Hypothyroid offspring replacement with euthyroid wet nurses during lactation improves thyroid programming without modifying metabolic programming

Tapia-Martínez, Jorge; Franco-Colín, Margarita; Ortiz-Butron, Rocio; Pineda-Reynoso, Marisol; Cano-Europa, Edgar

doi:10.20945/2359-3997000000132

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

original article • Arch. Endocrinol. Metab. 63 (3) • May-Jun 2019 • https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000132 copy

Hypothyroid offspring replacement with euthyroid wet nurses during lactation improves thyroid programming without modifying metabolic programming

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

Determine the milk quality effect during lactation on the metabolic and thyroid programming of hypothyroid offspring.

Materials and methods

Ten-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into two groups: euthyroid and thyroidectomy-caused hypothyroidism. The rats were matted and, one day after birth, the pups were divided into three groups: euthyroid offspring (EO), hypothyroid offspring (HO) and hypothyroid with a euthyroid replacement wet nurse (HRO). During lactation, the milk quality and offspring body length were evaluated. The body weight and energy intake were determined on a weekly basis, as well as the metabolic profile at the prepubertal (P35-36) and postpubertal (P55-56) ages. At P56, the animals were sacrificed, the adipose tissues were weighed and the thyroid glands were dissected for histological processing.

Results

The milk of the hypothyroid wet nurse decreases proteins (16-26%), lipids (22-29%) and lactate (22-37%) with respect to euthyroid. The HO has a lower body weight gain (23-33%), length (11-13%) and energy intake (15-21%). In addition, HO presents impaired fasting glucose and dyslipidemia, as well as a reduction in seric thyroid hormone (18-34%), adipose reserves (26-68%) and thyroid gland weight (25-34%). The HO present thyroid gland cytoarchitecture alteration. The HRO develop the same metabolic alterations as the HO. However, the thyroid gland dysfunction was partially prevented because the HRO improved under about 10% of the serum thyroid hormone concentration, the thyroid gland weight although histological glandular changes presented.

Conclusions

The replacement of hypothyroid offspring with a euthyroid wet nurse during lactation can improve the thyroid programming without modifying metabolic programming.

Congenital hypothyroidism; lactation; metabolic programming; thyroid programming; thyroid gland

Milk energetic metabolites	Day lactation	Females

		Euthyroid (EWN, n = 8)	Hypothyroid (HWN, n = 12)
Proteins (mg/dL)	7	53.23 ± 0.81^a	45.04 ± 1.14^b
	14	59.08 ± 1.48^a	43.91 ± 0.984^b
	21	57.73 ± 1.16^a	47.26 ± 1.67^a
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	7	163.06 ± 7.95^a	128.33 ± 6.53^d
	14	155.24 ± 9.59^b	110.14 ± 7.63^a
	21	153.13 ± 7.12^c	119.75 ± 4.20^c
Lactate (mg/dL)	7	7.90 ± 0.38^a	6.13 ± 0.55^b
	14	6.93 ± 0.57^b	4.38 ± 0.475^d
	21	9.77 ± 0.64^c	7.03 ± 0.72^e
NEFA (mmol/mL)	7	14.12 ± 0.79^a	12.73 ± 0.65^b
	14	13.48 ± 0.42^a	12.03 ± 1.12^b
	21	14.92 ± 0.39^a	12.66 ± 1.54^b

Serum concentration		Prepubertal age (P35)			Postpubertal age (P55)

		Euthyroid (EO; n = 12)	Hypothyroid (HO; n = 12)	Hypothyroid with Euthyroid wet nurse (HRO; n = 12)	Euthyroid (EO; n = 12)	Hypothyroid (HO; n = 12)	Hypothyroid with Euthyroid wet nurse (HRO; n = 12)
Male	Glucose (mg/dL)	95.60 ± 1.25^a	117.00 ± 2.72^b	110.60 ± 4.65^b	95.40 ± 0.872^a	119.40 ± 4.37^b	107.80 ± 4.02^b
	Triglycerides (mg/dL)	78.80 ± 3.61^a	120.00 ± 6.74^b	116. 60 ± 7.45^b	79.00 ± 3.78^a	132.20 ± 9.49^b	130.60 ± 7.22^b
	Cholesterol (mg/dL)	50.00 ± 1.92^a	80.00 ± 2.45^b	77.60 ± 2.79^b	56.80 ± 3.18^a	91.60 ± 3.59^b	89.80 ± 1.50^b
	NEFA (mmol/ mL)	1.36 ± 0.07^a	1.08 ± 0.06^b	0.98 ± 0.05^b	1.74 ± 0.11^a	0.96 ± 0.05^b	0.96 ± 0.19^b
Female	Glucose (mg/dL)	95.20 ± 1.16^a	114.80 ± 4.26^b	104.80 ± 4.64^b	94.40 ± 1.81^a	112.80 ± 6.65^b	108.00 ± 4.50^b
	Triglycerides (mg/dL)	85.60 ± 4.23^a	117.20 ± 7.46^b	128.40 ± 9.96^b	87.80 ± 3.15^a	130.40 ± 9.84^b	133.00 ± 10.38^b
	Cholesterol (mg/dL)	57.20 ± 3.41^a	88.00 ± 3.44^b	86.20 ± 3.31^b	57.40 ± 2.23^a	90.80 ± 2.52^b	89.40 ± 1.47^b
	NEFA (mmol/ mL)	1.34 ± 0.06^a	1.15 ± 0.06^b	1.01 ± 0.05^b	1.65 ± 0.09^a	0.88 ± 0.06^b	0.83 ± 0.14^b

Serum concentration		Prepubertal age (P36)			Postpubertal age (P56)

		Euthyroid (EO)	Hypothyroid (HO)	Hypothyroid with Euthyroid wet nurse (HRO)	Euthyroid (EO)	Hypothyroid (HO)	Hypothyroid with Euthyroid wet nurse (HRO)
Male	T₃ (ng/dL) (n = 12)	104.34 ± 5.37^a	83.78 ± 3.89^b	96.46 ± 1.68^c	126.80 ± 4.62^a	84.58 ± 3.83^b	103. 02 ± 2.26^c
Male	T₄ (µg/dL) (n = 12)	9.20 ± 0.14^a	7.50 ± 0.08^b	8.96 ± 0.20^c	10.92 ± 0.22^a	8.58 ± 0.27^b	9.40 ± 0.12^c
	Thyroid gland weight (mg) (n = 6)	-----	-----	-----	18.20 ± 1.21^a	12.10 ± 0.48^b	14.94 ± 1.146^c
Female	T₃ (ng/dL) (n = 12)	88.66 ± 2.69^a	73.36 ± 2.18^b	94.34 ± 2.61^c	124.26 ± 8.96^a	94.16 ± 5.22^b	90.78 ± 2.52^c
Female	T₄ (µg/dL) (n = 12)	10.22 ± 0.21^a	7.98 ± 0.26^b	9.54 ± 0.16^c	10.60 ± 0.22^a	8.32 ± 0.19^b	9. 00 ± 0.17^c
	Thyroid gland weight (mg) (n = 6)	-----	-----	-----	17.2 ± 1.02^a	12.94 ± 0.37^b	15.92 ± 0.36^c

Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia Rua Botucatu, 572 - Conjuntos 81/83, 04023-061 São Paulo SP Brasil, Tel: (55 11) 5575-0311 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: aem.editorial.office@endocrino.org.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Correspondence to: Edgar Cano-Europa. edgarcanoeuropa@yahoo.com.mx