| 1 |
Generalized EPG treatment effect in the cochlear implant user maintained after 2 years. |
Assess the progress of therapy of a cochlear implant user with hearing impairment who had persistent errors of speech, applying EPG as visual feedback. |
Improved production of the treatment target /ɡ/ in simple words, sentences, connected speech, and texts reading after four months of treatment. Furthermore, results were maintained up to 24 months after intervention. |
EPG seems to be a very effective method in the treatment of disorders in speech associated with hearing impairment since it can be used at home to monitor speech. |
| 2 |
Lateral bracing of the tongue during the onset phase of alveolar stops: an EPG study. |
Investigate the dynamic characteristics of the lateral contact of the tongue with the palate at the beginning of alveolar occlusion of phonemes /t/, /d/, and /n/ in typical adults, with the use of EPG. |
The configuration of the tongue and its position were different between nasal and oral occlusive, being speculative the rate of contact for /t/ and /d/ in comparison with /n/, to the increased intraoral pressure in the oral plosives and the different positions of the jaw and shapes of the tongue for both types of sounds (oral x nasal). |
EPG can be used to describe the articulators in phonemes that have the palate as a passive point, such as /t/, /d/, and /n/. This study showed that there is more contact with the palate in the oral plosives than the nasal. |
| 3 |
Treating myofunctional disorders: a multiple-baseline study of a new treatment using electropalatography. |
Evaluate the benefits of EPG in the treatment of patients with orofacial myofunctional disorders. |
The therapy involving activation phases helps the targets of contact of the tongue with the palate.
The feedback obtained by EPG enables more effective responses from the intervention with the use of this instrument when compared to the treatment without it. |
EPG can be used to treat miofunctional speech disorders, being a valuable tool that provides the clinician and patient information to assist the individual therapy planning. |
| 4 |
Tongue-palate contact during selected vowels in children with speech sound disorders. |
a) check whether there has been full contact of the tongue on the palate in children with disorders in speech sounds and typical speech development; b) characterize the patterns of these complete contacts, if present. |
None of the typical children had full contact of the tongue with the palate in any of the investigated vowels. This pattern is not unique to children with anatomical abnormalities in the vocal tract. Typical children had no full contact of the tongue with the palate in any investigated vowels. |
Atypical children showed complete contact tongue-palate for at least part of the production of some vowels. The results suggest that the full contact of the tongue on the palate is a characteristic of the atypical speech development. |
| 5 |
Palatal morphology can influence speaker-specific realizations of phonemic contrasts. |
Investigate whether the tactile information of the tongue in contact with the palate affects the production and especially the distinction of sibilants in terms of their articulation position. |
The morphology of the region between the alveolus and the palate, in which the contrast between the sibilants was analyzed, showed a greater influence on the contrast between the consonants, suggesting that the palate morphology is crucial for acquiring the contrast between /s/ and /S/. |
The articulation of sibilant contrasts is influenced not only by auditory perception but also by the morphological movement of the palate, which affects the somatosensory feedback of the speaker. |
| 6 |
An EPG analysis of /t/ in young people with Down Syndrome (DS). |
Assess the phonetic detail in children with DS regarding the plosive /t/, considering that this sound is rarely reported as problematic for these individuals. |
The analysis by EPG identified that individuals with DS used many contact patterns of the tongue with the palate in the production of the plosive /t/. |
The speech patterns in individuals with DS are related to dyspraxia elements concerning the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the syndrome. Studies with EPG demonstrated relevant articulatory information that can be analyzed qualitatively. |
| 7 |
Effects of consonant manner and vowel height on intraoral pressure and articulatory contact at voicing offset and onset for voiceless obstruents. |
Investigate how the intraoral pressure levels during phonation vary before and after voiceless obstruents (plosives, fricatives, affricates, and clusters), Following high or low vowels, and analyze the way supraglottic constrictions affect intraoral pressure. |
Effects of consonants and high vowels at the beginning and end of the speech were significant, as well as the consonant-vowel interactions. The effects of the six consonant and vowel contexts were significant for a single plosive, fricative, and cluster /St/, higher levels of intraoral pressure phonation before low vowels. The standard for phonation beginning was more consistent for all consonant contexts. At the beginning of phonation higher levels of intraoral pressure before high vowels were found. |
