Sobrecarga de familiares de pacientes psiquiátricos: influência do gênero do cuidador

Batista, Cynthia Mara Felicio; Bandeira, Marina de Bittencourt; Quaglia, Maria Amélia Cesari; Oliveira, Daniela Carine Ramires de; Albuquerque, Ellen Pinheiro Tenório de

Resumos

Estudos têm avaliado a sobrecarga dos familiares cuidadores de pacientes psiquiátricos, mas poucos investigaram a influência do gênero do cuidador nas dimensões específicas da sobrecarga, tendo apresentado resultados divergentes. Esta pesquisa visou comparar os graus das sobrecargas objetiva e subjetiva sentidas por homens e mulheres cuidadores e as dimensões mais afetadas de suas vidas, em cada grupo. Participaram desta pesquisa 50 homens e 50 mulheres cuidadores de pacientes psiquiátricos. Os sujeitos foram entrevistados para aplicação da Escala de Avaliação da Sobrecarga dos Familiares de Pacientes Psiquiátricos (FBIS-BR) e de um questionário sociodemográfico. Os resultados mostraram que o grau de sobrecarga objetiva foi maior no grupo das mulheres cuidadoras, especialmente em relação à assistência cotidiana prestada ao paciente, ao impacto na sua vida social e profissional e a alguns itens da supervisão de comportamentos problemáticos. Os homens, por sua vez, relataram sentir maior peso financeiro do que as mulheres cuidadoras. A sobrecarga subjetiva foi semelhante para os dois grupos. As diferenças encontradas nesta pesquisa apontam para a necessidade dos serviços de saúde mental planejarem intervenções específicas para cada grupo de cuidadores.

pessoas mentalmente doentes; cuidadores; serviços de saúde mental

Studies have evaluated the burden presented by family caregivers of psychiatric patients, but few of them have investigated the influence of gender in the degree and dimensions of burden, with divergent results. This research aimed to compare the degree of subjective and objective burden felt by men and women family caregivers and the dimensions of their lives most affected in each group. Participated in this study 50 men and 50 women caregivers of psychiatric patients. Subjects were interviewed with the application of the Family Burden Interview Schedule (FBIS-BR) and a standardized sociodemographic data questionnaire. The results showed that the degree of objective burden was higher in the group of women caregivers, especially regarding the daily care provided to the patients, the impact on their social and professional life and some items of the supervision of problematic behaviors. Men, in turn, reported feeling greater financial burden than women caregivers. The subjective burden was similar for both groups. The differences found in this study point to the need for mental health services to plan specific interventions for each group of caregivers.

