Effects of bleaching agents and adhesive systems in dental pulp: a literature review

Oliveira, Maria Antonieta Veloso Carvalho de; Quagliatto, Paulo Sérgio; Magalhães, Denildo; Biffi, João Carlos Gabrielli

Abstract

The dental pulp may be exposed to several irritants that are potentially noxious to the health and functions of this tissue. Each type of irritant or injury has different effects on the pulp, which are generally characterized by acute inflammation, chronic inflammation or necrosis. Common examples of irritants are dental caries, cavity preparation procedures, traumatic injuries, and chemical substances like bleaching agents and adhesive systems. The present study aimed to review the current knowledge about the effect of bleaching agents and adhesive systems in the human dental pulp. The review covered literature from 2004 to 2009, and only relevant manuscripts were included. Hand search of the references completed the review. Based on literature review, it may be concluded that all dental procedures associated with bleaching agents or adhesive systems involve risks to cause pulp damage. However, these risks can be minimized if the causal factors were known and avoided.

adhesive systems; bleaching agents; external dental bleach; pulp response

¹
Yu C, Abbott PV. An overview of the dental pulp: its functions and responses to injury. Aust Dent J Endod. 2007; 52(1 Suppl): S4-16.
²
Bagis B, Atilla P, Cakar N, Hasanreisoglu U. Immunohistochemical evaluation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules in human dental pulp: Effects of tooth preparation and adhesive application. Arch Oral Biol. 2007; 52: 705-11.
³
Caviedes-Bucheli J, Ariza-Garcia G, Restrepo-Méndez S, Rios-Osorio N, Lombana N, Muñoz HR. The effect to tooth bleaching on substance P expression in human dental pulp. J Endod. 2008; 34: 1462-5.
⁴
Benneti AR, Valera MC, Mancini MNG, Miranda CB, Baldicci I. In vitro penetration of bleaching agents into the pulp chamber. Int Endod J. 2004; 37: 120-4.
⁵
Trindade FZ, Ribeiro APD, Sacono NT, Oliveira CF, Lessa FCR, Hebling J et al. Trans-emanel and trans-dentinal cytotoxic effects of 35% H2O2 bleaching gel on cultured odontoblast cell lines after consecutive applications. Int Endod J. 2009; 42: 516-24.
⁶
Cavalli V, Arrais CAG, Giannini M, Ambrosano GMB. High-concentration carbamide peroxide bleaching agents on enamel surface. J Oral Rehabil. 2004; 31: 155-9.
⁷
Camargo SEA, Valera MC, Camargo CHR, Mancini MNG, Menezes MM. Penetration of 38% hydrogen peroxide into the pulp chamber in bovine and human teeth submitted to office bleach technique. J Endod. 2007; 33: 1074-7.
⁸
Gökay O, Mü Jdeci A, Algin E. Peroxide penetration in to the pulp from whitening strips. J Endod. 2004; 30: 887-9.
⁹
Kawamoto K, Tsujimoto Y. Effect of the hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide on tooth bleaching. J Endod. 2004; 30: 45-50.
¹⁰
Joiner A. The bleaching of teeth: a review of the literature. J Dent. 2006; 34: 412-9.
¹¹
Sulieman M, Addy M, Rees JS. Surface and intra-pulpal temperature rises during tooth bleaching: an in vitro study. Br Dent J. 2005; 199: 37-40.
¹²
Sulieman M, Addy M, Rees JS. Surface and pulp chamber temperature rises during tooth bleaching using a diode laser: a study in vitro. Br Dent J. 2006; 200: 631-4.
¹³
Buchalla W, Attin T. External bleaching therapy with activation by heat, light or laser - a systematic review. Dent Mater. 2007; 23: 586-96.
¹⁴
Zach L, Cohen G. Pulp response to externally applied heat. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1965; 19: 515-30.
¹⁵
Polydorou O, Beiter J, König A, Hellwig E, Kümmerer K. Effect of bleaching on the monomers from modern dental composite material. Dent Mater. 2009; 25: 254-60.
¹⁶
Demirci M, Hiller K-A, Galler K, Schmalz G, Schweikl H. The induction of oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity by dental adhesives. Dent Mater. 2008; 24: 362-371.
¹⁷
Çetingüç A, Ölmez S, Vural N. HEMA diffusion from dentin bonding agents in young and old primary molars in vitro. Dent Mater. 2007; 23: 302-7.
¹⁸
Bouillaguet S. Biological risks of resin-based materials to the dentin-pulp complex. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2004; 15: 47-60.
¹⁹
Accorinte MLR, Loguercio AD, Reis A, Muench A, Araújo VC. Adverse effects of human pulp after direct pulp capping with the different components from a total-etch, three-step adhesive system. Dent Mater. 2005; 21: 599-607.
²⁰
Lanza CRM, Costa CAS, Furlan M, Alécio A, Hebling J. Transdentinal diffucion and cytotoxicity of self-etching adhesive systems. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2009; 25: 533-43.
²¹
Teixeira HM, Do Nascimento ABL, Hebling J, Costa CAS. In vivo evaluation of the biocompatibility of three current bonding agents. J Oral Rehabil. 2006; 33: 542-50.
²²
Goldberg M, Smith AJ. Cells and extracellular matrices of dentin and pulp: a biological basis for repair and tissue engineering. Crit Rev in Oral Biol Med. 2004; 15: 13-27.
²³
About I, Camps J, Burger A-S, Mitsiadis WT, Franquin J-C. Polymerized bonding agents and the differentiation in vitro of human pulp cells into odontoblast-like cells. Dent Mater. 2005; 21: 156-63.
²⁴
Sübay RK, Demirci M. Pulp tissue reactions to a dentin bonding agent as a direct capping agent. J Endod. 2005; 31: 201-4.
²⁵
Costa CAS, Vaerten MA, Edwars CA, Hanks CT. Cytotoxic effects of current dental adhesive systems on immortalized odontoblast cell line MDPC-23. Dent Mater. 1999; 15: 434-41.
²⁶
Accorinte MLR, Loguercio AD, Reis A, Costa CAS. Response of human pulps capped with different self-etch adhesive systems. Clin Oral Invest. 2008; 12: 119-27.
²⁷
Kenshima S, Reis A, Uceda-Gomez N, Tancredo L de L, Filho LE, Nogueira FN, Loguercio AD. Effect of smear layer thickness and pH of self-etching adhesive systems on the bond strength and gap formation to dentin. J Adhes Dent. 2005; 7: 117-26.
²⁸
Murray PE, Smith AJ, Windsor LJ, Mjör IA. Remaining dentine thickness and human pulp responses. Int Endod J. 2003; 36: 33-43.
²⁹
Cavalcanti BN, Rode SM, Marques MM. Cytotoxicity of substances leached or dissolved from pulp capping materials. Int Endod J. 2005; 38: 505-9.
³⁰
Koliniotou-Koumpia E, Tziafas D. Pulpal responses following direct pulp capping of healthy dog teeth with dentine adhesive systems. J Dent. 2005; 33: 639-47.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
04 June 2013
Date of issue
Dec 2012

