Pre-harvest and pulse treatments of spermine, γ- and β-aminobutyric acid increased antioxidant activities and extended the vase life of gerbera cut flowers ‘Stanza’

Mohammadi, Meisam; Aelaei, Mitra; Saidi, Mehdi

doi:10.1590/2447-536X.v26i2.2120

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Scientific Article • Ornam. Hortic. 26 (2) • Apr-Jun 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v26i2.2120 copy

Pre-harvest and pulse treatments of spermine, γ- and β-aminobutyric acid increased antioxidant activities and extended the vase life of gerbera cut flowers ‘Stanza’

Tratamentos pré-colheita e por pulso com espermina, ácido γ- e β-aminobutírico aumentam atividade antioxidante e vida de vaso de flores cortadas de gérbera ‘Stanza’

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Capitulum wilting and neck bending are the two important complications that impair the post-harvest quality and vase life of the gerbera cut flowers. The present study investigates the effects of pre- and post-harvest treatments of spermine (SPER), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) on the vase life, qualitative features and enzyme activity of gerbera cut flowers ‘Stanza’. The pre-harvest treatments (1 mM doses) were applied by foliar spraying, and the post-harvest were by pulse treatment (5 mM doses). The flowers kept their quality longer in pre and post SPER and GABA treatments. The longest vase life was recorded in pre-SPER (14 days) and pre-GABA (13 days) compared to BABA treatments and controls (9 days). Neck bending was observed more frequently in controls whereas SPER and GABA showed a lower neck bending rate at 9 days after harvest. The highest vase solution uptake, total soluble solids, total flavonoid, total protein, the activities of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and ascorbate peroxidase, besides the lowest neck bending, electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, H₂O₂ and polyphenol oxidase activity were observed in pre-SPER treatment and subsequently in pre-GABA. Pre- and post-harvest treatments with β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA) had no significant effects on cut flowers compared to SPER and GABA, although showed slightly better effects than water control. It is therefore suggested that pre-harvest treatment using SPER and GABA can improve the vase life and quality of gerbera cut flowers.