mentally ill persons; family caregivers; mental health services

¹
Hanson JG, Rapp CA. Families' perceptions of community mental health programs for their relatives with a severe mental illness. Community Ment Health J. 1992;28(3):181-97.
²
Solomon P, Beck S, Gordon B. Family members' perspectives on psychiatric hospitalization and discharge. Community Ment Health J. 1998;24(2):108-17.
³
World Health Organization (WHO). Consumer's and caregiver's satisfaction with mental health services: a multiside study. Genebra: World health Organization; 1996(Who-Satis).
⁴
Tessler RC, Gamache GM. Family experiences with mental illness. Westport: Auburn House; 2000.
⁵
Maurin JT, Boyd CB. Burden of mental illness on the family: a critical review. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 1990;4(2):99-107.
⁶
Martinez A, Nadal S, Beperet M, Mendióroz P. The schizophrenic patient and his/her relatives: a process of deep change. An Sist Sanit Navarra. 2000;23(1):101-10.
⁷
Awad AG, Voruganti LN. The burden of schizophrenia on caregiver: a review. Pharmacoeconomics. 2008;26(2):149-62.
⁸
Gallichio L, Siddigi N, Langenberg P, Baumgarten M. Gender differences in burden and depression among informal caregivers of demented elders in the community. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002;17(2):154-63.
⁹
Rosa L. Transtorno mental e o cuidado na família. São Paulo: Cortez; 2008.
¹⁰
Barroso S. Sobrecarga de familiares de pacientes psiquiátricos: avaliação de fatores associados [Dissertação]. Belo Horizonte: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; 2006.
¹¹
Dyck DG, Short R, Vitaliano PP. Predictors of burden and infectious illness in schizophrenia caregivers. Psychosom Med. 1999;61(4):411-9.
¹²
Greenberg JS, Kim HW, Greenley JR. Factors associated with subjective burden in siblings of adults with severe mental illness. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1997;67(2):231-41.
¹³
Hsiao CY. Family demands, social support and caregiver burden in Taiwanese family caregivers living with mental illness: the role of family caregiver gender. J Clin Nurs. 2010;19(23-24):3494-503.
¹⁴
Kumar S, Mohanty S. Spousal burden of care in schizophrenia. J Indian Acad Appl Psych. 2007;33(2):189-94.
¹⁵
Magliano L, Fadden G, Madianos M, de Almeida JM, Held T, Guarneri M, et al. Burden on the families of patients with schizophrenia: results of the BIOMED I study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1998;33(9):405-12.
¹⁶
Ricard N, Bonin JP, Ezer H. Factors associated with burden in primary caregivers of mentally ill patients. Int J Nurs Stud. 1999;36(1):73-83.
¹⁷
Scazufca M, Menezes PR, Almeida OP. Caregiver burden in an elderly population with depression in São Paulo, Brazil. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2002;37(9):416-22.
¹⁸
Álvarez MS, Vigil PA. Factores asociados a la institucionalización de pacientes con demencia y sobrecarga del cuidador. Rev Minist Trab Asun Soc. 2006;60:129-147.
¹⁹
Fan CC, Chen YY. Factors associated with care burden and quality of life among caregivers of the mentally ill in Chinese society. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2009;57(2):195-206.
²⁰
Fialho PPA, Koening AM, Santos EL, Guimarães HC, Beato RG, Carvalho VA, et al. Dementia caregiver burden in a Brazilian sample: association to neuropsychiatric symptoms. Dement Neuropsychol. 2009;3(2):132-35.
²¹
Garrido R, Menezes PR. Impacto em cuidadores de idosos com demência atendidos em um serviço psicogeriátrico. Rev Saúde Pública. 2004;38(6):835-41.
²²
Grandón P, Jenaro C, Lemos S. Primary caregivers of schizophrenia outpatients: burden and predictor variables. Psychiatry Res. 2008;158(3):335-43.
²³
Kumari S, Singh AR, Verma AN, Verma PK, Chaudhury S. Subjective burden on spouses of schizophrenia patients. Ind Psychiatry J. 2009;18(2):97-100.
²⁴
Caqueo-Urízar A, Gutiérrez-Maldonado, J. Burden of care in families of patients with schizophrenia. Qual Life Res. 2006;15(4):719-24.
²⁵
Zarit SH, Tood PA, Zarit, JM. Subjective burden of husbands and wives as caregivers: a longitudinal study. Gerontologist. 1986;26(3):260-6.
²⁶
Esperidião MA, Trad LAB. Avaliação de satisfação de usuário: considerações teórico-conceituais. Cad Saúde Pública. 2006; 22(6):1267-76.
²⁷
Ruggeri M. Patients' and relatives' satisfaction with psychiatric services: the state of the art of its measurement. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1994;29(5):212-27.
²⁸
Perreault M, Katerelos TE, Sabourin S, Leichner P, Desmarais J. Information as a distinct dimension for satisfaction assessment of outpatient psychiatric services. Int J Health Care Qual Ass Inc Leadersh Health Serv. 2001;14(2-3):111-20.
²⁹
Selltiz C, Wrightsman L, Cook S, Kidder L. Métodos de pesquisa nas relações sociais. 2.ed. São Paulo: EPU; 1987.
³⁰
Snedecor GW, Cochran WG. Métodos estatísticos. México: Editora Continental; 1971.
³¹
Resende MDV, Sturion JA, Pereira JCD. Tamanho amostral para detecção de diferenças significativas entre tratamentos. [Internet] Bol. Pesq. Fl. 2004;49:109-20 [Citado 18 out 10]; . Disponível em: http://www.cnpf.embrapa.br/publica/boletim/boletarqv/boletim49/Pag_109_120.pdf
³²
Tessler RC, Gamache GM. The Family Burden Interview Schedule - Short Form (FBIS/SF). Armherst: Machmer Hall; 1994.
³³
Bandeira M, Calzavara MGP, Varella AAB. Adaptação transcultural para o Brasil de uma escala de avaliação da sobrecarga sentida pelos familiares de pacientes psiquiátricos. J Bras Psiquiatr. 2005;54(3):206-14.
³⁴
Bandeira M, Calzavara MGP, Castro I. Estudo de validade da escala de sobrecarga de familiares cuidadores de pacientes psiquiátricos. J Bras Psiquiatr. 2008;57(2):98-104.
³⁵
Albuquerque EPT. Sobrecarga de familiares de pacientes psiquiátricos: estudo de diferentes tipos de cuidadores [Dissertação]. São João Del-Rei (MG). Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei; 2010.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
05 Maio 2015
Data do Fascículo
2013

