Occurrence of hearing disorders in infants exposed to HIV vertical transmission

Retrospective analysis of 144 medical charts of infants who underwent audiological evaluation at birth, between 2010 and 2015, through transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem response. The infants were divided into two groups: Study Group: composed of 72 infants with HIV positive mothers; and Control Group: with 72 infants without risk factors for hearing loss. For the study group, the results of the audiological monitoring at six months of age were also analyzed.

Results

The groups did not differ in age and sex. Results of otoacoustic emissions were normal in both groups, thus having normal cochlear function. In the study group, there was a tendency to present a higher occurrence of abnormalities in the auditory brainstem response results. The majority of infants did not show up for audiological monitoring, and among those who showed up, it was possible to identify audiological impairments.

Conclusion

There was no cochlear function impairment in the study sample. There was a tendency towards central hearing impairments in the study group, with a predominance of lower brainstem impairment. There was a poor adherence to audiological monitoring and poor agreement between the first and last evaluation.

Keywords:
Audiology; Auditory brainstem response; Otoacoustic emissions, spontaneous; Vertical transmission of infectious disease; HIV

ABR	Control		Study		P-value
ABR	N	%	N	%	P-value
Normal	66	91.7%	58	80.6%	0.054
Central	6	8.3%	14	19.4%	0.054

ABR – Left Ear		Mean	Median	Standard Deviation	CV	Min	Max	N	CI	P-value
Wave I	Control	1.839	1.785	0.187	10%	1.630	2.730	72	0.043	0.370
Wave I	Study	1.872	1.800	0.246	13%	1.570	3.200	72	0.057	0.370
Wave III	Control	4.644	4.630	0.220	5%	4.170	5.200	72	0.051	0.130
Wave III	Study	4.714	4.675	0.325	7%	4.030	6.220	72	0.075	0.130
Wave V	Control	6.983	6.950	0.296	4%	6.300	7.670	72	0.068	0.416
Wave V	Study	7.033	7.040	0.416	6%	6.100	8.070	72	0.096	0.416
I - III	Control	2.805	2.810	0.239	9%	2.020	3.280	72	0.055	0.426
I - III	Study	2.838	2.820	0.257	9%	2.150	3.430	72	0.059	0.426
III - V	Control	2.340	2.330	0.250	11%	1.920	3.000	72	0.058	0.723
III - V	Study	2.325	2.330	0.279	12%	1.630	3.170	72	0.064	0.723
I - V	Control	5.146	5.140	0.307	6%	4.450	5.820	72	0.071	0.821
I - V	Study	5.133	5.100	0.393	8%	4.300	6.130	72	0.091	0.821

ABR – Right Ear		Mean	Median	Standard Deviation	CV	Min	Max	N	CI	P-value
Wave I	Control	1.85	1.82	0.20	11%	1.60	2.90	72	0.05	0.817
Wave I	Study	1.86	1.80	0.23	12%	1.55	3.35	71	0.05	0.817
Wave III	Control	4.61	4.59	0.22	5%	4.10	5.17	72	0.05	0.111
Wave III	Study	4.69	4.67	0.35	8%	3.80	6.17	72	0.08	0.111
Wave V	Control	6.95	6.91	0.31	4%	6.13	7.60	72	0.07	0.281
Wave V	Study	7.02	7.00	0.41	6%	5.92	8.20	72	0.10	0.281
I - III	Control	2.76	2.75	0.26	9%	1.80	3.32	72	0.06	0.215
I - III	Study	2.82	2.80	0.24	9%	2.17	3.43	71	0.06	0.215
III - V	Control	2.34	2.35	0.26	11%	1.85	2.97	72	0.06	0.836
III - V	Study	2.33	2.33	0.29	12%	1.85	3.30	72	0.07	0.836
I - V	Control	5.07	5.12	0.42	8%	2.95	5.67	72	0.10	0.232
I - V	Study	5.15	5.13	0.36	7%	4.27	6.05	71	0.08	0.232

2^nd evaluation results	N	%	P-value
Normal	14	87.5%	Ref.
Delayed	1	6.3%	<0.001 ^* * Statistically significant values (p≤0.05) – ANOVA test
Central	1	6.3%	<0.001*

Evaluation at 6 months				Kappa	P-value
ABR	Normal	Abnormal	Total	Kappa	P-value
Normal	12	1	13	0.294	0.226
Abnormal	2	1	3
Total	14	2	16

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E-mail: revista@audiologiabrasil.org.br

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[1] Conflict of interests: No.