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Q
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R
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S
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M
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Bi
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Cl
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Ol
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T
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I
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H
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W
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F
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E
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A
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Sh
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Matsushita et al. (1995)Matsushita N, Handa Y, Ichie M, Hoshimiya N. Electromyogram analysis and electrical stimulation control of paralysed wrist and hand. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 1995; 5(2):117-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1050-6411(95)00001-G. PMid:20719643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1050-6411(95)0...
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Ns |
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Ns |
0 to 250 V |
Ns |
X |
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X |
X |
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X |
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X |
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Grasping cylindrical objects. |
Mulcahey et al. (1997)Mulcahey M, Betz RR, Smith BT, Weiss AA, Davis SE. Implanted functional electrical stimulation hand system in adolescents with spinal injuries: an evaluation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1997; 78(6):597-607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(97)90425-1. PMid:9196467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(97)...
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Ns |
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0 to 200 µs (changed after 8 weeks) |
20 mA |
12 a 16 Hz |
Ns |
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X |
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X |
X |
X |
X |
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Open, close and shake hands with control to assist during activities of daily living (ADLs). |
Prochazka et al. (1997)Prochazka A, Gauthier M, Wieler M, Kenwell Z. The bionic glove: an electrical stimulator garment that provides controlled grasp and hand opening in quadriplegia. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1997; 78(6):608-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(97)90426-3. PMid:9196468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(97)...
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X |
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200 µs |
35 mA |
30 Hz |
X |
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X |
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X |
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X |
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X |
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Open, close and shake hand. |
Snoek et al. (2000)Snoek GJ, IJzerman MJ, in ’t Groen F A CG, Stoffers TS, Zilvold G. Use of the NESS handmaster to restore handfunction in tetraplegia: clinical experiences in ten patients. Spinal Cord. 2000; 38(4):244-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3100980. PMid:10822395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3100980...
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Ns |
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10 µs a 500 µs |
60 mA |
18 Hz/36 Hz |
Ns |
X |
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X |
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X |
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X |
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Assistance to hold keys, feeding and other. |
Thorsen et al. (2001)Thorsen R, Spadone R, Ferrarin M. A pilot study of myoelectrically controlled FES of upper extremity. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering. 2001; 9(2):161-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/7333.928576. PMid:11474969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/7333.928576...
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X |
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300 µs |
Ns |
Ns |
X |
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X |
X |
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X |
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Handle extension and thumb force to grasp objects. |
Castro and Cliquet (2001)Castro MCF, Cliquet A Jr. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation and electron-tactile stimulation in rehabilitation of artificial prehension and proprioception in tetraplegic patients. Acta Ortopedica Brasileira. 2001; 9(3):19-28.
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X |
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Ns |
Ns |
20 Hz |
X |
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X |
X |
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X |
X |
X |
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Lateral grip. |
Peckham et al. (2001)Peckham PH, Keith MW, Kilgore KL, Grill JH, Wuolle KS, Thrope GB, Gorman P, Hobby J, Mulcahey M, Carroll S, Hentz VR, Wiegner A. Efficacy of an implanted neuroprosthesis for restoring hand grasp in tetraplegia: a multicenter study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2001; 82(10):1380-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2001.25910. PMid:11588741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2001.2591...
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Ns |
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Ns |
Ns |
Ns |
X |
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X |
X |
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X |
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X |
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Open/close hand; grasp objects; assistance in ADLs. |
Pfurtscheller et al. (2003)Pfurtscheller G, Müller GR, Pfurtscheller J, Gerner HJ, Rupp R. ‘Thought’–control of functional electrical stimulation to restore hand grasp in a patient with tetraplegia. Neuroscience Letters. 2003; 351(1):33-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(03)00947-9. PMid:14550907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(03)...
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X |
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300 µs |
Ns |
16 Hz |
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X |
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X |
X |
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X |
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X |
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Side handshake and grasp objects. |
Alon and McBride (2003)Alon G, McBride K. Persons with C5 or C6 tetraplegia achieve selected functional gains using a neuroprosthesis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2003; 84(1):119-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2003.50073. PMid:12589632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2003.5007...
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Ns |
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10 µs a 500 µs |
60 mA |
18 Hz/36 Hz |
Ns |
X |
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X |
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X |
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X |
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Hold keys and food, among other ADLs. |
Schearer et al. (2012)Schearer EM, Liao Y-W, Perreault EJ, Tresch MC, Memberg WD, Kirsch RF, Lynch KM. System identification for 3D force control of a human arm neuroprosthesis using functional electrical stimulation. In: 2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA); 2012; Saint Paul, MN. EUA: IEEE; 2012. p. 3698-705.
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X |
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0 to 200 µs |
Ns |
13 Hz |
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X |
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X |
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X |
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X |
X |
Movements in three dimensions aiming to take a hand to mouth during feeding. |
Berends et al. (2013)Berends HI, Boer JM, Renzenbrink GJ, Nijlant JMM, Jannink MJA, Prange GB. Clinical pilot study into the effect of multi-channel EMG-triggered electrical stimulation on arm function and dexterity after stroke. In: 18th Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society (IFESS); 2013; Belgrade, Serbia. Enschede: University of Twente; 2013.
