Correlations between vocabulary and phonological acquisition: number of words produced versus acquired consonants

Wiethan, Fernanda Marafiga; Mota, Helena Bolli; Moraes, Anaelena Bragança de

doi:10.1590/2317-1782/20162015108

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Original Article • CoDAS 28 (04) • Jul-Aug 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20162015108 copy

Correlations between vocabulary and phonological acquisition: number of words produced versus acquired consonants

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose

To verify the probable correlations between the number of word types and the number of consonants in the general phonological system in children with typical language development.

Methods

Study participants were 186 children aged one year and six months to five years, 11 months and 29 days who were monolingual Brazilian Portuguese speakers with typical language development. Data collection involved speech, language and hearing assessments and spontaneous speech recordings. Phonology was assessed with regard to the number of acquired consonants in the general phonological system, in each syllable structure and in Implicational Model of Feature Complexity (IMFC) levels. Vocabulary was assessed with regard to number of word types produced. These data were compared across age groups. After that, correlations between the word types produced and the variables established for the phonological system were analyzed. The significance level adopted was 5%.

Results

All phonological aspects evaluated presented gradual growth. Word types produced showed a similar behavior, though with a small regression at the age of five years. Different positive correlations occurred between the spoken word types and the variables analyzed in the phonological system. Only one negative correlation occurred with respect to the production of complex onset in the last age group analyzed.

Conclusion

The phonology and vocabulary of the study participants present similar behaviors. There are many positive correlations between the word types produced and the different aspects of phonology, except regarding complex onset.

Keywords:
Language and Hearing Sciences; Child; Language; Vocabulary; Speech

Age group	GPS/Simple onset				*Complex onset*					*Coda*
Age group	Mean	Min	Max	SD	Mean	Min	Max		SD	Mean	Min		Max	SD
(A)1:6-1: 11;29	4.8 ^{(F – M)}	3	8	1.8	0 ^{(K – M)}	0	0	0		0 ^{(H. J – M)}	0	0		0
(B) 2:0-2:3;29	9.9 ^{(G – M)}	5	15	3.0	0 ^{(K – M)}	0	0	0		0 ^{(H – M)}	0	0		0
(C) 2:4-2:7;29	12.8 ^{(G – M)}	8	18	3.1	0 ^{(K – M)}	0	0	0		0.1^{(H. J – M)}	0	1		0.4
(D) 2:8-2: 11;29	15.2 ^{(G – M)}	13	17	1.3	0.1 ^{(K – M)}	0	1	0.2		0.4^{(H. J – M)}	0	1		0.2
(E) 3:0-3:3;29	16.3 ^{(J – M)}	13	18	1.8	0 ^{(K – M)}	0	0	0		0.4^{(H. J – M)}	0	1		0.5
(F) 3:4-3:7;29	17.4 ^(A)	15	19	1.2	0.2 ^{(K – M)}	0	1	0.4		0.7^{(H. J – M)}	0	1		0.5
(G) 3:8-3: 11;29	17.7 ^{(A – B)}	15	19	1.2	0.3 ^{(K – M)}	0	2	0.6		0.8^{(H. J – M)}	0	1		0.4
(H) 4:0-4:3;29	18.4 ^{(A – D)}	17	19	0.8	0.3 ^(L.M)	0	2	0.6		1.9 ^{(A – G)}	1	2		0.3
(I) 4:4-4:7;29	18.3 ^{(A – D)}	17	19	0.7	0.8	0	2	0.9		1.3 ^(B)	1	2		0.5
(J) 4:8-4: 11;29	18.7 ^{(A - E)}	18	19	0.5	0.9	0	2	0.8		1.9 ^{(A – G)}	1	2		0.3
(K) 5:0-5:3;29	18.9 ^{(A - E)}	18	19	0.3	1.5 ^{(A – G)}	0	2	0.7		1.9^{(A – G)}	1	2		0.3
(L) 5:4-5:7;29	18.7 ^{(A - E)}	18	19	0.5	1.5 ^{(A – H)}	1	2	0.5		1.9^{(A – G)}	1	2		0.3
(M) 5:8-5: 11;29	18.9 ^{(A - E)}	18	19	0.3	1.5 ^{(A – H)}	0	2	0.6		1.9^{(A – G)}	1	2		0.3

