2018 |
Goroff et al.(1717 Goroff H, Herzog L, Cardi R, Reding M. Use of oral hydration protocols for dysphagic patients following stroke. Rehabil Nurs. 2018;43(5):290-6. PMid:30168811.)
|
Retrospective |
To describe the use of oral hydration protocols for dysphagic patients after stroke. |
674 |
Ischemic |
BUN / creatinine ratio |
On admission and throughout hospitalization |
Clinical evaluation |
Interventions can begin in a wiser manner based on the dysphagia severity. |
2018 |
Murray et al.(1818 Murray J, Scholten I, Doeltgen S. Factor contributing to hydration, fluid intake and health status of inpatients with and without dysphagia post stroke. Dysphagia. 2018;33(5):670-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-018-9886-7. PMid:29497831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-018-988...
)
|
Retrospective |
To investigate demographic and stroke comorbidities, including dysphagia, more significantly oral fluid intake, hydration status, and specific adverse health outcomes for rehabilitation after stroke. |
100 individuals |
Ischemic and hemorrhagic |
BUN / creatinine ratio |
On admission and throughout hospitalization |
Clinical evaluation |
Overall, functional dependence was the most predictive factor of low fluid intake. |
2016 |
Crary et al.(1919 Crary MA, Carnaby GD, Shabbir Y, Miller L, Silliman S. Clinical variables associated with hydration status in acute ischemic stroke patients with dysphagia. Dysphagia. 2016;31(1):60-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-015-9658-6. PMid:26497649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-015-965...
)
|
Retrospective |
To identify associations between clinical management variables and hydration status in acute stroke patients. |
67 individuals |
Ischemic stroke |
BUN / creatinine ratio |
1.4 days of admission and again on discharge or on the 7th day after admission |
Clinical evaluation |
Dietary and fluid changes resulted in worsening hydration at discharge. |
2016 |
Murray et al.(2020 Murray J, Doeltgen S, Miller M, Scholten I. Does a water protocol improve the hydration and health status of individuals with thin liquid aspiration following stroke? A randomized controlled trial. Dysphagia. 2016;31(3):424-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-016-9694-x. PMid:26886370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-016-969...
)
|
Randomized |
To contribute to evidence of the water protocols effectiveness, with particular emphasis on health outcomes, especially hydration. |
69 individuals recruited from a stroke unit |
Not specific |
BUN / creatinine ratio |
On admission and throughout hospitalization (once a week) |
Clinical evaluation and videofluoroscopy |
The water protocol employed in the study did not result in improved hydration. However, those who could drink water without thickener showed improvement in hydration levels. |
2013 |
Crary et al.(88 Crary MA, Humphrey JL, Carnaby-Mann G, Sambandam R, Miller L, Silliman S. Dysphagia, nutrition, and hydration in ischemic stroke patients at admission and discharge from acute care. Dysphagia. 2013;28(1):69-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-012-9414-0. PMid:22684924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-012-941...
)
|
Prospective |
To evaluate the association between malnutrition, dehydration and dysphagia in post stroke patients. |
67 individuals / 25 with dysphagia / 42 without dysphagia |
First stroke / Ischemic |
BUN / creatinine ratio |
On admission and after 7 days or at hospital discharge |
Clinical evaluation and video fluoroscopy |
Patients after stroke with dysphagia were at risk of dehydration during hospitalization. |
2013 |
Kafri et al.(2121 Kafri MW, Myint PK, Doherty D, Wilson AH, Potter JF, Hooper L. The diagnostic accuracy of multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis in diagnosing dehydration after stroke. Med Sci Monit. 2013;19:548-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSM.883972. PMid:23839255. http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSM.883972...
)
|
Prospective |
To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of MF-BIA in monitoring hydration status compared with plasma osmolarity. |
27 post stroke patients |
First or recurrent stroke / Does not specify type |
Electrical bioimpedance and plasma osmolarity |
On hospital admission |
Not specific |
Electrical bioimpedance was not considered effective in the evaluation of dehydration in post stroke patients. |
2012 |
McGrail et al.(2222 McGrail A, Kelchner LN. Adequate oral fluid intake in hospitalized stroke patients: does viscosity matter? Rehabil Nurs. 2012;37(5):252-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rnj.23. PMid:22949278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rnj.23...