The study concluded that high vowels had an inhibitory effect on the vocalization of short consonants sequences, but a facilitator effect at the beginning of phonation, which was consistent in consonant contexts. The influences of vowels seem to reflect a combination of characteristics of the vocal folds and the impedance of the vocal tract. |
| 8 |
Differentiating impairment levels in temporal versus spatial aspects of linguopalatal contacts in Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA). |
Characterize the physiology of dysarthria associated with FRDA and identify diversion of differential patterns that may occur among the subsystems of speech production mechanism. |
The variability in dysarthria associated with FRDA shows the existence of different profiles of speech impairment. A particular distinction between the presence of hyperfunction or dysfunction during phonation has been observed, as evidenced by the instrumental results. |
The fricative phoneme is the most affected in the DS, and the linguopalatal articulation point in FRDA. |
| 9 |
Electropalatography as an adjunct to nonspeech orofacial myofunctional disorder assessments: a feasibility study. |
Determine whether EPG would be a useful and viable complement in performing clinical evaluation of patients with suspected nonspeech orofacial myofunctional disorders (NSOMD). |
The participants showed unique patterns of lingual-palatal contact patterns that differed from the participants without NSOMD. |
EPG shows that the contact of the tongue on the palate differs among those with myofunctional disorders from those without, serving as an aid to non-instrumental evaluations. |
| 10 |
Speech-language pathologists (SLP) knowledge of tongue/palate contact for consonants. |
Determine the knowledge of SLP about the contact between tongue and palate for English consonants. |
The SLP presented good knowledge of the contact tongue/palate along the midline, but little knowledge of the contact along the side edges of the palate. |
SLP presented good knowledge about the contact of the middle line, but poor knowledge about the side margins on the palate. |
| 11 |
Amount of kinematic feedback affects learning of speech motor skills. |
Test the influence of knowledge on the kinematic performance during practice (KP group), compared with no kinematic feedback (noKP group), in learning a speaking ability. |
The group without intervention with kinematic feedback showed retention in speaking abilities in a week after treatment compared to the intervention group with kinematic feedback. |
In the study, there was no difference between the before and after training with one hour of treatment, however, the findings infer that the extended training may interfere with the acquisition of skills. |
| 12 |
Effect of speech rate manipulations on articulatory dynamics in severe traumatic brain injury: an EMA and EPG study. |
To determine the effects of the manipulation of speech rate in tongue movement in adults who have suffered severe brain trauma, but who present preserved motor controls. |
The results demonstrated that as the strategies selected to increase the rate of speech, the group suffered traumatic brain injury showed increased articulatory effort is estimated to increase the speech rate and thereby decrease exaggerated movement of the tongue, yet the control group showed no effect of fast speech rate in the kinematic articulation for the production of sentences. |
When speaking at a fast pace, individuals with severe TBI seem to have a greater articulatory effort, possibly to preserve the distinctive character of phonetic segments. |
| 13 |
Using EPG data to display articulatory separation for phoneme contrasts. |
Assist the graphically represent EPG data in articulatory separation of certain phonemes using contrasts between them. |
For the graphics to be represented and understood, it should be emphasized the extent and separation by contrast between phonemes, especially among glides and fricatives. |
Electropalatographic graphic data emphasize the importance of establishing the presence and extent of separation contrasts produced by speakers. |
| 14 |
EPG in the description and treatment of speech disorders in five children with Cerebral Palsy. |
Investigate whether the method of electropalatographic visual feedback instrument would serve as an effective tool for the treatment of children (5) diagnosed with cerebral palsy and dysarthria, exploring whether this training can improve the articulation of the alveolar phonemes. |
Unusual articulatory results between tongue and palate were addressed. The results show an anterior movement in relation to phonemes. |
The results showed that consonants like /t/, /d/, /d/ and /s/ are now produced more in the anterior after training with target phonemes, with some of the characteristics of the articulation of dysarthric children as a result of cerebral paralysis revealed few tongue contacts on the palate, and double articulation and abnormally retracted articulation. |