Histórico

Recebido
11 Jun 2012
Aceito
11 Jul 2013

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ¹
Hanson JG, Rapp CA. Families' perceptions of community mental health programs for their relatives with a severe mental illness. Community Ment Health J. 1992;28(3):181-97.

[2] ²
Solomon P, Beck S, Gordon B. Family members' perspectives on psychiatric hospitalization and discharge. Community Ment Health J. 1998;24(2):108-17.

[3] ³
World Health Organization (WHO). Consumer's and caregiver's satisfaction with mental health services: a multiside study. Genebra: World health Organization; 1996(Who-Satis).

[4] ⁴
Tessler RC, Gamache GM. Family experiences with mental illness. Westport: Auburn House; 2000.

[5] ⁵
Maurin JT, Boyd CB. Burden of mental illness on the family: a critical review. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 1990;4(2):99-107.

[6] ⁶
Martinez A, Nadal S, Beperet M, Mendióroz P. The schizophrenic patient and his/her relatives: a process of deep change. An Sist Sanit Navarra. 2000;23(1):101-10.

[7] ⁷
Awad AG, Voruganti LN. The burden of schizophrenia on caregiver: a review. Pharmacoeconomics. 2008;26(2):149-62.

[8] ⁸
Gallichio L, Siddigi N, Langenberg P, Baumgarten M. Gender differences in burden and depression among informal caregivers of demented elders in the community. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002;17(2):154-63.

[9] ⁹
Rosa L. Transtorno mental e o cuidado na família. São Paulo: Cortez; 2008.

[10] ¹⁰
Barroso S. Sobrecarga de familiares de pacientes psiquiátricos: avaliação de fatores associados [Dissertação]. Belo Horizonte: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; 2006.

[11] ¹¹
Dyck DG, Short R, Vitaliano PP. Predictors of burden and infectious illness in schizophrenia caregivers. Psychosom Med. 1999;61(4):411-9.

[12] ¹²
Greenberg JS, Kim HW, Greenley JR. Factors associated with subjective burden in siblings of adults with severe mental illness. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1997;67(2):231-41.

[13] ¹³
Hsiao CY. Family demands, social support and caregiver burden in Taiwanese family caregivers living with mental illness: the role of family caregiver gender. J Clin Nurs. 2010;19(23-24):3494-503.

[14] ¹⁴
Kumar S, Mohanty S. Spousal burden of care in schizophrenia. J Indian Acad Appl Psych. 2007;33(2):189-94.

[15] ¹⁵
Magliano L, Fadden G, Madianos M, de Almeida JM, Held T, Guarneri M, et al. Burden on the families of patients with schizophrenia: results of the BIOMED I study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1998;33(9):405-12.

[16] ¹⁶
Ricard N, Bonin JP, Ezer H. Factors associated with burden in primary caregivers of mentally ill patients. Int J Nurs Stud. 1999;36(1):73-83.

[17] ¹⁷
Scazufca M, Menezes PR, Almeida OP. Caregiver burden in an elderly population with depression in São Paulo, Brazil. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2002;37(9):416-22.

