Electroencephalogram Evidence for Memory Suppression: A Systematic Review

Dutra, Camila Arguello; Beria, Francielle Machado; Ligório, Isadora Silveira; Gauer, Gustavo

doi:10.9788/TP2019.3-01

Camila Arguello Dutra ^** Mailing address: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Psicologia, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 2º andar, sala 227, Porto Alegre -RS, Brasil, CEP 90035-003. E-mail: camiladutra.psico@gmail.com, fmberia@gmail.com, isa.ligorio@gmail.com and gusgauer@gmail.com

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1620-0651

Francielle Machado Beria

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2461-1968

Isadora Silveira Ligório

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5503-238X

Gustavo Gauer

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8536-9493

* Mailing address: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Psicologia, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 2º andar, sala 227, Porto Alegre -RS, Brasil, CEP 90035-003. E-mail: camiladutra.psico@gmail.com, fmberia@gmail.com, isa.ligorio@gmail.com and gusgauer@gmail.com

Authors’ Contributions

Substantial contribution in the concept and design of the study: Gustavo Gauer e Camila Arguello Dutra.

Contribution to data collection: Camila Arguello Dutra, Francielle Machado Beria, Isadora Silveira Ligório.

Contribution to data analysis and interpre-tation: Camila Arguello Dutra, Francielle Machado Beria, Isadora Silveira Ligório e Gustavo Gauer.

Contribution to manuscript preparation: Camila Arguello Dutra.

Contribution to critical revision, adding intelectual content: Gustavo Gauer e Camila Arguello Dutra.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest related to the publication of this manuscript.

Study	Subjects	Task	Results
Waldhauser, Lindgren, & Johansson, 2012Waldhauser, G. T., Lindgren, M., & Johansson, M. (2012). Intentional suppression can lead to a reduction of memory strength: Behavioral and electrophysiological findings. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 401. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00401 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00401...	22 healthy right-handed participants	TNT paradigm, 30 word pairs	More negative-going ERPs at frontal electrode sites for NT condition.
Depue et al., 2013Depue, B., Ketz, N., Mollison, M. V., Nyhus, E., Banich, M. T., & Curran, T. (2013). ERPs and Neural oscillations during volitional suppression of memory retrieval. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 25, 1624-1633. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_00418 https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00418...	29 undergraduate students	TNT paradigm, 44 face-picture pairs	Overall increase of the parietal effect for T, as compared with NT and baseline trials.
Streb, Mecklinger, Anderson, Johanna, & Lass-Hennemann, 2016Streb, M., Mecklinger, A., Anderson, M. C., Johanna, L. H., & Michael, T. (2016). Memory control ability modulates intrusive memories after analogue trauma. Journal of Affective Disorders, 192, 134-142. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.032 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.03...	21 healthy right-handed participants	TNT paradigm, 84 weakly related, neutrally valenced word pairs	The NT condition showed greater negative going ERPs at fronto-central electrode sites and an N2 component between 350 and 450ms over frontal and central electrodes.
Hellerstedt, Johansson, & Anderson, 2016Hellerstedt, R., Johansson, M., & Anderson, M. C. (2016). Tracking the intrusion of unwanted memories into awareness with event-related potentials. Neuropsychologia, 89, 510-523. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.07.008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsycholog...	32 healthy right-handed participants	TNT paradigm, 96 semantically unrelated word pairs	A significantly greater negative slow wave (NSW) effect for intrusions compared with avoided retrievals in the 550-900ms. The LPP was attenuated during retrieval suppression.
Chen et al., 2012Chen, C., Liu, C., Huang, R., Cheng, D., Wu, H., Xu, P., Mai, X., & Luo, Y. J. (2012). Suppression of aversive memories associates with changes in early and late stages of neurocognitive processing. Neuropsychologia, 50(12), 2839-2848. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.08.004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsycholog...	20 healthy right-handed participants	TNT paradigm, 48 face-picture pairs	Memory suppression were associated with changes during a time window of 70-260 ms, such as P1 and N2, mainly at the right inferior frontal gyrus and occipital lobe.
Hanslmayr et al., 2009Hanslmayr, S., Leipold, P., Pastötter, B., & Bäuml, K. H. (2009). Anticipatory signatures of voluntary memory suppression. Journal of Neuroscience, 29(9), 2742-2747. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4703-08.2009 https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4703-0...	24 healthy right-handed participants	TNT paradigm, 54 neutral faces and 54 semantically unrelated words	ERP effects were due to a decreased right frontal and left parietal positivity. Positivity in the NT condition was selectively reduced over right frontal and left parietal electrode sites.
Mecklinger & Jäger, 2009Mecklinger, A., & Jäger, T. (2009). Episodic memory storage and retrieval: Insights from electrophysiological measures. Neuroimaging and Psychological Theories of Human Memory, 357-382. doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199217298.003.0020 https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/97801...	24 healthy participants	TNT paradigm, 70 weakly related word pairs	An early P2 component and a parietal positivity were related to retrieval attempts and a centro-parietal N2 component was associated with attempts to avoid memory retrieval. The parietal positivity was attenuated for NT trials on learned items. Stop signal N2 showed a similar centro-parietal scalp distribution as the N2 to NT trials.
Bergström et al., 2009Bergström, Z. M., de Fockert, J. W., & Richardson-Klavehn, A. (2009). ERP and behavioural evidence for direct suppression of unwanted memories. NeuroImage, 48(4), 726-737.	21 participants in the Substitution group and 23 participants in the Suppression group	TNT paradigm, 36 weakly related word pairs	Only direct memory suppression reduced centro-parietal positivity in the event-related potentials (ERP) between 300 and 600ms post-stimulus. Only direct memory suppression produced later inhibitory forgetting that was predicted by an earlier negative. Thought substitution produced later non-inhibitory forgetting and had no effect on the ERP correlate of recollection.

