Effect of calcium fertilization on silver vase bromeliad (<i>Aechmea fasciata</i>)

Author Contribution

CBM: conception and design of the research, analyze and interpretation of data and critically analyses of manuscript. VRS: analyze and interpretation of data, statistical analysis, write and critically analyses of manuscript. LHK: analyze and interpretation of data, statistical analysis, write and critically analyses of manuscript. RJK: ionic balance calculations of nutrient solutions, conception, design and of the research, analyze and interpretation of data and critically analyses of manuscript. SK : conception and design of the research, obtaining data, analyze and interpretation of data, statistical analysis, write and critically analyses of manuscript. ART: conception and design of the research, obtaining data, analyze and interpretation of data, statistical analysis, write and critically analyses of manuscript and financial and obtaining funding.

Figures (3)
Tables (2)

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Figure 1
Averages and adjusted curve for variables stem diameter (A), plant height (B), leaf width (C), number of leaves (D) of silver vase bromeliad (Aechmea fasciata) cultivated on HA solution n.1 (Hoagland and Arnon, 1950HOAGLAND, D.R.; ARNON, D.L. The water culture methods for growing plants whitout soil (Bulletin, v. 347). Berkeley: California Agriculture Experiment Station, 1950. 1-32p.) supplemented with 0.25, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 or 12.5 mM Ca. ** = (0.01 < p ≤ 0.01); * = (0.01 < p ≤ 0.05); NS = Not Significant.

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Figure 2
Averages and adjusted curve for variables fresh (A) and dry (B) leaf mass; fresh (C) and dry (D) total mass; fresh (E) and dry (F) stem mass; fresh (G) and dry (H) root mass of silver vase bromeliad (Aechmea fasciata) cultivated on HA solution n.1 (Hoagland and Arnon, 1950HOAGLAND, D.R.; ARNON, D.L. The water culture methods for growing plants whitout soil (Bulletin, v. 347). Berkeley: California Agriculture Experiment Station, 1950. 1-32p.) supplemented with 0.25, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 or 12.5 mM Ca. ** = (0.01 < p ≤ 0.01); * = (0.01 < p ≤ 0.05); NS = Not Significant.

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Figure 3
Silver vase bromeliad (Aechmea fasciata) fertilized with different calcium concentrations in HA solution n.1 (Hoagland and Arnon, 1950HOAGLAND, D.R.; ARNON, D.L. The water culture methods for growing plants whitout soil (Bulletin, v. 347). Berkeley: California Agriculture Experiment Station, 1950. 1-32p.) modified with 0.25, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10 or 12.5 mM Ca.

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Table 1
Ions and source and concentrations in molarity units to formulate ionic balanced Hoagland and Arnon solution n.1 (1950) with 0.25, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 or 12.5 mM Ca.

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Table 2
Macronutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S), and micronutrients boron (B), cooper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) contents in leaves of silver vase bromeliad cultivated on HA solution n.1 (Hoagland and Arnon, 1950HOAGLAND, D.R.; ARNON, D.L. The water culture methods for growing plants whitout soil (Bulletin, v. 347). Berkeley: California Agriculture Experiment Station, 1950. 1-32p.) supplemented with 0.25, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 or 12.5 mM Ca.

Ion/source	Concentration (mM)
Ion/source	0.25	2.5	5.0	7.5	10.5	12.5
NO₃^--KNO₃	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5
NO₃^--Ca(NO₃)₂.4H₂O	0.5	5.00	10.00	15.00	20.00	25.00
NO₃^--NH₄NO₃	12.5	10.25	7.75	5.25	2.75	0.25
NH₄⁺-NH₄NO₃	12.5	10.25	7.75	5.25	2.75	0.25
N-total	30	30	30	30	30	30
PO₄^3--KH₂PO₄	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
K⁺-KNO₃	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5
K⁺-KH₂PO₄	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
K⁺ total	6	6	6	6	6	6
Ca²⁺-Ca(NO₃)₂.4H₂O	0.25	2.5	5.0	7.5	10.0	12.5
Ca²⁺-total	0.25	2.5	5.0	7.5	10.0	12.5
Mg-MgSO₄.7H₂O	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
SO₄-MgSO₄.7H₂O	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0

Ca (mM)	macronutrient (g kg^-1)						micronutrient (mg kg^-1)
	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn
0.25	21	2.4	22	9	4.8	0.8	26	5	143	368	27
2.5	20	2.3	22	9	4.3	0.8	26	5	116	357	29
5.0	19	2.1	23	9	4.0	0.7	24	5	195	302	36
7.5	18	2.1	22	10	4.3	0.8	23	5	126	345	22
10.0	17	2.0	22	11	3.8	0.8	24	5	132	324	23
12.5	17	1.8	22	13	3.8	0.8	23	5	192	340	22

[1] *Corresponding author: vrsantos@ibot.sp.gov.br

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Effect of calcium fertilization on silver vase bromeliad (Aechmea fasciata)

Efeito da adubação com cálcio na bromélia Aechmea fasciata

Abstract