Digital image processing of coated perennial-soybean seeds and correlation with physiological atributes

Acha, Amanda Justino; Vieira, Henrique Duarte

doi:10.1590/2317-1545v42227516

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ARTICLE • J. Seed Sci. 42 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v42227516 copy

Digital image processing of coated perennial-soybean seeds and correlation with physiological atributes

Processamento digital de imagens de sementes de soja perene revestidas e correlação com atributos fisiológicos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

Perennial soybean (Neonotonia wightii) is a Fabaceae with potential to be used in consortium with Poaceae plants to improve pasture quality. In order to add value to perennial soybean seeds and improve their seed distribution, seeds coated with different materials in coating machine were characterized by digital image analysis and physical attributes related to physiological attributes in order to define the ideal amount and material to be used in the coating. Different material quantities were tested, 150 g, 200 g and 250 g, divided into layers, namely: sand, calcium silicate + sand and limestone + sand. Coating promoted maximum increments of approximately 350% in seed mass and significant increases of up to 230% in area, 154% in maximum diameter, 162% in minimum diameter, 167% in contained diameter and 152% in perimeter. The coating was also efficient in reducing the moisture of the pellets by increasing the layers that cover the seeds. The sand + limestone combination resulted in the largest pellets. The combination of sand + silicate did not interfere with plant speed and formation. Thus, it was considered the appropriate material for the coating of perennial soybean seeds.

Index terms:
seed coating; silicate; pellets; digital image analysis; Neonotonia wightii

ABRATES - Associação Brasileira de Tecnologia de Sementes Av. Juscelino Kubitschek, 1400 - 3° Andar, sala 31 - Centro,, CEP 86020-000 Londrina/PR - Londrina - PR - Brazil
E-mail: jss@abrates.org.br

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[1] *Corresponding author
E-mail: amandajacha@gmail.com

Variable	Definition	Formula
Fine-tuning	It is a process of reducing the amount of pixels in an image, which consists in removing all redundant pixels producing a new simplified image. (Gonzalez and Woods, 2008GONZALEZ, R.C.; WOODS, R.E. Digital image processing. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2008. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/15bd/427a1a5f9bc57a7f67fb1b1fc85c5bb39f46.pdf https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/15bd/42... )	Where A is the area, p is the perimeter and 4π is the normalization factor
Irregular contour	Sets the level of tuning of the object	T = Where P stands for perimeter and PC stands for convex perimeter
Contour deformation	Detects and counts the amount of “gaps” between the convex perimeter and the original perimeter of an object	-
Area (cm²)	Corresponding to the amount of space an object’s surface has	Where p represents one image pixel and R represents object pixels
Maximum diameter (cm)	It is the longest line that goes through the centroid	-
Minimum diameter (cm)	It is the shortest line that goes through the centroid	-
Contained diameter (cm)	It is the largest diameter of the circumference that fits within the object	-
Perimeter (cm)	It is the measure of the contour of a two-dimensional object, that is, the sum of all sides of a geometric figure	2 (bh) - rectangle 2r - circle

Treatments*	Area (cm²)	MAXD (cm)	MIND (cm)	CONT (cm)	Perimeter (cm)
A6	0.051 d¹	0.288 e	0.218 e	0.210 e	0.873 d
A8	0.062 bc	0.320 cd	0.238 cd	0.228 cd	0.967 c
A10	0.070 b	0.343 b	0.245 c	0.236 c	1.037 b
AS6	0.053 d	0.299 de	0.220 e	0.213 de	0.880 d
AS8	0.065 bc	0.327 bc	0.243 cd	0.239 bc	0.965 c
AS10	0.066 bc	0.328 bc	0.251 bc	0.246 bc	0.970 c
AC6	0.058 cd	0.308 cde	0.229 de	0.218 de	0.928 cd
AC8	0.079 a	0.365 a	0.263 ab	0.255 ab	1.087 ab
AC10	0.083 a	0.374 a	0.272 a	0.265 a	1.112 a
Intact seed	0.036	0.243	0.168	0.159	0.732
Scarified seed	0.036	0.250	0.163	0.156	0.736
CV%	5.54	2.78	2.78	3.04	2.68

Treatments^*	Fine-tuning	Contour irregularity	Contour deformation
A6	0.840 cd¹	0.029 ab	26.340 e
A8	0.838 cd	0.029 ab	27.816 de
A10	0.817 d	0.032 a	27.655 de
AS6	0.869 ab	0.023 c	33.349 bc
AS8	0.874 a	0.023 c	36.165 ab
AS10	0.880 a	0.023 c	36.665 a
AC6	0.839 cd	0.028 b	28.390 de
AC8	0.836 cd	0.028 b	30.550 cd
AC10	0.845 bc	0.027 b	31.736 c
Intact seeds	0.840	0.29	30.260
Scarified seeds	0.840	0.28	31.162
CV%	1.21	5.03	4.48

Treatments*	Shoot length (cm)	Dry shoot mass (g/pl)	Root length (cm)	Root dry mass (g/pl)
A6	1.42 ± 0.38¹	2.91 ± 2.44	18.45 ± 0.97	5.54 ± 5.46
A8	1.28 ± 0.32	0.65 ± 0.31	18.59 ± 1.06	1.20 ± 0.68
A10	0.99 ± 0.21	0.20 ± 0.13	21.19 ± 2.74	0.32 ± 0.26
AS6	1.26 ± 0.32	1.86 ± 0.50	18.80 ± 0.79	3.49 ± 2.40
AS8	1.22 ± 0.39	2.27 ± 1.51	20.17 ± 3.93	2.12 ± 1.54
AS10	1.21 ± 0.29	1.42 ± 1.04	19.52 ± 1.58	2.28 ± 1.88
AC6	0.95 ± 0.66	2.22 ± 2.42	19.21 ± 1.70	2.89 ± 3.00
AC8	1.04 ±0.31	0.28 ± 0.10	17.23 ± 4.95	0.52 ± 0.26
AC10	1.56 ± 0.53	0.69 ± 0.69	25.74 ± 8.27	0.78 ± 0.75
Intact seeds	1.09 ± 0.40	1.36 ± 0.55	18.06 ± 1.34	1.74 ± 0.92
Scarified seeds	1.36 ± 0.32	2.87 ± 1.71	16.97 ± 1.35	4.30 ± 2.27

Sand	G	GSI	E	ESI
Area	-0.870*	-0.855*	-0.778*	-0.814*
MAXD	-0.869*	-0.857*	-0.788*	-0.818*
MIND	-0.846*	-0.816*	-0.727*	-0.768*
CORD	-0.885*	-0.870*	-0.701*	-0.739*
Perimeter	-0.882*	-0.864*	-0.789*	-0.823*
Silicate + sand	G	GSI	E	ESI
Area	0.215	0.175	-0.329	-0.393
MAXD	0.185	0.123	-0.301	-0.375
MIND	0.271	0.231	-0.294	-0.350
CORD	0.271	0.219	-0.295	-0.351
Perimeter	0.208	0.173	-0.331	-0.396
Limestone + sand	G	GSI	E	ESI
Area	-0.839*	-0.807*	-0.597*	-0.652*
MAXD	-0.842*	-0.813*	-0.597*	-0.651*
MIND	-0.831*	-0.785*	-0.586*	-0.659*
CORD	-0.815*	-0.773*	-0.588*	-0.666*
Perimeter	-0.832*	-0.800*	-0.605*	-0.657*