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Ns |
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270 µs |
Ns |
35 Hz |
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X |
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X |
X |
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X |
X |
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Hold objects and surface cleaning. |
Westerveld et al. (2013)Westerveld AJ, Kuck A, Schouten AC, Veltink PH, Van der Kooij H. Passive reach and grasp with functional electrical stimulation and robotic arm support. Spain: Bridging Mind and Body; 2013.
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Ns |
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Ns |
Ns |
Ns |
Ns |
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X |
X |
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X |
X |
X |
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Open/close hand and thumb and grasp objects. |
Štrbac et al. (2013)Štrbac MD, Malešević NM, Čobeljić R, Schwirtlich L. Feedback control of the forearm movement of tetraplegic patient based on Microsoft Kinect and multi-pad electrodes. In: 18th Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society (IFESS); 2013; Belgrade, Serbia. Enschede: University of Twente; 2013.
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Ns |
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250 µs |
0-20 mA |
40 Hz |
Ns |
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X |
X |
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X |
X |
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Flexion and extension of the elbow. |
Koutsou et al. (2013)Koutsou AD, Rocon E, Brunetti F, Moreno JC, Pons JL. A novel method for the analysis of forearm muscle activation by selective sFES. In: 18th Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society (IFESS); 2013; Belgrade, Serbia. Enschede: University of Twente; 2013.
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Ns |
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250 µs |
motor threshold + 2 mA |
30 Hz |
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X |
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X |
X |
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X |
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Monitored movements: pronation / supination of the forearm/flexion/extension of the wrist abduction/adduction/extension/flexion of the fingers. |
Imatz et al. (2013)Imatz E, Hoffmann U, Veneman J, Malešević N, Keller T. Stimulation discomfort comparison of asynchronous and synchronous methods with multi-field surface electrodes. In: 18th Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society (IFESS); 2013; Belgrade, Serbia. Enschede: University of Twente; 2013.
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Ns |
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250 µs |
Ns |
40 Hz |
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X |
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X |
X |
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X |
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Handle extension. |
Cologni et al. (2013)Cologni AL, Seel T, Madaschi MG, Previdi F, Werner C, Schauer T. Automatic adjustment of electromyography-based FES control. In: 18th Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society (IFESS); 2013; Belgrade, Serbia. Enschede: University of Twente; 2013.
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Ns |
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Ns |
Ns |
20 Hz |
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X |
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X |
X |
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X |
X |
X |
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Grip and release objects. |
Exell et al. (2013)Exell T, Freeman C, Meadmore K, Hughes A-M, Hallewell E, Burridge J. Stimulation of hand postures using an electrode array and iterative learning control. In: 18th Annual Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society (IFESS); 2013; Belgrade, Serbia. Enschede: University of Twente; 2013.
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X |
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0 to 300 µs |
5 V |
40 Hz |
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X |
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X |
X |
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X |
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Activities with fine motor skills of the hand and fingers. |
Kapadia et al. (2013)Kapadia N, Zivanovic V, Popovic MR. Restoring voluntary grasping function in individuals with incomplete chronic spinal cord injury: pilot study. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation. 2013; 19(4):279-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/sci1904-279. PMid:24244093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/sci1904-279...
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X |
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250 µs |
8-50 mA |
40 Hz |
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X |
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X |
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X |
X |
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Monitored movements: flexion / extension of the wrist abduction/adduction/extension/flexion/oppositors of the fingers – precision grip and power grasp. |
Memberg et al. (2014)Memberg WD, Polasek KH, Hart RL, Bryden AM, Kilgore KL, Nemunaitis GA, Hoyen HA, Keith MW, Kirsch RF. Implanted neuroprosthesis for restoring arm and hand function in people with high level tetraplegia. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2014; 95(6):1201e1-11e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2014.01.028. PMid:24561055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2014.01...
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Ns |
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225 µs |
0-20 mA |
12-16 Hz |
Ns |
|
X |
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X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
X |
Eating with a fork and finger food, hand shaking, nose scratching, nose wiping with a tissue, face washing, and teeth brushing. |
Kitamura et al. (2015)Kitamura T, Sakaino S, Tsuji T. Bilateral control using functional electrical stimulation. In: Industrial Electronics Society IECON 2015-41st Annual Conference of the IEEE; 2015; Yokohama. EUA: IEE; 2015. p. 002336-41.
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X |
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200 µs |
0 -20 mA |
50 Hz |
Ns |
Ns |
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X |
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X |
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Flexion and extension of the elbow. |
De Marchis et al. (2016)De Marchis C, Monteiro T, Simon-Martinez C, Conforto S, Gharabaghi A. Multi-contact functional electrical stimulation for hand opening: electrophysiologically driven identification of the optimal stimulation site. Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation. 2016; 13(22):1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12984-016-0129-6. PMid:26955873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12984-016-012...
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Ns |
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500 µs |
9 - 10 - 11 mA |
Ns |
X |
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X |
X |
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X |
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Movements of fingers and wrist. |