(Simpson, 2008Simpson R. Making better decisions. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine. 2008; 27(2):23-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/EMB.2007.907394. PMid:18463018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/EMB.2007.90739...
), (Pinheiro et al., 2011Pinheiro CG Jr, Naves ELM, Pino P, Losson E, Andrade AO, Bourhis G. Alternative communication systems for people with severe motor disabilities: a survey. Biomedical Engineering Online. 2011; 10(1):31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-925X-10-31. PMid:21507236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-925X-10-3...
) |
High cost of input data devices |
Use an existing low cost device |
(McCoy et al., 2013McCoy KF, Arnott JL, Ferres L, Fried-Oken M, Roark B. Speech and language processing as assistive technologies. Computer Speech & Language. 2013; 27(6):1143-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csl.2013.04.005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csl.2013.04....
), (Hill, 2010Hill K. Advances in augmentative and alternative communication as quality-of-life technology. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America. 2010; 21(1):43-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2009.07.007. PMid:19951777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2009.07....
) |
Lack of training and technical support from suppliers |
Develop open source Solution |
(Arnott and Alm, 2013Arnott JL, Alm N. Towards the improvement of Augmentative and Alternative Communication through the modelling of conversation. Computer Speech & Language. 2013; 27(6):1194-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csl.2012.10.008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csl.2012.10....
), (Ann and Theng, 2011bAnn OC, Theng LB. Biometrics based assistive communication tool for children with special needs. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Information Technology in Asia; 2011. 2011b. p. 1-6.), (Bhattacharya et al., 2008aBhattacharya S, Samanta D, Basu A. Performance models for automatic evaluation of virtual scanning keyboards. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering. 2008a; 16(5):510-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2008.2003377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2008.200...
; 2008bBhattacharya S, Samanta D, Basu A. User errors on scanning keyboards: Empirical study, model and design principles. Interacting with Computers. 2008b; 20(3):406-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2008.03.002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2008....
), (Ming et al., 2009Ming D, Zhu Y, Qi H, Wan B, Hu Y, Luk KDK. Study on EEG-based mouse system by using brain-computer interface. In: VECIMS 2009: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Virtual Environments, Human-Computer Interfaces, and Measurements Systems; 2009. 2009. p. 236-9.), (Keegan et al., 2009Keegan J, Burke E, Condron J. An electrooculogram-based Binary Saccade Sequence Classification (BSSC) technique for augmentative communication and control. In: EMBC 2009: Proceedings of the 31st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society: Engineering the Future of Biomedicine. 2009. p. 2604-7.), (Schalk et al., 2008Schalk G, Brunner P, Gerhardt LA, Bischof H, Wolpaw JR. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs): detection instead of classification. Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 2008; 167(1):51-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.08.010. PMid:17920134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.200...
), (Sun et al., 2010Sun GSG, Hu JHJ, Wu GWG. A novel frequency band selection method for common spatial pattern in motor imagery based brain computer interface. In: Proceedings of the 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks; 18-23 July 2010; Barcelona. Barcelona: IEEE; 2010. p. 1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN.2010.5596474. Neural Networks...
), (Thompson et al., 2013Thompson DE, Blain-Moraes S, Huggins JE. Performance assessment in brain-computer interface-based augmentative and alternative communication. Biomedical Engineering Online. 2013; 12:43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-925X-12-43. PMid:23680020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-925X-12-4...
) |
Low frequency of data input |
Recognize patterns of signals instead of working with the binary approach |
(Biswas and Samanta, 2008Biswas P, Samanta D. Friend: a communication aid for persons with disabilities. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering. 2008; 16(2):205-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2008.917305. PMid:18403290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2008.917...
