EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS AND INTERVENTION RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS’ PHYSICAL HEALTH

ANÁLISE EMPÍRICA E INVESTIGAÇÃO DA INTERVENÇÃO SOBRE OS FATORES QUE INFLUENCIAM A SAÚDE FÍSICA DOS ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS

ANÁLISIS EMPÍRICO E INVESTIGACIÓN DE INTERVENCIONES SOBRE LOS FACTORES QUE INFLUYEN EN LA SALUD FÍSICA DE LOS ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS

ABSTRACT

Since the reform and opening up, China’s national living standards have gradually improved, but the current physical health level of college students has not increased with the improvement of living standards. The physical health of college students — as high-quality talents of the country — is related to the future of the country and the nation,. In order to explore the influencing factors of college students’ physical health, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to evaluate the factors affecting students’ physical health. This study analyzes the index of students’ physical health through the method of literature, then revises the evaluation index through expert analysis and analytic hierarchy process, and verifies it through examples. The results show that the final score of the school students’ physical health is 81.55, of which the school factor has the greatest impact on the students’ physical health, and the school factor score is far from the expected score. We can promote the development of students’ physical exercise and improve the level of students’ physical health through the improvement of school sports management. This study provides reference for the healthy development of public sports students in China.

Keywords:
Physical health; analytic hierarchy process; evaluation index; sports

RESUMO

Desde a reforma e a abertura, o padrões de vida nacional da China melhorou gradualmente, mas o atual nível de saúde física dos estudantes universitários não aumentou com a melhoria do padrões de vida. A saúde física dos estudantes universitários — como talentos de alta qualidade do país — SU está relacionada com o futuro do país e da nação. A fim de explorar os fatores que influenciam a saúde física dos estudantes universitários, utilizou-se o processo hierárquico analítico (AHP) para avaliar os fatores que afetam a saúde física dos estudantes. Este estudo analisa o índice de saúde física dos estudantes através do método da literatura, e analisa o índice de avaliação sob a ótica de especialistas e pelo processo hierárquico analítico, e verifica o índice por meio de exemplos. Os resultados mostram que a pontuação final da saúde física dos alunos é 81.55, do qual o fator escolar tem o maior impacto sobre a saúde física dos alunos, e a pontuação do fator escolar está longe da contagem esperada. Podemos promover o desenvolvimento do exercício físico dos alunos e melhorar o nível de sua saúde física através da melhoria da gestão do desporto escolar. Este estudo fornece referências para o desenvolvimento saudável de estudantes de esportes públicos na China.

Descritores:
Salud física; análisis jerárquico; indicadores de evaluación; deporte

RESUMEN

Desde la reforma y la apertura, los niveles de vida nacionales de China han mejorado gradualmente, pero el nivel actual de salud física de los estudiantes universitarios no ha aumentado con la mejora de los niveles de vida. La salud física de los estudiantes universitarios, como talentos de alta calidad del país, está relacionada con el futuro del país y de la nación. Con el fin de explorar los factores que influyen en la salud física de los estudiantes universitarios, se utilizó el proceso de jerarquía analítica (PJA) para evaluar los factores que afectan la salud física de los estudiantes. Este estudio analiza el índice de salud física de los estudiantes a través del método de la literatura, luego revisa el índice de evaluación a través del análisis de expertos y el proceso de jerarquía analítica, y lo verifica mediante ejemplos. Los resultados muestran que el puntaje final de la salud física de los estudiantes de la escuela es 81.55, de los cuales el factor escuela tiene el mayor impacto en la salud física de los estudiantes, y el puntaje del factor escuela está lejos del puntaje esperado. Podemos promover el desarrollo del ejercicio físico de los estudiantes y mejorar el nivel de salud física de los estudiantes mediante la mejora de la gestión deportiva escolar. Este estudio proporciona una referencia para el desarrollo saludable de los estudiantes de deportes públicos en China.

Descriptores:
Saúde física; processo hierárquico analítico; índice de avaliação; desporto

INTRODUCTION

Today, with the rapid development of national economy, culture and science and technology, the physical health of college students, who are the future successors of the country, is worrying. According to the data of the Ministry of education of the people’s Republic of China, the physical health level of college students in China is gradually declining, and will continue to decline in the next few years.¹ A strong youth makes a strong country, and progress means progress. The physical health of college students is related to the future of the country and the nation. Therefore, it is urgent to find out the influencing factors of College Students’ physical health and improve their physical fitness level. As an effective method to improve students’ physical health, physical exercise should be paid attention to. However, the current situation of College Students’ physical exercise is not ideal, and college students’ sports activities are restricted in many aspects.² To make clear the influencing factors of students’ physical health is a prerequisite to improve the level of College Students’ physical health. Therefore, this study has carried out a study on the factors affecting students’ physical health, hoping to lay a solid foundation for the further development of College Students’ physical health.