History

Received
06 Apr 2012
Accepted
13 July 2012

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ¹
Yu C, Abbott PV. An overview of the dental pulp: its functions and responses to injury. Aust Dent J Endod. 2007; 52(1 Suppl): S4-16.

[2] ²
Bagis B, Atilla P, Cakar N, Hasanreisoglu U. Immunohistochemical evaluation of endothelial cell adhesion molecules in human dental pulp: Effects of tooth preparation and adhesive application. Arch Oral Biol. 2007; 52: 705-11.

[3] ³
Caviedes-Bucheli J, Ariza-Garcia G, Restrepo-Méndez S, Rios-Osorio N, Lombana N, Muñoz HR. The effect to tooth bleaching on substance P expression in human dental pulp. J Endod. 2008; 34: 1462-5.

[4] ⁴
Benneti AR, Valera MC, Mancini MNG, Miranda CB, Baldicci I. In vitro penetration of bleaching agents into the pulp chamber. Int Endod J. 2004; 37: 120-4.

[5] ⁵
Trindade FZ, Ribeiro APD, Sacono NT, Oliveira CF, Lessa FCR, Hebling J et al. Trans-emanel and trans-dentinal cytotoxic effects of 35% H2O2 bleaching gel on cultured odontoblast cell lines after consecutive applications. Int Endod J. 2009; 42: 516-24.

[6] ⁶
Cavalli V, Arrais CAG, Giannini M, Ambrosano GMB. High-concentration carbamide peroxide bleaching agents on enamel surface. J Oral Rehabil. 2004; 31: 155-9.

[7] ⁷
Camargo SEA, Valera MC, Camargo CHR, Mancini MNG, Menezes MM. Penetration of 38% hydrogen peroxide into the pulp chamber in bovine and human teeth submitted to office bleach technique. J Endod. 2007; 33: 1074-7.

[8] ⁸
Gökay O, Mü Jdeci A, Algin E. Peroxide penetration in to the pulp from whitening strips. J Endod. 2004; 30: 887-9.