[18] ¹⁸
Álvarez MS, Vigil PA. Factores asociados a la institucionalización de pacientes con demencia y sobrecarga del cuidador. Rev Minist Trab Asun Soc. 2006;60:129-147.

[19] ¹⁹
Fan CC, Chen YY. Factors associated with care burden and quality of life among caregivers of the mentally ill in Chinese society. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2009;57(2):195-206.

[20] ²⁰
Fialho PPA, Koening AM, Santos EL, Guimarães HC, Beato RG, Carvalho VA, et al. Dementia caregiver burden in a Brazilian sample: association to neuropsychiatric symptoms. Dement Neuropsychol. 2009;3(2):132-35.

[21] ²¹
Garrido R, Menezes PR. Impacto em cuidadores de idosos com demência atendidos em um serviço psicogeriátrico. Rev Saúde Pública. 2004;38(6):835-41.

[22] ²²
Grandón P, Jenaro C, Lemos S. Primary caregivers of schizophrenia outpatients: burden and predictor variables. Psychiatry Res. 2008;158(3):335-43.

[23] ²³
Kumari S, Singh AR, Verma AN, Verma PK, Chaudhury S. Subjective burden on spouses of schizophrenia patients. Ind Psychiatry J. 2009;18(2):97-100.

[24] ²⁴
Caqueo-Urízar A, Gutiérrez-Maldonado, J. Burden of care in families of patients with schizophrenia. Qual Life Res. 2006;15(4):719-24.

[25] ²⁵
Zarit SH, Tood PA, Zarit, JM. Subjective burden of husbands and wives as caregivers: a longitudinal study. Gerontologist. 1986;26(3):260-6.

[26] ²⁶
Esperidião MA, Trad LAB. Avaliação de satisfação de usuário: considerações teórico-conceituais. Cad Saúde Pública. 2006; 22(6):1267-76.

[27] ²⁷
Ruggeri M. Patients' and relatives' satisfaction with psychiatric services: the state of the art of its measurement. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1994;29(5):212-27.

[28] ²⁸
Perreault M, Katerelos TE, Sabourin S, Leichner P, Desmarais J. Information as a distinct dimension for satisfaction assessment of outpatient psychiatric services. Int J Health Care Qual Ass Inc Leadersh Health Serv. 2001;14(2-3):111-20.

[29] ²⁹
Selltiz C, Wrightsman L, Cook S, Kidder L. Métodos de pesquisa nas relações sociais. 2.ed. São Paulo: EPU; 1987.

[30] ³⁰
Snedecor GW, Cochran WG. Métodos estatísticos. México: Editora Continental; 1971.

[31] ³¹
Resende MDV, Sturion JA, Pereira JCD. Tamanho amostral para detecção de diferenças significativas entre tratamentos. [Internet] Bol. Pesq. Fl. 2004;49:109-20 [Citado 18 out 10]; . Disponível em: http://www.cnpf.embrapa.br/publica/boletim/boletarqv/boletim49/Pag_109_120.pdf

[32] ³²
Tessler RC, Gamache GM. The Family Burden Interview Schedule - Short Form (FBIS/SF). Armherst: Machmer Hall; 1994.

[33] ³³
Bandeira M, Calzavara MGP, Varella AAB. Adaptação transcultural para o Brasil de uma escala de avaliação da sobrecarga sentida pelos familiares de pacientes psiquiátricos. J Bras Psiquiatr. 2005;54(3):206-14.

[34] ³⁴
Bandeira M, Calzavara MGP, Castro I. Estudo de validade da escala de sobrecarga de familiares cuidadores de pacientes psiquiátricos. J Bras Psiquiatr. 2008;57(2):98-104.

[35] ³⁵
Albuquerque EPT. Sobrecarga de familiares de pacientes psiquiátricos: estudo de diferentes tipos de cuidadores [Dissertação]. São João Del-Rei (MG). Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei; 2010.

Brasil

Brasil

Sobrecarga de familiares de pacientes psiquiátricos: influência do gênero do cuidador

Burden in families of psychiatric patients: influence of caregivers' gender

Resumos

Datas de Publicação

Histórico