State of the art: interlanguage phonology - factors and processes in the development of a second language phonology

Keys, Kevin John

doi:10.1590/S1984-63982001000100008

Abstract

O presente artigo visa a resumir as principais questões vinculadas à pesquisa na área de fonologia interlingual, isto é, o desenvolvimento de habilidades fonológicas de uma segunda língua. Os fatores envolvidos neste desenvolvimento são adumbrados e os processos subjacentes são descritos. Os possíveis caminhos para pesquisas futuras são delineados.

State of the art: interlanguage phonology - factors and processes in the development of a second language phonology

Kevin John Keys

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

RESUMO

O presente artigo visa a resumir as principais questões vinculadas à pesquisa na área de fonologia interlingual, isto é, o desenvolvimento de habilidades fonológicas de uma segunda língua. Os fatores envolvidos neste desenvolvimento são adumbrados e os processos subjacentes são descritos. Os possíveis caminhos para pesquisas futuras são delineados.

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Full text available only in PDF format.

ADJEMIAN, C. On the nature of interlanguage systems. Language Learning, v. 26, p. 297-320, 1976.
ANDERSON, R. (Ed.). The acquisition and use of Spanish and English as first and second languages. Washington: TESOL, 1979.
BACKMAN, N. Intonation problems of eight Spanish-speaking adults learning English 1977. Tese (Doutorado), Boston University.
BENRABAH, M. Word-stress - a source of unintelligibility in English, International Review of Applied Linguistics, v.35, n.3, p. 145-65, 1997.
BENSON, B. Universal Preference for the Open Syllable as an Independent Process in Interlanguage Phonology. Language Learning, v.38, n.2, p. 221- 42, 1988.
BRIERE, E. An investigation of phonological interference. Language, v. 42, p. 768-796,1966.
BROWN, H., YORIO, C.; R.CRYMES, R.. On TESOL '77. Washington: TESOL. 1977.
BONGAERTS, T.; VAN SUMMEREN, C.; PLANKEN, B.; SCHILS, E. Age and Ultimate Attainment in the Prounciation of a Foreign Language. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, v.19, p. 447-65,1997.
CELCE-MURCIA, M. Phonological factors in vocabulary acquisition: a case study of a two-year-old English-French bilingual. Working Papers in Bilingualism, v.13, p. 27-41,1977.
CLEMENTS, G. N.; KEYSER, S. CV phonology: a generative theory of syllable. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1983.
CORDER, S. P. The significance of learners' errors. International Review of Applied Linguistic, v.5, n.4, p. 161-170,1967.
CORDER, S. P. The role of the mother tongue. In. GASS & SELINKER (Eds.) Language Transfer in Language Learning Amsterdam: John Benjamins 1983/1994.
CRISTÓFARO SILVA, T. Fonética e Fonologia do Português: roteiro de estudos e guia de exercícios São Paulo: Contexto, 1998.
CRYSTAL, D. Global English. Cambridge University Press, 1998.
CRYSTAL, D.; CRYSTAL, H. Words on Words. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2000.
DICKERSON, L. Internal and external patterning of phonological variability in the speech of Japanese learners of English. 1974. Tese (Doutorado), University of Illinois.
DICKERSON, W. Language variation in applied linguistics. International Review of Applied Linguistics, v.35, p. 120-41,1977.
DULAY, H.; BURT, M. Natural sequences in child second language acquisition. TESOL Quarterly, v.8, p. 37-53, 1974.
ECKMAN, F. R. Markedness and the contrastive analysis hypothesis. Language Learning, v.27, p.315-330, 1977.
ELLIS, R. The Study of Second Language Acquisition Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
ERVIN-TRIPP, S. M. Is second Language Learning like the first? TESOL Quarterly, v.8, n.2, p. 111-127,1974.
FLEGE, J. E. Effects of Equivalence Classification on the Production of Foreign Language Speech Sounds. In: JAMES, A & LEATHER, J (Eds.) Sound Patterns in Second Language Acquisition. Dordrecht, Holland: Foris 1986.
FRIES, C. C. Teaching and Learning English as a Foreign Language. University of Michigan Press, 1945.
GASS, S.; SELINKER, L. (Eds.) Language Transfer in Language Learning Amsterdam: John Benjamins 1983/1994.
GOLDSMITH, J. A. An Overview of Autosegmental Phonology. In: GOLDSMITH (Ed.) Phonological Theoiy: the essential readings Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1999.
GOLDSMITH, J. A. (Ed.) Phonological Theory: the essential readings Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1999.
HILL, J. Foreign accents, language acquisition and cerebral dominance revisited, Language Learning,20, p. 237-48, 1970.
HOLLIDAY, A. Appropriate Methodology and Social Context Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
IOUP, G.; WEINBERGER, S. H. (Ed.) Interlanguage Phonology: the acquisition of a second language sound system Rowley: Newbury House, 1987.
