Fischer et al.(2323 Fischer S, Kueckelhaus M, Pauzenberger R, Bueno EM, Pomahac B. Functional outcomes of face transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2015;15(1):220-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajt.12956. PMid:25359281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajt.12956...
)
|
Functional Outcomes of face transplantation |
Medicine |
Face transplantation recipients of the institution n=5 Face transplantation recipients of other institutions n=29 |
19-59 years |
Both |
Not mentioned |
Provide a compilation of functional impairments before and improvements after face transplantation. |
Treatment for patients of the institution: data collection, physical examination, computed tomography and laryngoscopy; auditory-perceptual assessment of speech intelligibility; facial sensibility assessed by the Semmes-Weisntein test. Treatment for patients from other institutions: literature review. |
Patients showed improvement in smell, breath, eat, speak, grimace and facial sensation. Standardized outcome evaluation is inevitable to enlarge the field of application. |
Philp et al.(2424 Philp L, Umraw N, Cartotto R. Late outcomes after grafting of the severely burned face: a quality improvement initiative. J Burn Care Res. 2012;33(1):46-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/BCR.0b013e318234d89f. PMid:22002207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/BCR.0b013e3182...
)
|
Late outcomes after grafting of the severely burned face: A quality improvement initiative |
Medicine |
Patients with facial grafts n=35 Post-graft patients for late follow-up n=14 |
43 (±16) years |
Not mentioned |
Total BBSA 23% (± 21%) |
Perform a detailed evaluation of the late outcomes in adult patients who have undergone grafting using a standardized surgical and rehabilitation approach for facial burns. |
Evaluations used for treatment: Vancouver scar scale, pressure sensibility sensation, Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, and esthetic and functional measures. Treatments performed: surgical (tangential burn wound debridement and grafting), massage, and compression mask. |
Outcomes showed the scalp as a preferred donor site, pressure preference at the graft edges around the mouth and chin, scalp use for hairlines such as eyebrows, use of grafts of varying thicknesses, and orientation to the patient regarding the probability of changes in sensitivity. |
Isaac et al.(2525 Isaac C, Carvalho VF, Paggiaro AO, Maio M, Ferreira MC. Intralesional pentoxifyline as an adjuvant treatment for perioral post-burn hypertrophic scars. Burns. 2010;36(6):831-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2009.11.002. PMid:20064692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2009.1...
)
|
Intralesional pentoxifylline as an adjuvant treatment for perioral post-burn hypertrophic scars |
Medicine |
Case group treated with pentoxifylline n= 10 Control group n= 8 |
12-45 years |
Both |
Not mentioned |
Determine whether the use of pentoxifylline intradermally would improve the elasticity of hypertrophic scars in the peribuccal area in burned patients. |
Case group: Measurements of mouth opening (lip-to-lip and tooth-to-tooth distances in mm) were taken using a digital caliper, before and after five therapeutic sessions with pentoxifylline with weekly intervals; application of patient satisfaction scale and a quantitative analogue pain rating scale. Control group: No treatment performed. |
Significant improvement in the opening of the mouth, in vermilion distance as much as the dental distance in the case group compared with the control group. |
Clayton et al.(1616 Clayton NA, Ward EC, Maitz PKM. Full thickness facial burns: outcomes following orofacial rehabilitation. Burns. 2015;41(7):1599-606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2015.04.003. PMid:25979798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2015.0...
)
|
Orofacial contracture management outcomes following partial thickness facial burns |
Speech-language Pathology |
Patients with partial-thickness orofacial burn n=229 Control group n=120 |
Patients with burn: aged 16-79 (±15.7) years Control patients: aged 16-80 years |
Both Patients with burn: Males=183 Females=46 Control patients: Males=60 Females=60 |
11.7% (1-71%) (±12.1%) |
Analyze clinical outcomes following non-surgical exercise for contracture management post partial-thickness orofacial burn in a cohort of patients. |
Pre- and post-treatment assessments were performed through vertical and horizontal mouth opening/lip-to-lip measurements in patients with orofacial burn. The treatment combined exercise and stretching performed 10 times each, 5 times a day. For patients (n=4) who had prolonged healing over 21 days, a mouth splint was used 1 hour per day (Free Access II Cheek Reatractor®). Treatment completion was defined with closure of the wounds and functional objectives achieved. Stabilization of treatment was monitored for additional 4 weeks and referred to the medical staff of origin; if regression was observed, the patient returned to the previous level of treatment. For the control group, the same measures were performed only once and no treatment was offered. |
For the group of patients, significant differences (p˂0.001) were observed regarding vertical and horizontal mouth opening compared with the control group. Treatment duration was, 30.7 days on average. After treatment significant improvement (p<0.001) was found for vertical and horizontal opening. At treatment conclusion, a significant (p<0.01) difference remained between the burns cohort and control group for vertical mouth opening. Study results support positive outcomes following orofacial contracture management for patients with partial-thickness orofacial burn; however, some functional loss remained with patients demonstrating persistent reduced vertical mouth opening at conclusion of treatment compared with the control group. |
Clayton et al.(1717 Clayton NA, Ellul G, Ward EC, Scott A, Maitz PK. Orofacial contracture management: currente patterns of clinical practice in Australian and New Zealand adult burn units. J Burn Care Res. 2016;38(1):204-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/BCR.0000000000000351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/BCR.0000000000...