[9] ⁹
Kawamoto K, Tsujimoto Y. Effect of the hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide on tooth bleaching. J Endod. 2004; 30: 45-50.

[10] ¹⁰
Joiner A. The bleaching of teeth: a review of the literature. J Dent. 2006; 34: 412-9.

[11] ¹¹
Sulieman M, Addy M, Rees JS. Surface and intra-pulpal temperature rises during tooth bleaching: an in vitro study. Br Dent J. 2005; 199: 37-40.

[12] ¹²
Sulieman M, Addy M, Rees JS. Surface and pulp chamber temperature rises during tooth bleaching using a diode laser: a study in vitro. Br Dent J. 2006; 200: 631-4.

[13] ¹³
Buchalla W, Attin T. External bleaching therapy with activation by heat, light or laser - a systematic review. Dent Mater. 2007; 23: 586-96.

[14] ¹⁴
Zach L, Cohen G. Pulp response to externally applied heat. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1965; 19: 515-30.

[15] ¹⁵
Polydorou O, Beiter J, König A, Hellwig E, Kümmerer K. Effect of bleaching on the monomers from modern dental composite material. Dent Mater. 2009; 25: 254-60.

[16] ¹⁶
Demirci M, Hiller K-A, Galler K, Schmalz G, Schweikl H. The induction of oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity by dental adhesives. Dent Mater. 2008; 24: 362-371.

[17] ¹⁷
Çetingüç A, Ölmez S, Vural N. HEMA diffusion from dentin bonding agents in young and old primary molars in vitro. Dent Mater. 2007; 23: 302-7.

[18] ¹⁸
Bouillaguet S. Biological risks of resin-based materials to the dentin-pulp complex. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2004; 15: 47-60.

[19] ¹⁹
Accorinte MLR, Loguercio AD, Reis A, Muench A, Araújo VC. Adverse effects of human pulp after direct pulp capping with the different components from a total-etch, three-step adhesive system. Dent Mater. 2005; 21: 599-607.

[20] ²⁰
Lanza CRM, Costa CAS, Furlan M, Alécio A, Hebling J. Transdentinal diffucion and cytotoxicity of self-etching adhesive systems. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2009; 25: 533-43.

[21] ²¹
Teixeira HM, Do Nascimento ABL, Hebling J, Costa CAS. In vivo evaluation of the biocompatibility of three current bonding agents. J Oral Rehabil. 2006; 33: 542-50.

[22] ²²
Goldberg M, Smith AJ. Cells and extracellular matrices of dentin and pulp: a biological basis for repair and tissue engineering. Crit Rev in Oral Biol Med. 2004; 15: 13-27.

[23] ²³
About I, Camps J, Burger A-S, Mitsiadis WT, Franquin J-C. Polymerized bonding agents and the differentiation in vitro of human pulp cells into odontoblast-like cells. Dent Mater. 2005; 21: 156-63.

[24] ²⁴
Sübay RK, Demirci M. Pulp tissue reactions to a dentin bonding agent as a direct capping agent. J Endod. 2005; 31: 201-4.

[25] ²⁵
Costa CAS, Vaerten MA, Edwars CA, Hanks CT. Cytotoxic effects of current dental adhesive systems on immortalized odontoblast cell line MDPC-23. Dent Mater. 1999; 15: 434-41.

[26] ²⁶
Accorinte MLR, Loguercio AD, Reis A, Costa CAS. Response of human pulps capped with different self-etch adhesive systems. Clin Oral Invest. 2008; 12: 119-27.

[27] ²⁷
Kenshima S, Reis A, Uceda-Gomez N, Tancredo L de L, Filho LE, Nogueira FN, Loguercio AD. Effect of smear layer thickness and pH of self-etching adhesive systems on the bond strength and gap formation to dentin. J Adhes Dent. 2005; 7: 117-26.

[28] ²⁸
Murray PE, Smith AJ, Windsor LJ, Mjör IA. Remaining dentine thickness and human pulp responses. Int Endod J. 2003; 36: 33-43.

[29] ²⁹
Cavalcanti BN, Rode SM, Marques MM. Cytotoxicity of substances leached or dissolved from pulp capping materials. Int Endod J. 2005; 38: 505-9.

[30] ³⁰
Koliniotou-Koumpia E, Tziafas D. Pulpal responses following direct pulp capping of healthy dog teeth with dentine adhesive systems. J Dent. 2005; 33: 639-47.

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Effects of bleaching agents and adhesive systems in dental pulp: a literature review

Abstract

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History