Two new species and updated checklist of <i>Oxyethira</i> Eaton, 1873 (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) from Brazil

ROCHA, ISABELA C.; DUMAS, LEANDRO L.; SOUZA, WAGNER R.M.

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201720170252

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Earth Sciences • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 90 (01) • Jan-Mar 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720170252 copy

Two new species and updated checklist of Oxyethira Eaton, 1873 (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) from Brazil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Two new species of Oxyethira Eaton, 1873 are described: Oxyethira cascadanta sp. n. and Oxyethira quadrilobata sp. n. Description and illustrations of the new species are provided based on specimens collected in Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais State, Southeast Brazil. Both species are assigned to the subgenus Loxotrichia but differ from other species mainly in morphology of the subgenital plate, subgenital processes and inferior appendages. Additionally, we provide an updated checklist of the Oxyethira species from Brazil.

Key words:
aquatic insects; Canastra mountain range; Hydroptilinae; species list; taxonomy

INTRODUCTION

The genus Oxyethira, erected by Eaton (1873EATON KJ. 1873. On the Hydroptilidae, a family of Trichoptera. T Roy Ent Soc London 1873: 125-150.) for two species previously occupied in HydroptilaDalman, 1819DALMAN JW. 1819. Nogra nya insecta-genera beskrifna. Vet Akad Hand 40: 117-127., is the most diverse genus of Hydroptilidae (Holzenthal and Calor 2017HOLZENTHAL RW AND CALOR AR. 2017. Catalog of the Neotropical Trichoptera (Caddisflies). ZooKeys 654: 1-566., Morse 2017MORSE JC. 2017. Trichoptera World Checklist. http://entweb.clemson.edu/database/trichopt/index.htm.
http://entweb.clemson.edu/database/trich... ). These microcaddisflies are included in the subfamily Hydroptilinae, with other 23 genera (Holzenthal et al. 2007), and have been the subject of several works describing new species, especially in the Neotropical Region (Angrisano and Sganga 2009ANGRISANO EB AND SGANGA JL. 2009. New species of Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) from Salto Encantado Provincial Park (Misiones province, Argentina). Zootaxa 2162: 57-68., Santos et al. 2009SANTOS APM, HENRIQUES-OLIVEIRA AL AND NESSIMIAN JL. 2009. New species and records of Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Amazonas State, Brazil. Zootaxa 2169: 35-44., Thomson and Holzenthal 2012THOMSON RE AND HOLZENTHAL RW. 2012. New species and records of Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) from Venezuela. ZooKeys 185: 19-39. , Souza and Santos 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.). However, the diversity of Oxyethira is poorly known and several undescribed species are still to be found, not only in unexplored regions but also in localities previously studied (Souza and Santos 2017).

Over 200 species of Oxyethira are known from all biogeographical regions (Morse 2017MORSE JC. 2017. Trichoptera World Checklist. http://entweb.clemson.edu/database/trichopt/index.htm.
http://entweb.clemson.edu/database/trich... , Souza and Santos 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.). Adults of Neotropical Oxyethira are recognized by having head and antennae unmodified, three ocelli, maxillary palps with five segments, labial palps with three segments, tibial spur formula 0-3-4, venation distinct with veins reaching wing margin, mesoscutellum without transverse suture, metascutellum pentagonal and abdomen without visible modifications (Marshall 1979MARSHALL JE. 1979. A review of the genera of the Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). Bull Br Mus (Nat Hist) Entomol Ser 39(3): 135-239., Kelley 1984KELLEY RW. 1984. Phylogeny, morphology and classification of the micro-caddisfly genus Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). T Am Entomol Soc 110: 435-463., Souza and Santos 2017).

In Brazil, 34 species are reported in five subgenera: DactylotrichiaKelley, 1984KELLEY RW. 1984. Phylogeny, morphology and classification of the micro-caddisfly genus Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). T Am Entomol Soc 110: 435-463., DampfitrichiaMosely, 1937MOSELY ME. 1937. Mexican Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). T Roy Ent Soc London 86: 151-189., Loxotrichia Mosely, 1939, Oxytrichia Mosely, 1939 and Tanytrichia Kelley, 1984 (Santos et al. 2017SANTOS APM, CALOR AR, DUMAS LL, PES AMO, SOUZA WRM, HENRIQUES-OLIVEIRA AL AND CAMARGOS LM. 2017. Trichoptera in: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/278.
http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobr... , Souza and Santos 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.). Others subgenera are recognized, but because of the large morphological differences observed in the groups, many species remain unplaced to any of them.

Currently, four species of Oxyethira are registered from Minas Gerais State: Oxyethira espinadaHolzenthal & Harris, 1992HOLZENTHAL RW AND HARRIS SC. 1992. Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) of Costa Rica: the genus Oxyethira Eaton. J N Y Entomol Soc 100: 155-177., O. parce (Edwards & Arnold, 1961EDWARDS SW AND ARNOLD CR. 1961. The caddis flies of the San Marcos river. Tex J Sci 13: 398-415.), O. tica Holzenthal & Harris, 1992 and O. zilaba (Mosely, 1939MOSELY ME. 1939. The Brazilian Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). Novit Zool 41: 217-239.). Here we provide descriptions and illustrations of two new species based on specimens collected in Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, a protected area in the Cerrado biome, Minas Gerais State, Southeast Brazil. Additionally, we provide an updated checklist of the Oxyethira species from Brazil (Table I).