Keywords:
Gerbera jamesonii; enzyme activity; GABA; polyamines; proline

Attributes	Time investigate	Control (pre)	Control (post)	GABA (pre)	GABA (post)	BABA (pre)	BABA (post)	SPER (pre)	SPER (post)
FW (g)	At harvest	30.36^b	30.30^b	33.08^a	30.30^b	30.76^b	30.30^b	32.90^a	30.30^ij
	3 day	30.78^d	30.85^d	36.31^a	33.13^b	31.13^cd	31.50^c	36.85^a	33.45^b
	6 day	28.26^f	28.32^f	34.82^b	32.06^d	28.95^e	29.23^e	35.28^a	32.51^c
	9 day	22.58^ef	22.37^f	30.01^b	27.28^d	22.51^ef	23.02^e	30.70^a	28.05^c
VSU (ml kg^-1 FW day^-1)	At harvest	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	3 day	0.32^e	0.32^e	0.44^a	0.38^c	0.33^e	0.36^d	0.45^a	0.41^b
	6 day	0.23^e	0.23^e	0.35^b	0.30^c	0.23^e	0.26^d	0.37^a	0.31^c
	9 day	0.15^f	0.15^f	0.26^b	0.21^d	0.16^f	0.17^e	0.29^a	0.23^c
MDA (mmol kg^-1)	At harvest	3.96^a	3.98^a	3.68^c	3.98^a	3.88^b	3.98^a^b	3.62^d	3.98^a
	3 day	4.20^a	4.27^a	3.76^e	4.03^cd	4.10^bc	4.16^a	3.72^e	3.97^d
	6 day	5.25^a	5.21^a	4.22^e	4.72^c	5.11^b	5.05^b	4.11^f	4.56^d
	9 day	6.80^a	6.75^a	5.22^e	5.92^c	6.67^ab	6.58^b	5.07^f	5.80^d
Proline (mmol kg^-1)	At harvest	183.12^a	184.37^a	198.32^c	184.37^a	167.50^b	184.37^a	154.25^d	184.37^a
	3 day	189.50^a	189.69^a	197.80^d	185.12^bc	182.37^c	186.50^b	158.12^e	184.50^bc
	6 day	228.50^a	227.37^a	205.12^c	203.75^c	223.50^b	222.87^b	180.12^e	199.87^d
	9 day	261.01^a	262.13^a	216.75^e	231.75^c	253.50^b	251.12^b	205.37^f	225.62^d
H₂O₂ content (µmol g^-1)	At harvest	1.24^a	1.26^a	1.11^b	1.26^a	1.21^a	1.26^a	1.10^b	1.26^a^c
	3 day	1.46^a	1.50^a	1.21^d	1.30^c	1.44a^b	1.40^b	1.19^d	1.29
	6 day	1.98^a	1.95^a	1.41^e	1.61^c	1.89^ab	1.84^b	1.55^cd	1.39^e
	9 day	2.69^a	2.63^a	1.77^d	1.95^c	2.51^b	2.40^b	1.39^e	1.90^c
TSS (% Brix)	At harvest	5.14^a	5.13^a	5.07^b	5.13^ab	5.12^ab	5.13^ab	4.96^c	5.13^ab
	3 day	6.13^ab	6.20^a	5.56^c	5.70^c	5.93^b	5.96^ab	5.16^d	5.60^c
	6 day	4.96^e	4.97^e	5.73^b	6.07^a	5.06d^e	5.12^d	5.63^c	6.01^a
	9 day	3.72^e	3.72^e	5.13^b	4.83^c	4.00^d	4.03^d	5.30^a	4.92^c
EL (%)	At harvest	19.83^a	19.81^a	18.62^b	19.81^a	19.74^a	19.81^a	18.12^c	19.81^a
	3 day	22.77^a	22.83^a	20.42^c	21.97^b	22.81^a	22.47^a	20.17^c	21.60^b
	6 day	35.37^a	35.48^a	29.82^d	32.57^c	34.32^b	34.36^b	28.73^e	31.86^c
	9 day	67.35^a	67.56^a	55.40^f	61.37^d	66.36^b	65.65^c	53.91g	59.50^e
Protein content (g kg^-1)	At harvest	1.11^d	1.11^d	1.34^b	1.11^d	1.13^c	1.11^d	1.37^a	1.11^d
	3 day	1.09^b	1.10^b	1.34^a	1.12^b	1.12^b	1.12^b	1.36^a	1.14^b
	6 day	0.99^f	0.99^f	1.28^b	1.08^d	1.02^e	1.03^e	1.30^a	1.12^c
	9 day	0.87^f	0.86^f	1.16^b	1.01^d	0.89^e	0.90^e	1.21^a	1.07^c

