Richness and diversity of aphids (Homoptera, Aphididae) along an altitudinal gradient in the Serra do Mar, Paraná, Brazil

Lazzarotto, Crisleide Maria; Lázzari, Sonia Maria Noemberg

doi:10.1590/S0101-81751998000400016

Abstract

The lack of bioecological studies on aphids in regions with complex floristic and faunistic structure, such as the Atlantic Tropical Rain Forest, lead to the initiation of this research. The objectives were to determine species richness and diversity of aphids and to investigate the influence of altitude and environmental perturbations on aphid populations. The collections were made with yellow pan traps at 11 sites with altitudes from -10 m to 1000 m above sea level (a.s.l.), in the Serra do Mar, Paraná, Brazil, from December 1993 to December 1994. Richness and diversity of aphids were greatest at 85 m a.s.l. This site was characterized by three distinct floral communities: primary vegetation, secondaiy vegetation in successional stages, and secondary vegetation subject to regular mowing. No pattern in the number or kinds of species could be established along the altitudinal gradient. These results, indicate that several factors interact, but especially floristic composition and climatic conditions, to determine aphidofauna richness and diversity in this region of the Atlantic Tropical Rain Forest.

aphids; diversity; equitability; richness; altitude

Richness and diversity of aphids (Homoptera, Aphididae) along an altitudinal gradient in the Serra do Mar, Paraná, Brazil¹ 1 Contribuição número 1030 do Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná.

Crisleide Maria Lazzarotto; Sonia Maria Noemberg Lázzari

Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Bolsista do CNPq

ABSTRACT

The lack of bioecological studies on aphids in regions with complex floristic and faunistic structure, such as the Atlantic Tropical Rain Forest, lead to the initiation of this research. The objectives were to determine species richness and diversity of aphids and to investigate the influence of altitude and environmental perturbations on aphid populations. The collections were made with yellow pan traps at 11 sites with altitudes from -10 m to 1000 m above sea level (a.s.l.), in the Serra do Mar, Paraná, Brazil, from December 1993 to December 1994. Richness and diversity of aphids were greatest at 85 m a.s.l. This site was characterized by three distinct floral communities: primary vegetation, secondaiy vegetation in successional stages, and secondary vegetation subject to regular mowing. No pattern in the number or kinds of species could be established along the altitudinal gradient. These results, indicate that several factors interact, but especially floristic composition and climatic conditions, to determine aphidofauna richness and diversity in this region of the Atlantic Tropical Rain Forest.

Key words: aphids, diversity, equitability, richness, altitude.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

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Recebido em 30.VIII.1997; aceito em 05.XI.1998.

AGARWALA, B.K. & MR. GHOSH. 1985. Biogeographical considerations of Indian Aphididae (Homoptera). Ins. matsum. 31: 81-96.
BLACKMAN, R.L. & V.F. EASTOP. 1984. Aphids on the World's Crops: An identification guide. Chichester, John A. Wiley & Sons, 466p.
COSTA, C.L.; V.F. EASTOP & R.L. BLACKMAN. 1993. Brazilian Aphidoidea: I. Key to families, subfamilies and account of the Phylloxeridae. Pesq. agropec. bras. 28: 197-215.
COX, C.B. & P.D. MOORE. 1993. Biogeography - An ecological and evolutionary approach. London, Blackwell Science Ltd., 5 ed., 326p.
DIXON, A.F.G. & P. KINDLMANN. 1990. Role of plant abundance in determining the abundance of herbivorous insects. Oecologia 83: 281-283.
DIXON, A.F.G.; P. KINDLMANN; J. LEPS & J. HOLMAN. 1987. Why there are so few species of aphids, especially in the tropics. Amer. Nat. 129: 580-592.
FERNANDES, G.W. & P.W. PRICE. 1991. Comparison of tropical and temperate galling species richness: the roles of environmental harshness and plant nutrient status, p.91-115. In: P.W. PRICE; T.M. LEWINSOHN; G.W. FERNANDES & W.W. BENSON. Evolutionary Ecology in Tropical and Temperate Regions. New York, J. Wiley & Sons Inc., 639p.
HOLMAN, J. 1974. Los Áfidos de Cuba. La Habana, Instituto Cubano del Libro, 304p.
HUSTON, M. 1979. A general hypothesis of species diversity. Amer. Nat. 113: 81-101.
INSTITUTO AGRONÔMICO DO PARANÁ. 1994. Cartas Climáticas do Estado do Paraná. Londrina, Fundação Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, 49p.
LAWTON, J.H. 1983. Plant architecture and the diversity of phytophagous insects. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 28: 23-39.
MAGURRAN, A.E. 1988. Ecological diversity and its measurement. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 179p.
MARTIN, J.H. 1983. The identification of common aphid pests of tropical agriculture. Trop. Pest. Manage. 29: 395-411.
MILLAR, I.M. 1990. The Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) of South Africa. An Identification Guide. Entomology Memoir 78: 1-105.
ODUM, E.P. 1983. Ecologia. Rio de Janeiro, Ed. Guanabara, 434p.
PRANCE, G.T. 1995. A comparison of the efficacy of higher taxa and species numbers in the assessment of biodiversity in the neotropics, p.89-99. In: D.L. Hawksworth (Ed.). Biodiversity - Measurement and Estimation. Oxford, The Royal Society, 140p.

