Inhibition of browning problem during the callogenesis of <i>Spartium junceum</i> L.

Taghizadeh, Mina; Dastjerdi, Mahboubeh Ganji

doi:10.1590/2447-536X.v27i1.2230

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Scientific Article • Ornam. Hortic. 27 (1) • Jan-Mar 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2447-536X.v27i1.2230 copy

Inhibition of browning problem during the callogenesis of Spartium junceum L.

Inibição do escurecimento durante a calogênese de Spartium junceum L.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

During different phases of in vitro culture, plant tissues may be exposed to some stresses that never encounter in their natural habitats. The most significant stresses which interfere with in vitro culture are pathogenic contamination and browning disorder. Since browning sign is occurred during all phases of in vitro culture of Spartium junceum L., the present study was done preventing explants from browning during disinfection and callogenesis phases using exposure time of sterilants (ethanol 0, 30, 60 s and home bleach 0, 10, 15 min), antioxidant compounds (PVP 0.5%, Activated charcoal 0.1%, Curcumin 0.1%), Running water (30 and 60 min) plant growth regulators (2,4-D 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg L^-1 and BA 0, 0.1 and 0.2 mg L^-1), and by changing light/dark conditions was designed. The results showed that ethanol 70% (30 s) in combination with home bleach 20% (10 min) had the best effect in control contaminations and browning sign in nodal explants of S. junceum. The application of PVP 0.5% in medium was the best treatment to control of browning nodal explants in callus induction phase. The highest callus formation and the lowest explant browning were obtained on the medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L^-1 2,4-D under the darkness condition. According to the results of this study, how disinfection methods, culture medium compositions and light conditions were effective on the browning and callogenesis of Spartium junceum L.

Keywords:
callus; disinfection; explant; PVP; woody plant

Ethanol 70% (s)	Home Bleach 20% (min)	Fungi infection	Bacterial infection
0	0	6^d	6^e
0	10	3.33^c	1.66^ab
0	15	3^bc	2.33^cb
30	0	2^ab	3^cd
30	10	1^a	2^abc
30	15	1^a	1^a
60	0	1.66^a	3.66^d
60	10	1^a	1.66^ab
60	15	1^a	1.66^ab

Antioxidant treatments	Bacterial infection (ranking)	Explant browning (ranking)	Callogenesis (ranking)
Control	1.00 ^a	5 ^f	Not survival
Medium supplemented with 0.5% PVP	1.00 ^a	0 ^a	5 ^a
Explant immersed in 0.5% PVP (20min)	1.00 ^a	2.26 ^b	4.26 ^abc
Explant immersed in 0.5% PVP (30min)	1.00 ^a	2.13 ^b	3.37 ^bc
Explant immersed in 0.5% PVP (60min)	1.00 ^a	4.13 ^def	4.76 ^ab
Explant immersed in 0.5% PVP (120min)	1.00 ^a	3.90 ^def	3.50 ^c
Explant immersed in 0.5% PVP (240min)	2.66 ^b	4.33 ^def	Not survival
Explant immersed in 0.5% PVP (480min)	3.00 ^b	4.73 ^ef	Not survival
Medium supplemented with turmeric 0.1%	1.00 ^a	4.20 ^def	2.20 d
Medium supplemented with 0.1% AC	1.00 ^a	2.46 ^bc	3.33 ^cd
Running water (30 min)	1.00 ^a	3.40 ^cd	3.20 ^cd
Running water (60 min)	1.00 ^a	3.60 ^de	3.26 ^cd

2,4-D (mg L^-1)	BA (mg L^-1)	Treatment of light regime	Callus induction time (week)	Callogenesis (ranking)	Explant browning (ranking)
0	0	Light	0 ^d	0 ^j	2.12 ^efg
0	0	Dark	0 ^d	0 ^j	0.99 ^c
0	0.1	Light	0 ^d	0 ^j	0.45 ^abc
0	0.1	Dark	0 ^d	0 ^j	0.36 ^ab
0	0.2	Light	0 ^d	0 ^j	0.29 ^ab
0	0.2	Dark	0 ^d	0 ^j	0.07 ^a
0.5	0	Light	3 ^a	4.24 ^abc	0.17 ^ab
0.5	0	Dark	2 ^b	4.57 ^a	0.17 ^ab
0.5	0.1	Light	2 ^b	3.79 ^cd	0.31 ^ab
0.5	0.1	Dark	2 ^b	4.33 ^ab	0.37 ^ab
0.5	0.2	Light	2 ^b	2.74 ^f	0.45 ^abc
0.5	0.2	Dark	2 ^b	4.24 ^abc	0.37 ^ab
1	0	Light	1 ^c	3.16 ^ef	2.34 ^fgh
1	0	Dark	1 ^c	3.99 ^bc	0.99 ^c
1	0.1	Light	1 ^c	2.99 ^f	1.66 ^de
1	0.1	Dark	1 ^c	3.45 ^de	0.66 ^bc
1	0.2	Light	1 ^c	2.78 ^f	1.52 ^d
1	0.2	Dark	1 ^c	3.78 ^cd	0.66 ^bc
2	0	Light	1 ^c	1.62 ^ghi	1.91 ^def
2	0	Dark	1 ^c	1.83 ^g	1.77 ^de
2	0.1	Light	1 ^c	1.70 ^gh	2.49 ^gh
2	0.1	Dark	1 ^c	1.53 ^ghi	2.16 ^efg
2	0.2	Light	1 ^c	1.28 ^hi	2.74 ^h
2	0.2	Dark	1 ^c	1.24 ⁱ	3.48 ⁱ

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[1] * Corresponding author: m-taghizadeh@araku.ac.ir