Rousou et al.(99 Rousou JA, Tighe DA, Garb JL, Krasner H, Engelman RM, Flack JE 3rd, et al. Risk of dysphagia after transesophageal echocardiography during cardiac operations. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;69(2):486-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(99)01086-3. PMid:10735685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(99)...
)
|
Retrospective cross-sectional |
838/ 23 |
CABG, coronary bypass and valve repair/replacement |
Time of OI, previous S, CPB, left ventricular ejection fraction, time of surgery, type of surgery (with or without CABG). |
Time of OI and CPB, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, time and type of surgery (CABG). |
Ferraris et al.(1010 Ferraris VA, Ferraris SP, Moritz DM, Welch S. Oropharyngeal dysphagia after cardiac operation. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;71(6):1792-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(01)02640-6. PMid:11426749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(01)...
)
|
Retrospective cross-sectional |
1042/ 31 |
CABG |
Age, height, weight, ejection fraction, CPB, DM, creatinine>2.5, increased cholesterol level, presence of COPD, PVD, S, CCF, aspirin therapy preoperatively, preoperative shock, SAH, unstable angina, non-CABG heart surgery, NYHA>2, and reoperations. |
Advanced age, DM, hyperdyslipidemia, RI and CCF. |
Skoretz et al.(1111 Skoretz SA, Yau TM, Ivanov J, Granton JT, Martino R. Dysphagia and associated risk factors following extubation in cardiovascular surgical patients. Dysphagia. 2014;29(6):647-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-014-9555-4. PMid:25119447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-014-955...
)
|
Retrospective cross-sectional |
909 / 51 |
CABG and valve repair/replacement |
Age, comorbidities, time of OI, reintubation, reoperation, atrial fibrillation, readmission in ICU post-extubation, length of stay in ICU, pre- and post-operative hospitalization time and total length of hospitalization. |
Advanced age, CCF, atrial fibrillation, previous S, NYHA>2, OI>12 h, reoperation, reintubation, length of stay in ICU, pre- and post-operative hospitalization time, total length of hospitalization and use of TEE. |
Hogue et al.(1717 Hogue CW Jr, Lappas GD, Creswell LL, Ferguson TB Jr, Sample M, Pugh D, et al. Swallowing dysfunction after cardiac operations: associated adverse outcomes and risk factors including intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1995;110(2):517-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5223(95)70249-0. PMid:7637370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5223(95)...
)
|
Retrospective cross-sectional |
869/ 34 |
CABG, coronary bypass, valve repair/replacement, cardiac tumors, aortic aneurysm repair, and congenital abnormalities identified in adulthood, |
Age, history of MI, SAH, DM, S, COPD, RI and OI, left ventricular function, transthoracic echocardiography, time of EC, aortic clamping, low cardiac output after the operation, use of intra-aortic balloon pump, new development of S, RI, hepatic dysfunction, parenteral nutrition, sepsis. |
Advanced age, time of OI, use of TEE. |
Barker et al.(1818 Barker J, Martino R, Reichardt B, Hickey EJ, Ralph-Edwards A. Incidence and impact of dysphagia in patients receiving prolonged endotracheal intubation after cardiac surgery. Can J Surg. 2009;52(2):119-24. PMid:19399206.)
|
Retrospective cross-sectional |
254/ 130 |
CABG and valve repair/replacement |
Age, gender, smoking history, family history of heart disease, surgical risk, DM, NYHA, CCF, SAH, hyperdyslipidemia, previous S, sinus rhythm, COPD, renal risk. |
Time of OI, perioperative S and sepsis. |