Age group	S0, L1, L2				L3, L4, L5				L6, L7, L8, L9
Age group	Mean	Min	Max	SD	Mean	Min	Max	SD	Mean	Min	Max	SD
(A)1:6-1: 11;29	2.9 ^{(D – M)}	1	5	1.3	1.7 ^{(E – M)}	0	3	0.9	0.2 ^{(G – M)}	0	1	0.4
(B) 2:0-2:3;29	5.7	2	7	1.5	3.3 ^{(F – M)}	1	6	1.5	0.9 ^{(G – M)}	0	3	0.9
(C) 2:4-2:7;29	6.5	4	7	1.0	3.9 ^{(F. H– M)}	1	6	1.5	2.5 ^{(H – M)}	0	5	1.7
(D) 2:8-2: 11;29	7.0 ^(A)	7	7	0	5.2	4	6	0.7	3.0 ^{(H – M)}	1	5	1.0
(E) 3:0-3:3;29	7.0 ^(A)	7	7	0	5.3 ^(A)	3	6	1.1	3.9 ^{(J – M)}	2	5	1.1
(F) 3:4-3:7;29	7.0 ^(A)	7	7	0	5.9 ^{(A – C)}	4	6	0.5	4.5	2	6	1.0
(G) 3:8-3: 11;29	7.0 ^(A)	7	7	0	5.9 ^{(A. B)}	5	6	0.3	4.9 ^{(A. B)}	2	6	1.1
(H) 4:0-4:3;29	7.0 ^(A)	7	7	0	6.0 ^{(A – C)}	6	6	0	5.4 ^{(A – D)}	4	6	0.8
(I) 4:4-4:7;29	7.0 ^(A)	7	7	0	6.0 ^{(A – C)}	6	6	0	5.3 ^{(A – D)}	4	6	0.7
(J) 4:8-4: 11;29	7.0 ^(A)	7	7	0	6.0 ^{(A – C)}	6	6	0	5.7 ^{(A – E)}	5	6	0.5
(K) 5:0-5:3;29	7.0 ^(A)	7	7	0	6.0 ^{(A – C)}	6	6	0	5.9 ^{(A – E)}	5	6	0.3
(L) 5:4-5:7;29	7.0 ^(A)	7	7	0	6.0 ^{(A – C)}	6	6	0	5.7 ^{(A – E)}	5	6	0.5
(M) 5:8-5: 11;29	7.0 ^(A)	7	7	0	6.0 ^{(A – C)}	6	6	0	5.9 ^{(A – E)}	5	6	0.3

Age group	Mean of lexical types	Minimum	Maximum	Standard deviation
(A)1:6-1: 11;29	20.7 ^{(F - M)}	8	37	10.1
(B) 2:0-2:3;29	57.9 ^{(F - M)}	30	129	28.0
(C) 2:4-2:7;29	96.0 ^(I.J)	60	158	26.5
(D) 2:8-2: 11;29	107.9 ^(J)	73	176	28.6
(E) 3:0-3:3;29	103.0 ^(I.J)	57	143	23.4
(F) 3:4-3:7;29	126.2 ^(A.B)	73	169	28.9
(G) 3:8-3: 11;29	139.9 ^(A.B)	78	191	31.3
(H) 4:0-4:3;29	139.8 ^(A.B)	92	178	22.3
(I) 4:4-4:7;29	172.9 ^{(A - C.E)}	89	310	60.8
(J) 4:8-4: 11;29	164.8 ^{(A - E)}	98	232	37.9
(K) 5:0-5:3;29	127.2 ^(A.B)	60	173	34.9
(L) 5:4-5:7;29	132.5 ^(A.B)	66	187	43.6
(M) 5:8-5: 11;29	135.9 ^(A.B)	77	205	40.0