1

Contribuição número 1030 do Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
06 July 2009
Date of issue
Dec 1998

History

Accepted
05 Nov 1998
Received
30 Aug 1997

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] AGARWALA, B.K. & MR. GHOSH. 1985. Biogeographical considerations of Indian Aphididae (Homoptera). Ins. matsum. 31: 81-96.

[2] BLACKMAN, R.L. & V.F. EASTOP. 1984. Aphids on the World's Crops: An identification guide. Chichester, John A. Wiley & Sons, 466p.

[3] COSTA, C.L.; V.F. EASTOP & R.L. BLACKMAN. 1993. Brazilian Aphidoidea: I. Key to families, subfamilies and account of the Phylloxeridae. Pesq. agropec. bras. 28: 197-215.

[4] COX, C.B. & P.D. MOORE. 1993. Biogeography - An ecological and evolutionary approach. London, Blackwell Science Ltd., 5 ed., 326p.

[5] DIXON, A.F.G. & P. KINDLMANN. 1990. Role of plant abundance in determining the abundance of herbivorous insects. Oecologia 83: 281-283.

[6] DIXON, A.F.G.; P. KINDLMANN; J. LEPS & J. HOLMAN. 1987. Why there are so few species of aphids, especially in the tropics. Amer. Nat. 129: 580-592.

[7] FERNANDES, G.W. & P.W. PRICE. 1991. Comparison of tropical and temperate galling species richness: the roles of environmental harshness and plant nutrient status, p.91-115. In: P.W. PRICE; T.M. LEWINSOHN; G.W. FERNANDES & W.W. BENSON. Evolutionary Ecology in Tropical and Temperate Regions. New York, J. Wiley & Sons Inc., 639p.

[8] HOLMAN, J. 1974. Los Áfidos de Cuba. La Habana, Instituto Cubano del Libro, 304p.

[9] HUSTON, M. 1979. A general hypothesis of species diversity. Amer. Nat. 113: 81-101.

[10] INSTITUTO AGRONÔMICO DO PARANÁ. 1994. Cartas Climáticas do Estado do Paraná. Londrina, Fundação Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, 49p.

[11] LAWTON, J.H. 1983. Plant architecture and the diversity of phytophagous insects. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 28: 23-39.

[12] MAGURRAN, A.E. 1988. Ecological diversity and its measurement. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 179p.

[13] MARTIN, J.H. 1983. The identification of common aphid pests of tropical agriculture. Trop. Pest. Manage. 29: 395-411.

[14] MILLAR, I.M. 1990. The Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) of South Africa. An Identification Guide. Entomology Memoir 78: 1-105.

[15] ODUM, E.P. 1983. Ecologia. Rio de Janeiro, Ed. Guanabara, 434p.

[16] PRANCE, G.T. 1995. A comparison of the efficacy of higher taxa and species numbers in the assessment of biodiversity in the neotropics, p.89-99. In: D.L. Hawksworth (Ed.). Biodiversity - Measurement and Estimation. Oxford, The Royal Society, 140p.