| 15 |
Effects of medication and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on tongue movements in speakers with Parkinson’s disease using electropalatography: a pilot study. |
To quantify the effects of subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation STN‑DBS in the articulation of patients with Parkinson’s disease by applying EPG. |
The medicine showed significant improvement in motor scores in one of the patients, however, for the other patient, it was observed articulatory deterioration with the stimulation. |
According to the findings in the evaluation with EPG, the use of medication helps articulatory accuracy. |
| 16 |
Electropalatography in home training of retracted articulation in a Swedish child with cleft palate: effect on articulation pattern and speech. |
Evaluate the effectiveness of electropalatography in the errors formed by a female 11-year-old child with cleft lip and palate. |
Both the analysis of EPG and the perceptual analysis showed improvement in production of phonemes /t/ and /s/ in words and sentences after therapy. |
The analysis of the contact between tongue and palate showed that after therapy with biofeedback (around 8 hours of home training) the production of phonemes /t/ and /d/ normalized. |
| 17 |
Long-term outcomes of speech therapy for seven adolescents with visual feedback technologies: ultrasound and electropalatography. |
To analyze the speech production in seven teenagers and young adults with hearing loss after two to four years of intervention using US and EPG. |
The trials for phases 2 and 3 of the treatment found that five speakers produced the segment with the same rate of accuracy in both phases. And confirmed the maintenance of accuracy levels in an individual, besides the improvement in three individuals, as well as a slight regression in four individuals in the sample. |
Some study limitations are identified as follows: restricted number of samples; short periods of intervention; use of perceptual analysis isolated, and lack of access to a normative database for comparison. |
| 18 |
Physiological investigation of dysarthria: recent advances. |
Describe and evaluate EPG techniques, EPG pressure sensitive, and EME, highlighting their relative advantages, disadvantages and specific applications in the evaluation of speakers with dysarthria associated with a variety of neurological disorders. |
The benefits of 3D technologies are greater than 2D, they are more realistic and it provides more reliable results in diagnosis and therapy. |
The need for objective physiological assessments is extremely important for therapeutic planning, suggesting that clinicians should be updated about the advent of these techniques to provide more effective therapies. |
| 19 |
Cascading influences on the production of speech: Evidence from articulation |
Show the influence of the phonetic similarity of the contact between tongue and palate and analyze ultrasound images showing the outline of mediossagital tongue contour, as well as acoustic changes as VOT |
These three resources show increased articulatory variability when onsets with phonemic competition differ by a phonological characteristic, intensifying as they differ in two phonological characteristics. |
Using electropalatography to test three different articulatory variability measures in three different sentences, it was possible to show that the activation of the articulation of phonemes is influenced by the individual's speech activation. |
| 20 |
Study electropalatographic study of nasal phones. |
Describe the standard contact between the tongue and the palate for a speaker with cleft lip and palate, in the production of nasal consonant phones of Portuguese comparing it to a speaker without articulatory changes. |
All phones analyzed, produced by the speaker with cleft lip and palate, showed variations in the articulation region on which there was constriction compared to a normal speaker. |
All phones analyzed, produced by the speaker with cleft lip showed variations regarding the articulation region on which the constriction happened in relation to a normal speaker. |
| 21 |
electropalatographic phonetic description of alveolar phones. |
Perform the articulatory description of Brazilian Portuguese, examining the tongue contact with the palate in the production of consonant phones. |
After the electropalatography procedure, it was observed that the phones assessed have contact with the alveolar region in its point of maximum constriction. The phones /t/, /d/, and /n/ had more alveolar contact, with total obstruction of the air current; fricative phones /s/ and /z/ were characterized by the absence of contact in the central longitudinal axis, however the side phone /l/ showed no contact in lateral longitudinal axis and non-lateral liquid characterized by tap had few contacts of the tongue with the palate and was produced with shorter duration. |
EPG allows a detailed description of the way and the extent of the contact tongue-palate in different alveolar phones in Portuguese. |