In order to improve the physical and mental health of sports personnel, Bezyak et al. Proposed to evaluate the physical and mental health of college students. Through the research on the sports activities and mental health of 24 students, the results showed that the current physical and mental health of college students was generally sub-health.³ Wang m et al. proposed to study the physical and mental health of college students by means of literature survey, questionnaire survey and sorting statistics, and analyzed the physical and mental health status of 70 college students. The results show that muscle gain can have a positive impact on physical and mental health.⁴ In this study, the volunteers were divided into intervention group and non intervention group. The intervention group was given certain physical exercise every day. The results showed that the body weight of the intervention group showed a downward trend, and the cardiopulmonary systolic pressure also decreased with the weight loss.⁵ Eisenstadt et al. studied the physical exercise ability and aerobic fitness level of adolescents and adults in CF center of hadassad medical center in Jerusalem, Israel. The research used the method of comparing physical activity questionnaire and exercise test evaluation to evaluate the exercise ability and aerobic ability level of CF patients. Studies have shown that male patients have higher aerobic fitness and exercise ability than female patients with CF.⁶ Through the methods of literature, questionnaire, mathematical statistics, logical analysis and other research methods, Liao Xiaoqing made a survey on the current situation of the physical exercise habits of the ordinary students in Jimei University. The results showed that the proportion of the ordinary students in Jimei University was low, their demand for exercise was weak, and their interest in exercise was unstable; Less time and energy are invested in physical exercise.⁷ According to the type, intensity and duration of intervention, Melissa et al. systematically analyzed the effect of physical exercise on male cardiopulmonary function by using the method of randomized clinical trial. The results show that both aerobic exercise and resistance exercise have positive effects on VO2 of men of different age groups, indicating that exercise has a positive effect on cardiopulmonary function.

Through the research and analysis of scholars at home and abroad, we can see that AHP can be used in various fields. This study not only uses the analytic hierarchy process, but also validates the research index by expert analysis method. It is hoped that this study can provide some reference for the further development of College Students’ physical health in China.

Experimental design and Analysis

This study selected a university in a city as the research object. In order to ensure the preciseness of the experiment, a total of 10 experts in related fields were consulted through telephone interview, email consultation and door-to-door visit. The rationality of the evaluation indicators used in this study was verified. The Table 1 shows the comparison matrix, weight vector and one of the first-class indicators in the study.

Table 1
The weight of the first-level evaluation index is the consistency test.

First-level indicators	A	B	C	D	λmax	CI	RI	CR
A	1	1/2	1/3	1	4.17	(λmax - 4) / 3 = 0.0057	0.90	0.063
B	2	1	1/3	2
C	3	3	1	2
D	1	1/2	1/2	1
W1	W1=(0.150, 0.180, 0.451, 0.219)

It can be seen from the above table that the consistency ratio index CR of the first level index in this study is less than 0.1, so it can be considered that the first level index and its judgment matrix selected in the study meet the consistency requirements. And through the table, we can see the weight of the first level indicators in this study. The weight of personal factor A is 0.15, that of family factor B is 0.18, that of school factor C is 0.451, and that of social factor D is 0.219. After the weight of the first level index is obtained and its consistency meets the requirements, the same method is used to calculate the secondary index. The Table 2 shows the comparison matrix, weight vector and consistency test results of the secondary index in this study.

Table 2
The weight of the secondary evaluation index is the consistency test.

Secondary indicators	A1	A2	A3	A4	λmax	CI	RI	CR
A1	1	1/2	1/3	1	4.17	(λmax - 4) / 3 = 0.0057	0.90	0.063
A2	2	1	1/3	2
A3	3	3	1	2
A4	1	1/2	1/2	1
W1	W1=(0.150, 0.180, 0.451, 0.219)

Secondary indicators	B1	B2	B3	λmax	CI	RI	CR
B1	1	1/2	2	3.05	(λmax - 3) / 2 = 0.0027	0.58	0.046
B2	2	1	2
B3	1/2	1/2	1
W2	W2=(0.31, 0.49, 0.20)

Secondary indicators	C1	C2	C3	C4	λmax	CI	RI	CR
C1	1	2	2	3	4.01	(λmax - 4) / 3 = 0.0035	0.9	0.004
C2	1/2	1	1	2
C3	1/2	1	1	2
C4	1/3	1/2	1/2	1
W3	W3=(0.424, 0.227, 0.227, 0.122)

Secondary indicators	D1	D2	D3	D4	λmax	CI	RI	CR
D1	1	1	3	2	4.01	(λmax - 4) / 3 = 0.002	0.9	0.002
D2	1	1	3	2
D3	1/3	1/3	1	1/2
D4	1/2	1/2	2	1
W4	W4=(0.350, 0.350, 0.110, 0.190)

