Isokinetic dynamometry on the internal rotator and adductor muscles of the swimmers' shoulders: no differences between asymmetrical and symmetrical swimming strokes

Secchi, Leonardo Luiz Barretti; Brech, Guilherme Carlos; Greve, Júlia Maria D'Andréa

doi:10.5935/MedicalExpress.2015.02.02

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH • MedicalExpress (São Paulo, online) 2 (2) • Mar 2015 • https://doi.org/10.5935/MedicalExpress.2015.02.02 copy

Isokinetic dynamometry on the internal rotator and adductor muscles of the swimmers' shoulders: no differences between asymmetrical and symmetrical swimming strokes

DINAMOMETRIA ISOCINÉTICA DOS MÚSCULOS ROTADORES INTERNOS E ADUTORES DOS OMBROS DE NADADORES: SEM DIFERENÇAS ENTRE BRAÇADAS DE NADOS ASSIMÉTRICOS E SIMÉTRICOS

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

In this study, we compare muscular strength of the internal rotators and adductors of the shoulder between asymmetrical (backstroke and freestyle) and symmetrical (breaststroke and butterfly) swimming strokes.

METHOD:

We evaluated: shoulders of (a) asymmetrical swimmers (aged 21.8 ± 3.8 years), (b) symmetrical swimmers (aged 20.3 ± 4.5 years), (c) recreational swimmers (aged 24.5 ± 4.5 years), and (d) control individuals (aged 25.8 ± 3.5 years). All evaluations were performed on a Biodex® isokinetic dynamometer at velocities of 60° and 300°/second. Adduction and internal rotation movements were evaluated. The variables studied were peak torque corrected for body weight (PTQ/BW), total work (TW) and the agonist/antagonist relationship.

RESULTS:

There were no differences in adductor strength between the symmetrical and asymmetrical swimmers regarding PTQ/BW (symmetrical: 114.4 Newto-meter vs. asymmetrical: 109.4 Newton-meter) and TW (symmetrical: 642.9 Joules; asymmetrical: 641.5 Joules). There was no difference in the abduction/adduction relationship between the symmetrical (67.4%) and asymmetrical (68.3%) swimmers. There was no difference in the internal rotator musculature between the symmetrical and asymmetrical swimmers regarding the variables PTQ/BW (symmetrical = 66.4 Newton-meter and asymmetrical = 63.4 Newton-meterm) and TW (symmetrical = 517.4 J and asymmetrical 526.7 J). There was no difference in the ratio of external to internal rotation of the shoulder between the symmetrical (65.7%) and asymmetrical (61.5%) swimmers.

CONCLUSIONS:

There were no differences in muscular strength in the adductor and internal rotator muscles of the shoulder between symmetrical and asymmetrical swimming strokes.

KEYWORDS:
Shoulder; Swimming; Muscle force; Dynamometry; Physiotherapy; Torque

		Mean (SD)	Median	Q1	Q3	P-value
PTQ/BW (%)	ASG	114.0 (±32.1)	109.4	100.6	124.4
	SSG	113.4 (±25.5)	114.6	101.8	129.5	<0.001^* Krusal Wallis test *P < 0.001 ASG and SSG vs. RG and CG.
	RG	91.4 (±30.4)	88.5	66.6	113.9
	CG	84.2 (±29.4)	79.5	61.7	100.6
TW (J)	ASG	703.2 (± 511.8)	641.5	385.5	913.2
	SSG	670.7 (±289.3)	642.9	425.3	901.2	<0.001^* Krusal Wallis test *P < 0.001 ASG and SSG vs. RG and CG.
	RG	458.0 (± 355.5)	358.4	145.0	806.8
	CG	287.9 (±312.8)	203.7	25.3	456.0
AGO/ANTA (%)	ASG	69.8 (± 12.0)	68.3	60.6	74.8
	SSG	66.5 (± 10.8)	67.4	57.6	72.1	<0.001^* Krusal Wallis test *P < 0.001 ASG and SSG vs. RG and CG.
	RG	74.4 (± 26.9)	68.9	63.1	76.5
	CG	81.3 (± 15.5)	79.6	71.3	88.8

		ASG	SSG	CG
PTQ/BW (%)	SSG	0.505
	RG	0.002^** Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.	0.002^** Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.
	CG	< 0.001^* Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.	< 0.001^* Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.	0.224
TW (J)	SSG	0.698
	RG	0.028^** Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.	0.008^** Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.
	CG	< 0.001^* Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.	< 0.001^* Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.	0.019^** Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.
AGO/ANTA (%)	SSG	0.229
	RG	0.696	0.214
	CG	< 0.001^* Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.	< 0.001^* Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.	0.006^** Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.

		Mean (SD)	Median	Q1	Q3	P-value
PTQ/BW (%)	ASG	62.0 (± 17.6)	49.4	75.9	63.4
	SSG	68.0 (± 14.7)	57.8	79.2	66.4	< 0.001^* Krusal Wallis test *P < 0.001 between ASG and SSG vs. RG and CG.
	RG	49.7 (± 16.3)	39.6	61.3	46.0
	CG	47.5 (± 12.8)	35.6	58.0	48.2
TW(J)	ASG	538.0 (± 235.8)	319.8	695.1	526.7
	SSG	552.0 (± 226.9)	371.5	723.2	517.4	< 0.001^* Krusal Wallis test *P < 0.001 between ASG and SSG vs. RG and CG.
	RG	242.9 (± 139.5)	155.8	296.6	232.0
	CG	347.5 (± 237.0)	144.1	515.3	294.2
AGO/ANTA (%)	ASG	70.5 (± 44.7)	57.3	66.8	61.5
	SSG	63.2 (± 9.4)	56.7	70.8	65.7	< 0.001^* Krusal Wallis test *P < 0.001 between ASG and SSG vs. RG and CG.
	RG	72.2 (± 12.7)	62.3	83.0	68.7
	CG	76.1 (± 11.8)	67.7	83.3	73.1

		ASG	SSG	RG
PTQ/BW (%)	SSG	0.105
	RG	0.007^** Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.	< 0.001^* Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.
	CG	< 0.001^* Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.	< 0.001^* Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.	0.395
TW (J)	SSG	0.765
	RG	< 0.001^* Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.	< 0.001^* Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.
	CG	< 0.001^* Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.	< 0.001^* Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.	0.144
AGO/ANTA (%)	SSG	0.417
	RG	0.001^** Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.	0.007^** Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.
	CG	< 0.001^* Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.	< 0.001^* Mann-Whitney test P < 0.001 *P < 0.05.	0.144

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