Age group	Phonological Aspects		Coefficient (r)	*p-value*
1:6-1: 11;29	Types X	Phonemes (GPS)/simple onset	0.514	0.156
		Phonemes E0, L1, L2	0.699	0.036*
		Phonemes L3, L4, L5	- 0.071	0.855
		Phonemes L6, L7, L8, L9	0.215	0.578
2:0-2:3;29	Types X	Phonemes (GPS)/simple onset	0.585	0.036*
		Phonemes E0, L1, L2	0.240	0.429
		Phonemes L3, L4, L5	0.431	0.142
		Phonemes L6, L7, L8, L9	0.738	0.004*
2:4-2:7;29	Types X	Phonemes (GPS)/simple onset	0.658	0.014*
		Phonemes E0, L1, L2	0.550	0.052
		Phonemes L3, L4, L5	0.748	0.003*
		Phonemes L6, L7, L8, L9	0.214	0.483
		Coda	0.679	0.011*
2:8-2: 11;29	Types X	Phonemes (GPS)/simple onset	- 0.237	0.375
		Phonemes L3, L4, L5	-0.083	0.761
		Phonemes L6, L7, L8, L9	-0.246	0.359
		Complex onset	- 0.204	0.449
		Coda	0.539	0.031*
3:0-3:3;29	Types X	Phonemes (GPS)/simple onset	- 0. 139	0.622
		Phonemes L3, L4, L5	- 0.335	0.222
		Phonemes L6, L7, L8, L9	0.108	0.701
		Coda	- 0.163	0.562
3:4-3:7;29	Types X	Phonemes (GPS)/simple onset	0.160	0.568
		Phonemes L3, L4, L5	- 0.840	0.766
		Phonemes L6, L7, L8, L9	0.235	0.398
		Complex onset	0.444	0.098
		Coda	0.312	0.258
3:8-3: 11;29	Types X	Phonemes (GPS)/simple onset	- 0.248	0.374
		Phonemes L3, L4, L5	0.011	0.968
		Phonemes L6, L7, L8, L9	- 0.289	0.296
		Complex onset	0.029	0.918
		Coda	- 0.377	0.166
4:0-4:3;29	Types X	Phonemes (GPS)/simple onset	0.237	0.396
		Phonemes L6, L7, L8, L9	0.237	0.396
		Complex onset	0.052	0.854
		Coda	0.196	0.484
4:4-4:7;29	Types X	Phonemes (GPS)/simple onset	0.066	0.815
		Phonemes L6, L7, L8, L9	0.066	0.815
		Complex onset	0.094	0.738
		Coda	- 0.342	0.212
4:8-4: 11;29	Types X	Phonemes (GPS)/simple onset	- 0.431	0.109
		Phonemes L6, L7, L8, L9	- 0.431	0.109
		Complex onset	- 0.024	0.934
		Coda	0.013	0.963
5:0-5:3;29	Types X	Phonemes (GPS)/simple onset	0.258	0.353
		Phonemes L6, L7, L8, L9	0.258	0.353
		Complex onset	0.345	0.207
		Coda	0.532	0.041*
5:4-5:7;29	Types X	Phonemes (GPS)/simple onset	0.125	0.657
		Phonemes L6, L7, L8, L9	0.125	0.657
		Complex onset	0.115	0.683
		Coda	0.041	0.884
5:8-5: 11;29	Types X	Phonemes (GPS)/simple onset	0.283	0.307
		Phonemes L6, L7, L8, L9	0.283	0.307
		Complex onset	- 0.663	0.007*
		Coda	- 0.478	0.072

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[1] Conflict of interests: nothing to declare.