Attributes	Time investigate	Control (pre)	Control (post)	GABA (pre)	GABA (post)	BABA (pre)	BABA (post)	SPER (pre)	SPER (post)
CAT activity (U kg^-1) × 10³	At harvest	181.87^d	181.87^d	218.75^b	181.87^d	190.87^c	181.87^d	229.91^a	181.87^d
	3 day	183.87^d	184.12^d	221.25^b	186.12^d	192.75^c	185.12^d	229.75^a	187.51^d
	6 day	134.86^f	135.50^f	209.74^b	169.37^d	139.00^e	140.62^e	218.49^a	177.87^c
	9 day	102.51^f	103.12^f	172.36^b	143.00^d	109.87^e	110.37^e	182.37^a	150.40^c
POD activity (U kg^-1) × 10³	At harvest	0.395^c	0.398^c	0.467^b	0.398^c^c	0.415^c	0.398^c	0.510^a	0.398^c
	3 day	0.356^d	0.354^d	0.441^b	0.381	0.371^cd	0.373^cd	0.486^a	0.383^c
	6 day	0.228^e	0.231^e	0.385^b	0.279^d	0.242^e	0.249^e	0.422^a	0.318^c
	9 day	0.124^e	0.126^e	0.296^b	0.193^d	0.127^e	0.136^e	0.337^a	0.237^c
SOD activity (U kg^-1) × 10³	At harvest	16.62^b	16.87^b	24.01^jab^b	16.87^b	18.25^b	16.87^b	27.49^a	16.87^b
	3 day	46.62^g	47.50^{^fg}	64.13	52.03^d	48.37^ef	49.04^e	69.25^a	58.02^c
	6 day	35.37^f	35.25^f	58.62^b	46.90^d	37.11^e	37.76^e	63.13^a	50.37^c
	9 day	15.50^{^ef}	14.87^f	37.12^b	26.50^d	15.79^ef	16.53^e	43.73^a	31.51^c
APX activity (U kg^-1) × 10 ³	At harvest	0.475^d	0.480^d	0.542^b^b	0.480^d	0.492^c^e	0.480^d	0.581^a	0.480^d
	3 day	0.436^d	0.430^d	0.521^b	0.461^c	0.451^cd	0.451^cd	0.566^a	0.463^c
	6 day	0.308^e	0.310^e	0.465^b	0.361^d	0.322^e	0.327^e	0.502^a	0.39^c
	9 day	0.206^e	0.206^e	0.376	0.273^d	0.205	0.216^e	0.417^a	0.316^c
PAL activity (U kg^-1) × 10³	At harvest	0.276^b	0.278^b	0.302^a	0.278^b	0.275^b	0.278^b	0.282^b^b	0.278^b
	3 day	0.258^bc	0.262^bc	0.283^a	0.255^c	0.258^bc	0.260^bc	0.270^a	0.257^c
	6 day	0.186^d	0.183^d	0.237^b	0.210^c	0.186^d	0.190^d	0.246^a	0.216^c
	9 day	0.101^g	0.106^fg	0.181^b	0.125^d	0.111^ef	0.115^e	0.197^a	0.140^c
Total phenol (g kg^-1)	At harvest	0.465^d	0.459^d	0.615^b	0.459^d	0.500^c	0.459^d^d	0.631^a	0.459^d^b
	3 day	0.422^e	0.428^e	0.631^a	0.531^c	0.473^d	0.462^d	0.650^a	0.562^b
	6 day	0.323^f	0.320^f	0.567^b	0.512^c	0.351^e	0.363	0.577^a	0.513^c
	9 day	0.213^e	0.207^e	0.487^a	0.397^c	0.256^d	0.261^d	0.500^a	0.436
Flavonoid (g kg^-1)	At harvest	0.196^jd	0.197^d	0.242^b^b	0.197^d	0.213^c	0.197^d	0.254^a	0.197^d
	3 day	0.193^e	0.190^e	0.253^a	0.216^c	0.207^d	0.203^d	0.259^a	0.228^b
	6 day	0.152^d	0.150^d	0.241^a	0.218^b	0.162^c	0.166^c	0.248^a	0.225^b
	9 day	0.103^e	0.096^e	0.196	0.167^c	0.113^d	0.120^d	0.206^a	0.176^c
PPO activity (U kg^-1) × 10³	At harvest	2.83^a	2.84^a	2.53^c	2.84^a	2.71^b	2.84^a	2.32^d	2.84^a
	3 day	3.27^ab	3.30^a	2.67^e	3.02^d	3.21^bc	3.14^c	2.52^f	3.01^d
	6 day	2.88^a	2.91^a	2.49^e	2.74^c	2.81^b	2.78^b	2.42^f	2.67^d
	9 day	2.73^a	2.77^a	2.35^e	2.59^c	2.72^ab	2.70^b	2.30^f	2.56^d

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[1] *Corresponding author: meysammohammadi68@yahoo.com, maelaei@znu.ac.ir