Performance of Brazilian Portuguese speakers in the Test of Narrative Language (TNL)

Costa, Gabriela Mello; Rossi, Natalia Freitas; Giacheti, Célia Maria

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Original Article • CoDAS 30 (4) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20182017148 copy

Performance of Brazilian Portuguese speakers in the Test of Narrative Language (TNL)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose

Investigate the performance of native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese in the Test of Narrative Language (TNL) and correlate their performance in its oral narration and narrative comprehension subtests.

Methods

Participants were 140 individuals with typical language development aged 5-0 to 11-11 (years-months) divided according to age group.

Results

Statistically significant difference was observed between the 5-year-old group and all the other age groups and between the 6-year-old group and the 8-, 9-, 10- and 11-year-old groups. The 7-year-old group did not differ from the 6- and 8-year-old groups. Half of the 7-year-old group was in 1^st grade of Elementary School and the other half was in 2^nd grade, which may have contributed to the non-differentiation between this group and its border-age groups. No statistically significant difference was found between groups as of the age of eight years. Positive correlation was observed between performance in the narrative comprehension and oral narration subtests of the TNL in the 5-, 6- and 7-year-old groups, which did not occur for the other age groups.

Conclusion

The Test of Narrative Language differentiated the 5-, 6- and 7-year-old groups, but did not differentiate groups as of the age of eight years. No correlation was found between performance in the oral narration and narrative comprehension subtests of the TNL as of the age of eight years, which suggests mastery of both skills from this age.

Keywords
Narration; Child Language; Evaluation; Language Development; Language Tests

Age group	Age (years-months)	Sample size		Male		Female		Mean age (months)	Standard deviation
Age group	Age (years-months)	n	(%)	n	(%)	n	(%)
05	5-0 to 5-11	20	100	10	50	10	50	66	3.7
06	6-0 to 6-11	20	100	10	50	10	50	78.8	4
07	7-0 to 7-11	20	100	10	50	10	50	88	3.6
08	8-0 to 8-11	20	100	10	50	10	50	103	2.8
09	9-0 to 9-11	20	100	10	50	10	50	115	4.5
10	10-0 to 10-11	20	100	10	50	10	50	123.4	2
11	11-0 to 11-11	20	100	10	50	10	50	139.5	3.8

Age group	Number of participants in each grade
Age group	Kindergarten II	1^st grade	2^nd grade	3^rd grade	4^th grade	5º^thgrade	6^th grade
05	19	1	-	-	-	-	-
06	-	20	-	-	-	-	-
07	-	10	10	-	-	-	-
08	-	-	1	19	-	-	-
09	-	-	-	3	17	-	-
10	-	-	-	-	-	20	-
11	-	-	-	-	-	1	19

Variable	Age group	M	SD	Min	Max	Md	p
Narrative comprehension subtest raw scores	5	23.30	5.45	16.00	34.00	21.00	<0.001^* * Jonckheere-Terpstra test
	6	29.05	3.79	21.00	33.00	29.50
	7	29.50	3.62	23.00	36.00	29.00
	8	32.35	2.08	27.00	36.00	33.00
	9	34.40	2.68	28.00	39.00	34.50
	10	33.60	4.12	29.00	46.00	33.50
	11	34.20	2.04	30.00	38.00	34.00
Oral narration subtest raw scores	5	30.35	6.12	18.00	40.00	30.50	<0.001^* * Jonckheere-Terpstra test
	6	35.70	5.73	24.00	45.00	35.50
	7	39.05	7.97	26.00	51.00	37.00
	8	46.50	11.02	25.00	61.00	47.50
	9	50.10	7.75	31.00	63.00	49.50
	10	51.95	7.05	40.00	64.00	53.50
	11	54.60	7.33	39.00	72.00	55.00
TNL raw total scores	5	53.65	10.53	37.00	73.00	51.50	<0.001^* * Jonckheere-Terpstra test
	6	64.75	8.64	45.00	77.00	65.00
	7	68.55	10.86	50.00	87.00	66.00
	8	78.85	11.85	55.00	94.00	80.50
	9	84.50	8.60	62.00	98.00	84.50
	10	85.55	9.00	71.00	102.00	86.00
	11	88.80	7.58	75.00	106.00	88.00

Pair of variables	Age group	r	p
Oral narration subtest total score × Narrative comprehension subtest total score	5	+0.729	< 0.001^* * Spearman’s correlation coefficient
	6	+0.571	0.009^* * Spearman’s correlation coefficient
	7	+0.688	0.001^* * Spearman’s correlation coefficient
	8	+0.270	0.250
	9	+0.146	0.540
	10	+0.272	0.246
	11	+0.130	0.583

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[1] Conflict of interests: nothing to declare.

Pair of age groups	Narrative comprehension subtest raw score p	Oral narration subtest raw score p	TNL total raw score p
5 x 6	0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	0.010^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05
5 x 7	0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05
5 x 8	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05
5 x 9	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05
5 x 10	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05
5 x 11	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05
6 x 7	0.946	0.249	0.416
6 x 8	0.002^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	0.002^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05
6 x 9	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05
6 x 10	0.002^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05
6 x 11	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05
7 x 8	0.007	0.020	0.007
7 x 9	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05
7 x 10	0.003	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05
7 x 11	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05	< 0.001^* * Mann-Whitney test adjusted with Bonferroni correction; significant values for p<0.05
8 x 9	0.013	0.357	0.136
8 x 10	0.428	0.163	0.049
8 x 11	0.010	0.042	0.010
9 x 10	0.237	0.456	0.797
9 x 11	0.795	0.076	0.119
10 x 11	0.270	0.408	0.238