)
|
Prospective |
To evaluate water intake of individuals after stroke, check the difference between individuals that use thickener and who receive liquids, and compare ingestion of hospitalized individuals after stroke with healthy individuals in the community. |
30 individuals / hospitalized (10 using thickener and 10 receiving fluids) and 10 healthy individuals |
First stroke / Ischemic |
Water intake |
During the first 72 hours of hospitalization |
Clinical evaluation |
Hospitalized stroke patients had lower water intake than recommended. |
2012 |
Rowat et al.(2323 Rowat A, Graham C, Dennis M. Dehydration in hospital-admitted stroke patients: detection, frequency, and association. Stroke. 2012;43(3):857-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.640821. PMid:22156691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.111....
)
|
Prospective |
To assess prevalence of dehydrationn in individuals after stroke and the factors of associated risks. |
2591 medical records |
First Stroke / Does not specify type |
Urea / creatinine ratio |
On admission and during hospitalization |
Not specific |
Changes in hydration status are common in patients after stroke and are associated with stroke severity and care during hospitalization. |
2012 |
Schrock et al.(77 Schrock JW, Glasenapp M, Drogell K. Elevated blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio is associated with poor outcome in patients with ischemic stroke. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2012;114(7):881-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2012.01.031. PMid:22333035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.201...
)
|
Prospective |
To assess whether the increase in BUN / creatinine ratio indicates worsening in clinical evolution of individuals after stroke. |
324 medical records, 163 women. |
Does not specify if it is the first stroke / ischemic |
BUN / creatinine ratio |
On hospital admission |
Not evaluated |
Patients with altered hydration status worsened their clinical evolution. |
2011 |
Akimoto et al.(66 Akimoto T, Ito C, Kato M, Ogura M, Muto S, Kusano E. Reduced hydration status characterized by disproportionate elevation of blood urea nitrogen to serum creatinine among the patients with cerebral infarction. Med Hypotheses. 2011;77(4):601-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2011.06.044. PMid:21778021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2011.06...
)
|
Retrospective |
To investigate prevalence of dehydration in individuals after stroke, related to the increase in BUN / creatinine ratio. |
97 individuals |
Does not specify if it is the first stroke / ischemic |
BUN / creatinine ratio |
On hospital admission |
Not evaluated |
Association between stroke subtypes and hydration status. |
2011 |
Rowat et al.(2424 Rowat A, Smith L, Graham C, Lyle D, Horsburgh D, Dennis M. A pilot study to assess if urine specific gravity and urine colour charts are useful indicators of dehydration in acute stroke patients. J Adv Nurs. 2011;67(9):1976-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05645.x. PMid:21507048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.20...
)
|
Prospective (Pilot Study) |
To verify whether urine specific gravity and color may predict dehydration in patients after stroke, when compared to urea/creatinine ratio. |
20 patients |
First or recurrent stroke / Ischemic or hemorrhagic |
Urine specific gravity, urine color, urea / creatinine ratio and clinical evaluation |
During the first 10 days of hospitalization |
Not specific |
Urine specific gravity and color were not considered effective methods in predicting dehydration. |
2011 |
Lin et al.(2525 Lin LC, Fann WC, Chou MH, Chen HW, Su YC, Chen JC. Urine specific gravity as a predictor of early neurological deterioration in acute ischemic stroke. Med Hypotheses. 2011;77(1):11-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2011.03.012. PMid:21444157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2011.03...
)
|
Prospective |
To verify whether urine specific gravity is an effective method for dehydration prediction in individuals after stroke. |
317 patients / 274 non-progressing stroke / 43 with stroke in progress |
First Stroke / Ischemic |
Urine specific gravity and BUN / creatinine ratio |
On hospital admission and during the first three days |
Not evaluated |
Specific urine severity greater than 1,010 may be related to progressing stroke. |
2009 |
Rodriguez et al.(1414 Rodriguez GJ, Cordina SM, Vazquez G, Suri MF, Kirmani JF, Ezzeddine MA, et al. The hydration influence on the risk of stroke (THIRST) study. Neurocrit Care. 2009;10(2):187-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12028-008-9169-5. PMid:19051062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12028-008-916...