)
|
Full-thickness facial burns: Outcomes following orofacial rehabilitation |
Speech-language Pathology |
Patients with orofacial burn n=12 Control group n=120 |
Patients with orofacial burn aged 17-61 years Control group aged 16-80 years |
Both Patients with orofacial burn Males=4 Females=8 Control group Males=60 Females=60 |
8-80% |
Measure length extension after full-thickness facial burn and describe results associated with orofacial rehabilitation in a cohort of prospectively studied patients with full-thickness facial burn. |
Pre- and post-treatment assessments were performed through vertical and horizontal mouth opening/lip-to-lip measurements in patients with orofacial burn. The treatment combined exercise and stretching performed 10 times each, 5 times a day and the use of Cheek Retrator® for 1 hour, twice a day. For some patients (n=9) additional stretching was required and the TheraBite® or OraStretch® were used with 5 sustained stretches of 30 s for 3 times. After reaching mouth opening greater ≥35 mm, patients were followed-up every 3 months and, if regression of results was observed, they returned to the previous level of treatment. For the control patients, the same measures were performed only once and no treatment was offered. . |
Participants had significantly (p<0.001) reduced vertical and horizontal mouth opening range compared with controls. Average duration of orofacial contracture management was 550.25 days, with 33% of patients demanding 1 year of treatment, half requiring >2 years rehabilitation, and 175 needing more than 2 years rehabilitation. After treatment, significant (p<0.01) positive improvement in vertical and horizontal mouth opening had been achieved, however measures had returned to lower limits of normal function and remained significantly (p<0.05) reduced compared to the control group. This study demonstrates that although positive gains can be achieved through non-surgical exercise after full thickness burn, some degree of long term loss in functional mouth opening remains. Methods to optimize results, especially for vertical mouth measures, need to be examined. |
Parry et al.(2626 Parry I, Sen S, Palmieri T, Greenhalgh D. Nonsurgical scar management of the face: does early versus late intervention affect outcomes? J Burn Care Res. 2013;34(5):569-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/BCR.0b013e318278906d. PMid:23816994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/BCR.0b013e3182...
)
|
Nonsurgical scar management of the face: does early versus late intervention affect outcomes? |
Physical therapy |
n=82 |
Mean age of 5.4 (± 4.5) years |
Both Males=62% Females=38% |
Mean of 35.2% (± 22.5%) |
Assess the timing of common noninvasive scar management interventions after facial skin grafting in children with facial burns. |
General data from the medical records were analyzed and the modified Vancouver scar scale was used to monitor the evolution of patients after the use of non-invasive treatment techniques for facial burns, such as massage, exercise, pressure therapy and earlier application of silicone. |
Earlier use of silicone for the face is associated with a better score in the modified Vancouver scar scale, specifically in the subscales of vascularity and pigmentation. It was also possible to observe an improvement in vascularity after pressure therapy and facial exercise. |
Parlak Gürol et al.(2727 Parlak Gürol A, Polat S, Nuran Akçay M. Itching, pain, and anxiety level are reduce with massage therapy in burned adolescents. J Burn Care Res. 2010;31(3):429-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/BCR.0b013e3181db522c. PMid:20453734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/BCR.0b013e3181...
)
|
Itching, pain, and anxiety levels are reduced with massage therapy in burned adolescents |
Nursing |
Massage group n=32 Control group n=31 |
Aged 12-18 years Mean of 14.07 (±1.78) years |
Both |
Between 11 and 20% |
Examine whether the effects of massage therapy reduced burned adolescents’ pain, itching, and anxiety levels. |
Assessments of itching and pain were performed through visual analogue scales and a Likert scale composed of 20 questions was applied for the evaluation of anxiety. Pre- and post-massage therapy assessments were performed. Patients in the massage treatment group received 15-min massages twice weekly for 5 weeks. |
Massage therapy was effective because it reduced the itching, pain, and anxiety levels of the treated patients compared with those in the control group. |