Human pulmonary dirofilariasis: a review

Rodrigues-Silva, Rosângela; Moura, Hércules; Dreyer, Cerusa; Rey, Luiz

doi:10.1590/S0036-46651995000600009

Abstracts

The authors presented a detailed summary of the geographical distribution, clinical and pathological aspects of human pulmonary dirofilariasis. Although benign, this zoonosis, of which Dirofilaria immitis is the major etiological agent, represents a medical problem since it produces symptoms which may be confused with neoplasia and thus may subject patients to unnecessary thoracic surgery. Of 229 cases cited in the literature, only 17 were reported in Brazil, despite the existence of highly favorable conditions for the transmission of this infection in man. Thus it may well be that this parasitic infection remains underdiagnosed. Finally, the importance of a differential diagnosis between dirofilariasis and pulmonary neoplasia is emphasized in cases where there is a solitary subpleural nodule ("coin lesion") present. In addition, the development and improvement of modern immunological diagnostic techniques are essential to distinguish this benign disease from other pathological conditions and thus avoid unneccessary surgery. These techniques may reveal the true prevalence of this parasitic infection in our environment.

Human pulmonary dirofilariasis; Epidemiology; Dirofilaria immitis; Dirofilaria repens; Brazil

Os autores realizaram minuciosa revisão sobre a distribuição geográfica, a clínica, a patologia e o diagnóstico da dirofilaríase pulmonar humana. Esta zoonose, que tem como principal agente etiológico a Dirofilaria immitis, é um problema médico porque produz um quadro clínico, embora benigno, que se confunde com neoplasia e, assim interpretado, pode conduzir o paciente à cirurgia do tórax. Dos 229 casos citados na literatura, apenas 17 foram descritos no Brasil, apesar da existência de condições muito favoráveis à transmissão da infecção para o homem, admitindo-se portanto, que é uma parasitose subdiagnosticada. Finalmente, a importância do diagnóstico diferencial entre dirofilaríase e neoplasias pulmonares nos casos de presença de nódulo solitário subpleural ("coin lesion") é destacada, além do que o desenvolvimento e aprimoramento de técnicas modernas de diagnóstico imunológico são essenciais para distinguir esta doença benigna de outras patologias mais sérias e evitar cirurgias desnecessárias. Estas técnicas poderão fornecer a prevalência real da parasitose em nosso meio.

REVIEW

Human pulmonary dirofilariasis: a review

Dirofilaríase humana pulmonar: revisão

Rosângela Rodrigues-Silva^I; Hércules Moura^II; Cerusa Dreyer^III; Luiz Rey^IV

^IDepartamento de Helmintologia, IOC/FIOCRUZ

^IIDepartamento de Patologia e Laboratórios, UERJ & Hospital Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ

^IIIDepartamento de Parasitologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, FIOCRUZ

^IVDepartamento de Medicina Tropical, IOC/FIOCRUZ

^{Correspondence to} Correspondence to: Rosângela Rodrigues e Silva Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Departamento de Helmintologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ CP 926 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

SUMMARY

The authors presented a detailed summary of the geographical distribution, clinical and pathological aspects of human pulmonary dirofilariasis. Although benign, this zoonosis, of which Dirofilaria immitis is the major etiological agent, represents a medical problem since it produces symptoms which may be confused with neoplasia and thus may subject patients to unnecessary thoracic surgery. Of 229 cases cited in the literature, only 17 were reported in Brazil, despite the existence of highly favorable conditions for the transmission of this infection in man. Thus it may well be that this parasitic infection remains underdiagnosed. Finally, the importance of a differential diagnosis between dirofilariasis and pulmonary neoplasia is emphasized in cases where there is a solitary subpleural nodule ("coin lesion") present. In addition, the development and improvement of modern immunological diagnostic techniques are essential to distinguish this benign disease from other pathological conditions and thus avoid unneccessary surgery. These techniques may reveal the true prevalence of this parasitic infection in our environment.

Keywords: Human pulmonary dirofilariasis; Epidemiology; Dirofilaria immitis; Dirofilaria repens; Brazil.

RESUMO

Os autores realizaram minuciosa revisão sobre a distribuição geográfica, a clínica, a patologia e o diagnóstico da dirofilaríase pulmonar humana. Esta zoonose, que tem como principal agente etiológico a Dirofilaria immitis, é um problema médico porque produz um quadro clínico, embora benigno, que se confunde com neoplasia e, assim interpretado, pode conduzir o paciente à cirurgia do tórax. Dos 229 casos citados na literatura, apenas 17 foram descritos no Brasil, apesar da existência de condições muito favoráveis à transmissão da infecção para o homem, admitindo-se portanto, que é uma parasitose subdiagnosticada. Finalmente, a importância do diagnóstico diferencial entre dirofilaríase e neoplasias pulmonares nos casos de presença de nódulo solitário subpleural ("coin lesion") é destacada, além do que o desenvolvimento e aprimoramento de técnicas modernas de diagnóstico imunológico são essenciais para distinguir esta doença benigna de outras patologias mais sérias e evitar cirurgias desnecessárias. Estas técnicas poderão fornecer a prevalência real da parasitose em nosso meio.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We wish to thank Prof. José Roberto Machado e Silva, Departamento de Patologia e Laboratórios, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro for critical suggestions, and Prof. Roberto Magalhães Pinto, Departamento de Helmintologia, IOC-FIOCRUZ for a critical review and translation of the text.

Recebido para publicação em 11/05/1995.

Aceito para publicação em 07/11/1995.

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Correspondence to:

Rosângela Rodrigues e Silva

Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Departamento de Helmintologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ

CP 926

21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
22 Sept 2006
Date of issue
Dec 1995

History

Accepted
07 Nov 1995
Received
11 May 1995

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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