	3.06**	0.37**	5.20**	74899.59**	10401.65**
(E)	1	0.59ns	2.95**	299.97ns	449.71**	1.95**	0.47**	3.91**	42415.34**	4614.73**
(AD)	2	0.01ns	0.01ns	44.88ns	1.48ns	0.01ns	0.003ns	0.01ns	967.27ns	16.69ns
(AE)	2	0.02ns	0.01ns	0.31ns	0.85ns	0.01ns	0.0009ns	0.01ns	2810.07ns	32.35ns
(DE)	1	0.32ns	0.43*	76.57ns	52.78**	0.07ns	0.16**	0.39*	12661.76*	249.74*
(ADE)	2	0.11ns	0.02ns	36.16ns	2.80ns	0.03ns	0.001ns	0.02ns	1061.42ns	46.20ns
Error	55	0.28	0.13	490.27	7.33	0.05	0.01	0.06	2297.4	62.39
CV	-	2.22	2.13	5.65	19.01	11.18	12.5	19.91	11.82	17.61
Mean	-	23.63	17.16	391.88	14.20	2.00	0.80	1.23	405.63	44.86

Traits	Pollination time			Cross number		Fruit deletion
Traits	8-9:45	10-11:45	12-13:45	3 crossing	5 crossing	Deletion other fruits in crossed nodes	Not deletion other fruits in crossed nodes
Fruit length	23.60 a	23.67 a	23.63 a	23.73 a	23.53 a	23.72 a	23.54 a
Fruit diameter	17.20 a	17.12 a	17.15 a	17.45 a	16.87 b	17.36 a	16.96 b
Fruit weight	391.83 a	390.26 a	393.56 a	391.05 a	392.71 a	389.84 a	393.92 a
Seed production percentage	14.63 a	13.90 a	13.86 a	11.37 b	17.20 a	11.14 b	17.32 a
Total dry seed weight	2.03 a	1.97 a	2.00 a	1.80 b	2.21 a	1.84 b	2.17 a
Empty seed weight	0.81 a	0.78 a	0.82 a	0.87 a	0.73 b	0.88 a	0.72 b
Full seed weight	1.25 a	1.22 a	1.21 a	0.96 b	1.50 a	0.99 b	1.46 a
Empty seed number	410.79 a	399.79 a	406.30 a	437.88 a	373.37 b	429.90 a	381.35 b
Full seed number	45.17 a	44.45 a	44.95 a	32.84 b	56.88 a	36.85 b	52.86 a