Incidence of arthropods and phytotechnical characteristics of lisianthus under different greenhouse conditions

Yamada, Marcia; Jahnke, Simone Mundstock; Schäfer, Gilmar

doi:10.1590/2447-536X.v25i4.1755

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Scientific Article • Ornam. Hortic. 25 (4) • Oct-Dec 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v25i4.1755 copy

Incidence of arthropods and phytotechnical characteristics of lisianthus under different greenhouse conditions

Incidência de artrópodes e características fitotécnicas de lisiantos cultivados em casa de vegetação com diferentes condições

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The use of color shading meshes is presented as a new technological approach to manage flowers and ornamental plants. Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinners is a flower that excites interest of producers and consumers. However, there is little technical and scientific information on its production and management. We evaluated the incidence of arthropods and phytotechnical characteristics in two cultivars of cut lisianthus, under the influence of different color shading meshes in commercial greenhouse. The experiments were conducted in the company Floricultura Florist, Dois Irmãos-RS, Brazil. The experiment took place from August to December 2012 and tested the influence of shading meshes with different colors (gray, red, black, and blue) on two varieties of cut lisianthus (Mariage and Bolero White). In each treatment, the phytotechnical characteristics of the plants assessed and arthropod samples were collected. Red mesh produced the best results, and blue, the worst. Nine orders of arthropods from 24 families with different habits were observed. Diptera was the most abundant. The shading screens did not influence the number of arthropods in plants.

Keywords:
Colored shading screens; lisianthus; greenhouse; natural enemies; pests

Treatment	Height (cm)	Flowers	Leaves	Secondary stems	Thickness of rod (mm)
Cultivate / Meshes	Height (cm)	Flowers	Leaves	Secondary stems	Thickness of rod (mm)
Mariage	80.30 ns	7.28 b	18.88 ns	4.64 a	6.43 ns
Bolero White	81.61	8.28 a	19.41	3.88 b	6.21
C.V. (%)	2.26	10.9	5.35	15.29	6.26
Red	85.19 a	8.91 a	19.63 ab	4.75 ns	6.73 a
Gray	80.97 b	8.5 a	19.75 a	4.03	6.57 ab
Black	81.09 b	7.5 ab	18.63 bc	4.34	5.9 c
Blue	76. 56 c	6.22 b	18.56 c	3.90	6.08 bc
C.V. (%)	2.77	18.89	3.75	14.68	6.32

Treatment Cultivate / Meshes	Total dry mass (g)	Roots (g)	Leaves (g)	Buds (g)	Flowers (g)	Stems (g)	Leaf area (cm²)
Mariage	53.45 ns	3.28 a^* * Means followed by distinct letters in the column differ from each other by the Tukey test, at the level of 5% error probability. ns = not significant. C.V = coefficient of variation.	11.13 ns	4.18 ns	12.38 ns	1.49 a	2303.19 ns
Bolero White	50.23	2. 85 b	10.62	3.63	13.19	19.94 b	2132.19
C.V. (%)	10.98	11.89	12.35	24.2	13.5	12.94	12.31
Red	60.60 a	3.50 a	12.82 a	4.57 ns	14.47 a	25.25 a	2700.63 a
Gray	53.66 ab	3.16 a	10.82 b	3.40	14.71 a	21.57 b	2161.00 b
Black	50.95 b	3.12 a	10.72 b	4.08	12.20 ab	20.82 bc	2125.13 b
Blue	42.16 c	2.48 b	9.15 b	3.57	9.75 b	17.21 c	1884.00 b
C.V. (%)	11.03	13.73	12.55	25.93	15.67	12.26	11.28

Days after transplantation		Cultivar
		Mariage	Bolero White	Total
25 (25/08/12)	Vegetative period	6.50 ± 1.93 abc^* * Means followed by different lowercase letters, in the column, and different capital letters, in the row differ from each other at the 5% level of significance, by the Kruskal-Wallis test.	7.17 ± 1.94 ab	6.84 ± 1.83 bc
40 (09/09/12)		15.25 ± 1.50 c	10.08 ± 1.85 b	12.67 ± 3.17 c
55 (24/09/12)		5.75 ± 0.32 abc	5.42 ± 0.57 ab	5.58 ± 0.46 abc
70 (10/10/12)		9.42 ± 1.20 bc	11.92 ± 5.13 b	10.67 ± 3.70 c
85 (25/10/12)	Reproductive period	3.59 ± 0.74 abc	2.17 ± 1.17 ab	2.87 ± 1.20 ab
100 (09/11/12)		1.75 ± 0.32 ab	1.25 ± 0.69 a	1.50 ± 0.56 ab
115 (22/11/12)		0.83 ± 0.64 a	1.33 ± 0.72 a	1.08 ± 0.69 a
Meshes
Red		6.52 ± 1.88 aA^* * Means followed by different lowercase letters, in the column, and different capital letters, in the row differ from each other at the 5% level of significance, by the Kruskal-Wallis test.	5.67 ± 1.53 abA	–
Gray		6.38 ± 1.98 aA	4.28 ± 1.06 bA	–
Black		5.62 ± 1.80 aA	7.33 ± 2.47 aA	–
Blue		6.10 ± 1.98 aA	5.19 ± 1.67 abA	–

Class	Order	Family	Food habit	Mariage			Bolero White
				N	F(%)	C	N	F(%)	C
ARACHNIDA	MESOSTIGMATA	Ascidae	E	25	4.70	w	27	5.63	w
	ARANEAE	Araneomorphae	E	2	0.38	y	–	–	–
COLLEMBOLA	COLLEMBOLA	Collembola	F	22	4.14	w	1	0.21	z
DIPLODA	SCOLOPENDROMORPHA	Scolopendridae	E	2	0.38	y	–	–	–
INSECTA	COLEOPTERA	Chrysomelidae	F	1	0.19	z	2	0.42	y
	DIPTERA	Sciaridae	F	199	37.40	w	222	46.26	w
		Muscidae	F	143	26.89	w	71	14.80	w
		Ephydridae	F	83	15.60	w	97	20.21	w
		Chloropidae	O	6	1.13	y	5	1.04	y
		Agromyzidae	F	4	0.75	y	3	0.63	y
		Chironomidae	O	–	–	–	2	0.42	y
		Simulidae	O	–	–	–	1	0.21	z
		Culicidae	O	–	–	–	1	0.21	z
		Psychodidae	O	1	0.19	z	–	–	–
	HEMIPTERA	Aphididae	F	5	0.94	w	2	0.42	y
	HYMENOPTERA	Figitidae	E	13	2.45	y	22	4.58	y
		Braconidae	E	4	0.75	w	2	0.42	z
		Eulophidae	E	5	0.94	y	–	–	–
		Mymaridae	E	–	–	–	3	0.63	y
		Ceraphronidae	O	1	0.19	z	–	–	–
		Formicidae	E	–	–	–	1	0.21	z
	LEPIDOPTERA	Heterocera	F	–	–	–	1	0.21	z
	THYSANOPTERA	Thripidae	F	13	2.45	w	15	3.13	w
		Phlaeothripidae	F	3	0.57	y	2	0.42	y
Total				532	100		480	100

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[1] *Corresponding author: marciayamada@gmail.com.