), (Mason and Chinn, 2010Mason C, Chinn KM. Augmentative-alternative communication. 3rd ed. Oxford: Elsevier Science; 2010. International Encyclopedia of Education.) |
Complex communication environment Interface |
Conduct a usability study for this type of application |
(Prabhu and Prasad, 2011Prabhu V, Prasad G. Designing a virtual keyboard with multi-modal access for people with disabilities. In: Proceedings of the 2011 World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies. 2011. p. 1133-8.), (Doval et al., 2010Doval FMG, Carballo JMP, Vez Jeremías JM. TICTAC: Information and communication technologies for augmentative communication boards. In: Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Education Engineering Conference. 2010. p. 1783-7.), (Silva and Pereira, 2011Silva F, Pereira F. Communication between people with motion and speech disabilities. In: Proceedings of the 6th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies. 2011. p. 1-4.), (Bhattacharya et al., 2008aBhattacharya S, Samanta D, Basu A. Performance models for automatic evaluation of virtual scanning keyboards. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering. 2008a; 16(5):510-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2008.2003377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2008.200...
), (Besio et al., 2009Besio WG, Kay SM, Liu X. An optimal spatial filtering electrode for brain computer interface. In: EMBC 2009: Proceedings of the 31st Annual International Conference on IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society: Engineering the Future of Biomedicine. 2009. p. 3138-41.), (Pinheiro et al., 2011Pinheiro CG Jr, Naves ELM, Pino P, Losson E, Andrade AO, Bourhis G. Alternative communication systems for people with severe motor disabilities: a survey. Biomedical Engineering Online. 2011; 10(1):31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-925X-10-31. PMid:21507236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-925X-10-3...
), (Orhan et al., 2012Orhan U, Hild KE, Erdogmus D, Roark B, Oken B, Fried-Oken M. RSVP keyboard: an EEG based typing interface. In: Proceedings of the ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal. 2012. p. 645-8.), (Park et al., 2012Park S-W, Yim YL, Yi SH, Kim HY, Jung SM. Augmentative and alternative communication training using eye blink switch for locked-in syndrome patient. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2012; 36(2):268-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2012.36.2.268. PMid:22639753. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2012.36.2....
), (Silva and Pereira, 2011Silva F, Pereira F. Communication between people with motion and speech disabilities. In: Proceedings of the 6th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies. 2011. p. 1-4.), (Naves et al., 2012Naves E, Rocha L, Pino P. Alternative communication system for people with severe motor disabilities using myoelectric signal control. In: BRC 2012: Proceedings of the ISSNIP Biosignals and Biorobotics Conference: Biosignals and Robotics for Better and Safer Living; 2012. 2012.) |
Homogeneous strategy representation of natural language |
Representing natural language by symbols and letters |
(Prabhu and Prasad, 2011Prabhu V, Prasad G. Designing a virtual keyboard with multi-modal access for people with disabilities. In: Proceedings of the 2011 World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies. 2011. p. 1133-8.), (Usakli et al., 2009Usakli AB, Gurkan S, Aloise F, Vecchiato G, Babiloni F. A hybrid platform based on EOG and EEG signals to restore communication for patients afflicted with progressive motor neuron diseases. In: Proceedings of the 31st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society: Engineering the Future of Biomedicine. 2009. p. 543-6.), (Doval et al., 2010Doval FMG, Carballo JMP, Vez Jeremías JM. TICTAC: Information and communication technologies for augmentative communication boards. In: Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Education Engineering Conference. 2010. p. 1783-7.), (Arboleda et al., 2009Arboleda C, García E, Posada A, Torres R. P300-based brain computer interface experimental setup. In: EMBC 2009: Proceedings of the 31st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society: Engineering the Future of Biomedicine. 2009. p. 598-601.), (Besio et al., 2009Besio WG, Kay SM, Liu X. An optimal spatial filtering electrode for brain computer interface. In: EMBC 2009: Proceedings of the 31st Annual International Conference on IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society: Engineering the Future of Biomedicine. 2009. p. 3138-41.), (Bhattacharya et al., 2008aBhattacharya S, Samanta D, Basu A. Performance models for automatic evaluation of virtual scanning keyboards. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering. 2008a; 16(5):510-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2008.2003377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2008.200...