)
|
Retrospective |
To evaluate the association between dehydration and stroke. |
428 patients / 214 post-stroke and 214 without a history of stroke, divided into two groups: > 65 years old and <65 years old |
Does not specify if it is the first stroke / ischemic |
Plasma Osmolarity |
On hospital admission |
Not evaluated |
Elderly patients after transient or ischemic stroke had increased plasma osmolarity. |
2007 |
Oh et al.(2626 Oh H, Seo W. Alterations in fluid, electrolytes and other serum chemistry values and their relations with enteral tube feeding in acute brain infarction patients. J Clin Nurs. 2007;16(2):298-307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2005.01424.x. PMid:17239065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.20...
)
|
Retrospective |
To evaluate hydroelectrolytic changes in individuals after stroke using alternative feeding route. |
85 medical records |
Not specific |
Analysis of sodium, potassium, glucose, BUN, creatinine, plasma osmolarity and water balance. |
During the first four days of hospitalization |
Not evaluated |
Significant changes were observed only in glucose values after the use of an alternative feeding route. |
2004 |
Churchill et al.(2727 Churchill M, Grimm S, Reding M. Risks of diuretic usage following stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2004;18(3):161-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888439004268163. PMid:15375276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08884390042681...
)
|
Prospective |
To evaluate the effect of using diuretics in the state of hydration in individuals after stroke. |
296 individuals / 55 in diuretic use and 241 without use, being 61 with dysphagia and 234 without dysphagia |
Not specific |
BUN/creatinine ratio and analysis of BUN and sodium |
On hospital admission and during hospitalization |
Clinical evaluation and video fluoroscopy |
Diuretic use is associated with increased BUN / creatinine ratio in post-stroke patients. |
2004 |
Kelly et al.(1212 Kelly J, Hunt BJ, Lewis RR, Swaminathan R, Moody A, Seed PT, et al. Dehydration and venous thromboembolism after acute stroke. QJM. 2004;97(5):293-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hch050. PMid:15100423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hch050...
)
|
Prospective |
To evaluate the relationship between the biochemical indices of dehydration and venous thromboembolism (VTE) after stroke. |
102 individuals |
First or recurrent stroke / Ischemic |
Plasma osmolarity, urea and urea / creatinine ratio |
On hospital admission and on the ninth day of hospitalization |
Not evaluated |
Dehydration after stroke is associated with VTE, and adequate hydration in the acute phase of stroke is important. |
2001 |
Finestone et al.(2828 Finestone HM, Foley NC, Woodbury MG, Greene-Finestone L. Quantifying fluid intake in dysphagic stroke patients: a preliminary comparison of oral and nonoral strategies. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82(12):1744-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2001.27379. PMid:11733894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2001.2737...
)
|
Prospective |
To evaluate the difference in water intake of individuals with dysphagia in alternative power supply route and use of thickener. |
13 individuals / 7 individuals with dysphagia on alternative feeding route and six individuals with oral diet. |
First Stroke / Ischemic or Hemorrhagic |
Water intake |
During five days of hospitalization |
Clinical evaluation |
Individuals with dysphagia using thickener had lower water intake than recommended. |
2001 |
Whelan(2929 Whelan K. Inadequate fluid intakes in dysphagic acute stroke. Clin Nutr. 2001;20(5):423-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/clnu.2001.0467. PMid:11534937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/clnu.2001.0467...
)
|
Prospective |
To evaluate water intake of individuals with dysphagia post-stroke and investigate the incidence of dehydration. |
24 individuals with dysphagia using thickener |
Not specific |
Water intake and analysis of sodium, urea and creatinine concentration |
During 14 days of hospitalization |
Clinical evaluation and video fluoroscopy |
Individuals with dysphagia had lower water intake than recommended. |