Study	Subjects	Task	Results
Waldhauser et al., 2014Waldhauser, G. T., Bäuml, K. H. T., & Hanslmayr, S. (2014). Brain oscillations mediate successful suppression of unwanted memories.Cerebral Cortex, 25(11), 4180-4190. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhu138 https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhu138...	24 healthyright- handedvolunteers	TNT paradigm, 54 faces with a neutral expression semantically unrelated words	Control effects increased power in the theta (5–9 Hz) frequency band in the medial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and higher long-range alpha (10–14 Hz) phase synchronization
Ketz, O'Reilly, & Curran, 2014Ketz, N., O’Reilly, R. C., & Curran, T. (2014). Classification aided analysis of oscillatory signatures in controlled retrieval. Neuroimage, 85, 749-760. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.077 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.201...	30 healthyright-handedparticipants	TNT paradigm, 96 word-image pairs	Prominent theta oscillations (3 to 8 Hz) in controlled retrieval. Beta oscillations (12 to 30 Hz) were involved in high levels of both controlled retrieval and suppression
Depue et al., 2013Depue, B., Ketz, N., Mollison, M. V., Nyhus, E., Banich, M. T., & Curran, T. (2013). ERPs and Neural oscillations during volitional suppression of memory retrieval. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 25, 1624-1633. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_00418 https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00418...	29 undergraduates	TNT paradigm, 44 female face-picture pairs	Increases in both alpha and theta power for NT as compared with T trials across parietal electrodes

[1] * Mailing address: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Psicologia, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, 2º andar, sala 227, Porto Alegre -RS, Brasil, CEP 90035-003. E-mail: camiladutra.psico@gmail.com, fmberia@gmail.com, isa.ligorio@gmail.com and gusgauer@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Electroencephalogram Evidence for Memory Suppression: A Systematic Review

Evidências de Eletroencefalograma para Supressão de Memória: Uma Revisão Sistemática

Evidencia de Electroencefalograma para la Supresión de la Memoria: Una Revisión Sistemática

Abstract