JAMES, A.; LEATHER, J. Sound Pattems in Second Language Acquisition Dordrecht, Holland: Foris, 1986.
JENKINS, J. The Phonology of English as an International Language Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
KELLER-COHEN, D. Systematicity and variation in the non-native child's acquisition of conversational skills. Language Learning, v.29,p. 27-44,1979.
KEYS, K. J. Current trends in pronunciation teaching. IATEFLIssues, v.151, p. 6-7, Whitstable, Kent, UK: IATEFL, 1999a.
KEYS, K, J, Making the right noises: pronunciation and teacher training in Brazil. Speak Out!, n. 24, p. 33-40. Whitstable: IATEFL 1999b.
KEYS, K. J. Teaching Pronunciation for English as an International Language. Speak Out!, issue 26:38-43. Whitstable: IATEFL 2000a.
KEYS, K. J. Discourse Phonology in the Language Curriculum: a review of current thinking in teaching pronunciation in EFL courses. Linguagem e Ensinoy, Pelotas: UCPel, v.3, n.l, p. 89-105,2000b.
KEYS, K. J. Interlanguage phonology: theoretical questions and empirical data. Speak Out! issue 27, p. 20-26. Whitstable: IATEFL, 2001.
KEYS, K. J. Interlanguage phonology: theoretical questions and empirical data. Linguagem e Ensino, Pelotas: UCPel. No prelo (a).
KEYS, K. J. First language influence on spoken English of Brazilian students of EFL: preliminary results of a longitudinal study. English Language Teaching Journal, v.56, n. 1, Oxford: Oxford University Press. No prelo (b).
KRASHEN, S. Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning London: Pergamon Press, 1981.
KRASHEN, S. The Input Hypothesis: Issues and Implications. London: Longman, 1985.
LADO, R. Linguistics across Cultures: Applied Linguistics for Language Teachers Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1957.
LADEFOGED, P.; MADDIESON, I. The Sounds of the World's Languages London: Blackwell, 1996.
MACARTHUR, T. The English Languages Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1999.
MADDIESON, I. Patterns of Sounds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
MAJOR, R.C. A model for interlanguage phonology. In: IOUP, G.; WEINBERGER, S. H. (Ed.). Interlanguage Phonology. Rowley: Newbury House, 1987, p. 101-124.
MAJOR, R.C. Current trends in Interlanguage Phonology. In: YAVAS, M. First and Second Language Phonology. San Diego: Singular Publishing Group Ltd., p. 23-51, 1994.
MOULTON, W. Toward a classification of pronunciation errors. Modem Language Journal,46, p. 54-71,1962.
NEMSER, W. Approximative systems of foreign language learners. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 9, p. 115-124, 1971.
ODLIN, T. Language Transfer, cross-linguistic influence in Language Learning Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
OLLER, D. K. Toward a general theory of phonological processes in first and second Language Learning In: WESTERN CONFERENCE ON LINGUISTICS, 1974, Seattle.
PENNYCOOK, A. English and the Discourses of Colonialism London & New York: Routledge, 1998.
PRINCE, A. & P.SMOLENSKY. Optimality Theory: constraint interaction in generative grammar Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1993.
SCHACHTER, J. Interrelationships between total production and error production in the syntax of adult learners. Papers in ESL, NAFSA, 1978.
SCHACHTER, J.; CELCE-MURCIA, M. Some reservations concerning error analysis. TESOL Quarterly, v. 11,1977.
SCHUMANN, J. The acquisition of English negation by speakers of Spanish: a review of the literature. In: R.ANDERSON (Ed.). The acquisition and use of Spanish and English as first and second languages, 1979, p.3-32.
SELINKER, L. Interlanguage. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 10, p. 209-231,1972.
SELINKER, L. Rediscovering Interlanguage London: Longman, 1992.
TARONE,E. Interlanguage as chameleon. Language Learning, 29, p. 181- 191, 1979.
TARONE, E.. The Phonology of Interlanguage In: IOUP, G.; In: WEINBERGER, S. (Ed.) 1987, p. 70-85.
VALDMAN, A. Pidgin and Creole Linguistics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1977.
WHITE, L. Universal Grammar and Second Language Acquisition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins 1989.
WIDDOWSON, H.G. On the limitations of linguistics applied. Applied Linguistics, v. 21, n. 1, p. 2-25,2000.
YAVAS, M. First and Second Language Phonology. San Diego: Singular Publishing Group Ltd., 1994.
ZOBL, H. Developmental and transfer errors: their common bases and (possibly) differential effects on learning. TESOL Quarterly, v. 14, n. 4, p. 469-79,1980.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
12 June 2013
Date of issue
2001

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ADJEMIAN, C. On the nature of interlanguage systems. Language Learning, v. 26, p. 297-320, 1976.