; 2008bBhattacharya S, Samanta D, Basu A. User errors on scanning keyboards: Empirical study, model and design principles. Interacting with Computers. 2008b; 20(3):406-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2008.03.002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2008....
), (Biswas and Samanta, 2008Biswas P, Samanta D. Friend: a communication aid for persons with disabilities. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering. 2008; 16(2):205-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2008.917305. PMid:18403290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2008.917...
), (Car et al., 2011Car Z, Vukovic M, Vucak I, Pibernik J, Dolic J. A platform model for symbol based communication services. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Telecommunications. 2011. p. 141-8.), (Pinheiro et al., 2011Pinheiro CG Jr, Naves ELM, Pino P, Losson E, Andrade AO, Bourhis G. Alternative communication systems for people with severe motor disabilities: a survey. Biomedical Engineering Online. 2011; 10(1):31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-925X-10-31. PMid:21507236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-925X-10-3...
), (Orhan et al., 2012Orhan U, Hild KE, Erdogmus D, Roark B, Oken B, Fried-Oken M. RSVP keyboard: an EEG based typing interface. In: Proceedings of the ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal. 2012. p. 645-8.) |
Arrangement of the virtual keyboard keys |
Designing a set of keys optimized for text input |
(Prabhu and Prasad, 2011Prabhu V, Prasad G. Designing a virtual keyboard with multi-modal access for people with disabilities. In: Proceedings of the 2011 World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies. 2011. p. 1133-8.), (Usakli et al., 2009Usakli AB, Gurkan S, Aloise F, Vecchiato G, Babiloni F. A hybrid platform based on EOG and EEG signals to restore communication for patients afflicted with progressive motor neuron diseases. In: Proceedings of the 31st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society: Engineering the Future of Biomedicine. 2009. p. 543-6.), (Doval et al., 2010Doval FMG, Carballo JMP, Vez Jeremías JM. TICTAC: Information and communication technologies for augmentative communication boards. In: Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Education Engineering Conference. 2010. p. 1783-7.), (Arboleda et al., 2009Arboleda C, García E, Posada A, Torres R. P300-based brain computer interface experimental setup. In: EMBC 2009: Proceedings of the 31st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society: Engineering the Future of Biomedicine. 2009. p. 598-601.), (Besio et al., 2009Besio WG, Kay SM, Liu X. An optimal spatial filtering electrode for brain computer interface. In: EMBC 2009: Proceedings of the 31st Annual International Conference on IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society: Engineering the Future of Biomedicine. 2009. p. 3138-41.), (Bhattacharya et al., 2008aBhattacharya S, Samanta D, Basu A. Performance models for automatic evaluation of virtual scanning keyboards. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering. 2008a; 16(5):510-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2008.2003377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2008.200...
; 2008bBhattacharya S, Samanta D, Basu A. User errors on scanning keyboards: Empirical study, model and design principles. Interacting with Computers. 2008b; 20(3):406-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2008.03.002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2008....
), (Biswas and Samanta, 2008Biswas P, Samanta D. Friend: a communication aid for persons with disabilities. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering. 2008; 16(2):205-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2008.917305. PMid:18403290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2008.917...
), (Car et al., 2011Car Z, Vukovic M, Vucak I, Pibernik J, Dolic J. A platform model for symbol based communication services. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Telecommunications. 2011. p. 141-8.), (Pinheiro et al., 2011Pinheiro CG Jr, Naves ELM, Pino P, Losson E, Andrade AO, Bourhis G. Alternative communication systems for people with severe motor disabilities: a survey. Biomedical Engineering Online. 2011; 10(1):31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-925X-10-31. PMid:21507236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-925X-10-3...
), (Orhan et al., 2012Orhan U, Hild KE, Erdogmus D, Roark B, Oken B, Fried-Oken M. RSVP keyboard: an EEG based typing interface. In: Proceedings of the ICASSP, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal. 2012. p. 645-8.) |
Multiple interactions for a single character selection |
Using predictive text techniques to decrease the interaction with the input device |