It can be seen from the above table that the consistency ratio index CR of the four secondary indicators in personal factor A is 0.063, and its value is less than 0.1. Therefore, the secondary indicators and their judgment matrix belonging to a meet the consistency requirements, and the weight of the secondary indicators is 0.150, 0.180, 0.451, 0.219, respectively. The consistency ratio index CR of secondary indicators in family factor B is 0.046, which is far less than 0.1. Therefore, the secondary indicators and their judgment matrix belonging to B meet the requirements of consistency, and the weights of secondary indicators are 0.31, 0.49 and 0.20, respectively. The consistency ratio index CR of secondary indicators under school factor C is 0.004, less than 0.1, so the secondary indicators and their judgment matrix belonging to C meet the consistency requirements, and the weight of secondary indicators is 0.424, 0.227, 0.227, 0.122, respectively. Similarly, the consistency ratio index CR of the secondary indicators in social factor D is 0.002, and its value is less than 0.1. Therefore, the secondary indicators and their judgment matrix belonging to d meet the consistency requirements, and the weight of secondary indicators is 0.350, 0.350, 0.110, 0.190 respectively.

After verifying the consistency of the evaluation indicators selected in this study, the research conducted a survey and evaluation on the students of the school by means of questionnaires. The full score of each evaluation index is 100 points. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed and 358 questionnaires were collected. The questionnaires with incomplete data, damaged questionnaires and dirty data were removed. After simple pretreatment, a total of 303 complete questionnaires were sorted out. The average score in the questionnaire was taken as the final score of each index. The following Table 3 shows the survey situation of this study.

Table 3
Survey results.

First-level indicators		Secondary indicators		Score
Index content	Weights	Index content	Weights	Actual score
personal reason A	0.150	Is there time for physical exercise A1	0.150	82
		Interest in sports A2	0.180	73
		Physical exercise habits A3	0.451	68
		Are there any sports partners A4	0.219	92
Family Factors B	0.180	Parents believe that only study is important B1	0.310	68
		Family physical exercise atmosphere B2	0.490	74
		Parents’ awareness of physical exercise B3	0.200	81
School factor C	0.451	Physical education class occupied C1	0.424	82
		Reasonable level of physical education curriculum C2	0.227	85
		School hardware meets student sports C3	0.227	96
		Professional guidance C4	0.122	74
Social factors D	0.219	The importance of society to sports D1	0.350	87
		Society’s publicity work on physical exercise D2	0.350	79
		Use physical examination as an official subject D3	0.110	88
		Proportion of physical examination in talent selection D4	0.190	90

The scores of each evaluation index in this study are shown in Table 3 above. After calculation, the score of level I index a is 11.4384 points, that of level I index B is 13.2372 points, that of level I Index C is 38.282233 points, and that of level I index D is 18.58872 points, with a total score of 81.55 points. The overall situation is correct. According to the weight of indicators at all levels, the full score is calculated as 100 points. The expected score and actual score of the index are shown in Figure 1 below.

Figure 1
The ideal score and actual score of each indicator.

As can be seen from the above figure, the difference between the actual score of school factor C and the expected score is the largest in the first level index, which indicates that there are still some problems to be solved in promoting the physical health of college students in public sports. Reasonable adjustment of class hours can be used to avoid the occupation of physical education class; physical education hardware facilities are added to meet the needs of each student’s sports activities and invite professional sports talents to conduct sports guidance and other methods to promote the healthy development of students’ physique. In the secondary indicators, physical exercise habits and family physical exercise atmosphere have the most difference with the expected score. These two factors are actually related to each other. To improve these two aspects, the whole family can participate in sports activities together to cultivate the atmosphere of family physical exercise and make the whole family develop the habit of physical exercise used to it.

CONCLUSIONS

College Students’ myopia rate and obesity rate are increasing year by year, which reflects that there are many problems in college students’ physical health. In order to explore the factors affecting the physical health of college students in China, this study uses the methods of literature, expert consultation and analytic hierarchy process to study the physical health of college students, and verifies the method through examples. In this study, a number of evaluation indicators are selected in a scientific and reasonable way, and the evaluation system affecting college students’ physical health is established by using analytic hierarchy process. The results show that the school factor is the biggest factor affecting the physical health of college students in public physical education, and in the study found that there are many problems in the training of students’ physical exercise in Colleges and universities. We hope that through this study, we can improve the physical health of college students in public sports, and provide follow-up power for the development of our country.

• Coordinated by Narmadha Balakrishnan, Physiotherapist, Govt. Hospital, Tambaram, Chennai, India

REFERENCES

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Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  01 Mar 2021
• Date of issue
  Jan-Mar 2021

History

• Received
  29 Oct 2020
• Accepted
  16 Nov 2020