[2] ANDERSON, R. (Ed.). The acquisition and use of Spanish and English as first and second languages. Washington: TESOL, 1979.

[3] BACKMAN, N. Intonation problems of eight Spanish-speaking adults learning English 1977. Tese (Doutorado), Boston University.

[4] BENRABAH, M. Word-stress - a source of unintelligibility in English, International Review of Applied Linguistics, v.35, n.3, p. 145-65, 1997.

[5] BENSON, B. Universal Preference for the Open Syllable as an Independent Process in Interlanguage Phonology. Language Learning, v.38, n.2, p. 221- 42, 1988.

[6] BRIERE, E. An investigation of phonological interference. Language, v. 42, p. 768-796,1966.

[7] BROWN, H., YORIO, C.; R.CRYMES, R.. On TESOL '77. Washington: TESOL. 1977.

[8] BONGAERTS, T.; VAN SUMMEREN, C.; PLANKEN, B.; SCHILS, E. Age and Ultimate Attainment in the Prounciation of a Foreign Language. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, v.19, p. 447-65,1997.

[9] CELCE-MURCIA, M. Phonological factors in vocabulary acquisition: a case study of a two-year-old English-French bilingual. Working Papers in Bilingualism, v.13, p. 27-41,1977.

[10] CLEMENTS, G. N.; KEYSER, S. CV phonology: a generative theory of syllable. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1983.

[11] CORDER, S. P. The significance of learners' errors. International Review of Applied Linguistic, v.5, n.4, p. 161-170,1967.

[12] CORDER, S. P. The role of the mother tongue. In. GASS & SELINKER (Eds.) Language Transfer in Language Learning Amsterdam: John Benjamins 1983/1994.

[13] CRISTÓFARO SILVA, T. Fonética e Fonologia do Português: roteiro de estudos e guia de exercícios São Paulo: Contexto, 1998.

[14] CRYSTAL, D. Global English. Cambridge University Press, 1998.

[15] CRYSTAL, D.; CRYSTAL, H. Words on Words. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2000.

[16] DICKERSON, L. Internal and external patterning of phonological variability in the speech of Japanese learners of English. 1974. Tese (Doutorado), University of Illinois.

[17] DICKERSON, W. Language variation in applied linguistics. International Review of Applied Linguistics, v.35, p. 120-41,1977.

[18] DULAY, H.; BURT, M. Natural sequences in child second language acquisition. TESOL Quarterly, v.8, p. 37-53, 1974.

[19] ECKMAN, F. R. Markedness and the contrastive analysis hypothesis. Language Learning, v.27, p.315-330, 1977.

[20] ELLIS, R. The Study of Second Language Acquisition Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.

[21] ERVIN-TRIPP, S. M. Is second Language Learning like the first? TESOL Quarterly, v.8, n.2, p. 111-127,1974.

[22] FLEGE, J. E. Effects of Equivalence Classification on the Production of Foreign Language Speech Sounds. In: JAMES, A & LEATHER, J (Eds.) Sound Patterns in Second Language Acquisition. Dordrecht, Holland: Foris 1986.

[23] FRIES, C. C. Teaching and Learning English as a Foreign Language. University of Michigan Press, 1945.

[24] GASS, S.; SELINKER, L. (Eds.) Language Transfer in Language Learning Amsterdam: John Benjamins 1983/1994.

[25] GOLDSMITH, J. A. An Overview of Autosegmental Phonology. In: GOLDSMITH (Ed.) Phonological Theoiy: the essential readings Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1999.

[26] GOLDSMITH, J. A. (Ed.) Phonological Theory: the essential readings Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1999.

[27] HILL, J. Foreign accents, language acquisition and cerebral dominance revisited, Language Learning,20, p. 237-48, 1970.

[28] HOLLIDAY, A. Appropriate Methodology and Social Context Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

[29] IOUP, G.; WEINBERGER, S. H. (Ed.) Interlanguage Phonology: the acquisition of a second language sound system Rowley: Newbury House, 1987.

[30] JAMES, A.; LEATHER, J. Sound Pattems in Second Language Acquisition Dordrecht, Holland: Foris, 1986.

[31] JENKINS, J. The Phonology of English as an International Language Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

[32] KELLER-COHEN, D. Systematicity and variation in the non-native child's acquisition of conversational skills. Language Learning, v.29,p. 27-44,1979.

[33] KEYS, K. J. Current trends in pronunciation teaching. IATEFLIssues, v.151, p. 6-7, Whitstable, Kent, UK: IATEFL, 1999a.

[34] KEYS, K, J, Making the right noises: pronunciation and teacher training in Brazil. Speak Out!, n. 24, p. 33-40. Whitstable: IATEFL 1999b.

[35] KEYS, K. J. Teaching Pronunciation for English as an International Language. Speak Out!, issue 26:38-43. Whitstable: IATEFL 2000a.

[36] KEYS, K. J. Discourse Phonology in the Language Curriculum: a review of current thinking in teaching pronunciation in EFL courses. Linguagem e Ensinoy, Pelotas: UCPel, v.3, n.l, p. 89-105,2000b.

[37] KEYS, K. J. Interlanguage phonology: theoretical questions and empirical data. Speak Out! issue 27, p. 20-26. Whitstable: IATEFL, 2001.

[38] KEYS, K. J. Interlanguage phonology: theoretical questions and empirical data. Linguagem e Ensino, Pelotas: UCPel. No prelo (a).

[39] KEYS, K. J. First language influence on spoken English of Brazilian students of EFL: preliminary results of a longitudinal study. English Language Teaching Journal, v.56, n. 1, Oxford: Oxford University Press. No prelo (b).

[40] KRASHEN, S. Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning London: Pergamon Press, 1981.

[41] KRASHEN, S. The Input Hypothesis: Issues and Implications. London: Longman, 1985.

[42] LADO, R. Linguistics across Cultures: Applied Linguistics for Language Teachers Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1957.

[43] LADEFOGED, P.; MADDIESON, I. The Sounds of the World's Languages London: Blackwell, 1996.

[44] MACARTHUR, T. The English Languages Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1999.

[45] MADDIESON, I. Patterns of Sounds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

[46] MAJOR, R.C. A model for interlanguage phonology. In: IOUP, G.; WEINBERGER, S. H. (Ed.). Interlanguage Phonology. Rowley: Newbury House, 1987, p. 101-124.

[47] MAJOR, R.C. Current trends in Interlanguage Phonology. In: YAVAS, M. First and Second Language Phonology. San Diego: Singular Publishing Group Ltd., p. 23-51, 1994.

[48] MOULTON, W. Toward a classification of pronunciation errors. Modem Language Journal,46, p. 54-71,1962.

[49] NEMSER, W. Approximative systems of foreign language learners. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 9, p. 115-124, 1971.

[50] ODLIN, T. Language Transfer, cross-linguistic influence in Language Learning Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

[51] OLLER, D. K. Toward a general theory of phonological processes in first and second Language Learning In: WESTERN CONFERENCE ON LINGUISTICS, 1974, Seattle.

[52] PENNYCOOK, A. English and the Discourses of Colonialism London & New York: Routledge, 1998.

[53] PRINCE, A. & P.SMOLENSKY. Optimality Theory: constraint interaction in generative grammar Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1993.

[54] SCHACHTER, J. Interrelationships between total production and error production in the syntax of adult learners. Papers in ESL, NAFSA, 1978.

[55] SCHACHTER, J.; CELCE-MURCIA, M. Some reservations concerning error analysis. TESOL Quarterly, v. 11,1977.

[56] SCHUMANN, J. The acquisition of English negation by speakers of Spanish: a review of the literature. In: R.ANDERSON (Ed.). The acquisition and use of Spanish and English as first and second languages, 1979, p.3-32.

[57] SELINKER, L. Interlanguage. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 10, p. 209-231,1972.

[58] SELINKER, L. Rediscovering Interlanguage London: Longman, 1992.

[59] TARONE,E. Interlanguage as chameleon. Language Learning, 29, p. 181- 191, 1979.

[60] TARONE, E.. The Phonology of Interlanguage In: IOUP, G.; In: WEINBERGER, S. (Ed.) 1987, p. 70-85.

[61] VALDMAN, A. Pidgin and Creole Linguistics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1977.

[62] WHITE, L. Universal Grammar and Second Language Acquisition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins 1989.

[63] WIDDOWSON, H.G. On the limitations of linguistics applied. Applied Linguistics, v. 21, n. 1, p. 2-25,2000.

[64] YAVAS, M. First and Second Language Phonology. San Diego: Singular Publishing Group Ltd., 1994.

[65] ZOBL, H. Developmental and transfer errors: their common bases and (possibly) differential effects on learning. TESOL Quarterly, v. 14, n. 4, p. 469-79,1980.

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State of the art: interlanguage phonology - factors and processes in the development of a second language phonology

Abstract

Publication Dates