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TABLE I
List of Oxyethira species known from Brazil. State abbreviations: AL - Alagoas; AM - Amazonas; BA - Bahia; CE - Ceará; MA - Maranhão; MG - Minas Gerais; PA - Pará; PB - Paraíba; PE - Pernambuco; PI - Piauí; PR - Paraná; RJ - Rio de Janeiro; RR - Roraima; SC - Santa Catarina; SE - Sergipe; SP - São Paulo.

The ZooBank Life Science Identifier (LSID) of this publication is: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AF88D809-FA46-407A-817F-B9CD1D93A352

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The adult specimens were collected with Pennsylvania light traps (Frost 1957FROST SW. 1957. The Pennsylvania insect light trap. J Econ Entomol 50: 287-292. ) and preserved in 96% ethanol. In order to observe genital structures, male abdomens were diaphanized in a heated KOH 10% solution, then kept in 50% acetic acid for five minutes, washed in distilled water and transferred to 96% ethanol. Genitalia were examined under a compound microscope (Carl Zeiss, Axio Lab) equipped with a camera lucida, and their diagnostic structures drawn in pencil. The sketches were used as templates to trace graphic vectors in ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR (v. 16.0.0, Adobe Systems, Inc.). The terminology for morphology follows Kelley (1984KELLEY RW. 1984. Phylogeny, morphology and classification of the micro-caddisfly genus Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). T Am Entomol Soc 110: 435-463.).

The specimens examined are deposited in the Coleção Entomológica Professor José Alfredo Pinheiro Dutra, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (DZRJ).

RESULTS

Oxyethira cascadanta sp. n.

Figures 1-4

Figures 1-4
Oxyethira cascadanta sp. n. Male genitalia (holotype). 1. Dorsal view; 2. Ventral view; 3. Lateral view, left; 4. Phallus, dorsal view. Abbreviations: d lob - dorsal lobe; inf app - inferior appendage; m pro - membranous processes; mv pro - mesoventral process; sg pl - subgenital plate; sg pro - subgenital processes; VII - sternum VII; VIII - segment VIII; IX - sternum IX.

ZooBank Life Science Identifier (LSID) - urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3721A5B4-6364-489E-8679-C079AAFDB132

Description.Adult male. Forewing length: male holotype, 2.3 mm; male paratype, 2.5 mm. Head yellowish-brown with brown setae. Dorsum of thorax light-brown, yellowish-brown laterally. Fore- and hind wings covered with light brown setae. Segment VII annulate with small patch of setae anterior to the mesoventral process. Tergum VIII setose, posterodorsal margin U-shaped, sternum with deep mesal incision reaching anterior margin of the segment.

Genitalia. Sternum IX with anterolateral margin elongate, rounded anteriorly, retracted within segments VI-VIII, posterolateral margin with acute dorsal lobe, projected dorsad. Segment X membranous, difficult to discern. Inferior appendages fused to sternum IX, elongate, tapering posteriorly with bifid apex, interior mesal surface with two setose and slender membranous processes mesally connected. Subgenital plate long; in dorsal view (Fig. 1), anterior half narrow, posterior half enlarged, subtriangular, slightly crenulate and rounded at apex; in lateral view (Fig. 3), dorsal margin undulate, slightly concave ventrally with apex acute, beak-like, pointed downward. Subgenital processes slender; in dorsal view (Fig. 2), paired, asymmetrical (right process longer than left), both excavated apicodorsally with single short setae subapically; in lateral view (Fig. 3), strongly curved basally, apex directed apicodorsad, curved at tip. Phallus tubular, elongate, rod-like, stouter at base than apex, apex membranous, ejaculatory duct slightly sclerotized and protruding (Fig. 4).

Female and immatures. Unknown.

Taxonomic notes. Based on the deep mesal incision of the sternum VIII and the pair of asymmetric subgenital processes, the new species is assigned to the subgenus Loxotrichia. Oxyethira cascadanta sp. n. is most similar to O. azteca (Mosely, 1937MOSELY ME. 1937. Mexican Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). T Roy Ent Soc London 86: 151-189.), having the inferior appendages fused basally, bifid distally, forming a long, slender fork. These species also share with O. quadrilobata sp. n. asymmetrical and strongly curved subgenital processes, each with a single subapical short seta. Additionally, O. cascadanta sp. n. has two setose and slender membranous processes on the interior mesal surface of the inferior appendages, also present in O. copina Angrisano, 1995, O. dalmeria (Mosely, 1937) and O. quadrilobata sp. n., but absent in O. azteca. The subtriangular posterior half of the subgenital plate distinguishes O. cascadanta sp. n. from all congeners.

Type material. Holotype male: Brazil, Minas Gerais, São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, parte baixa da Cachoeira Casca D’anta, Rio São Francisco, 20°18.54’S, 46°31.37’W, ca 900 m elev, 03.IV.2014, JL Nessimian, LL Dumas, ALH Oliveira & SP Gomes leg. (DZRJ). Paratype: 1 male, same data as holotype (DZRJ).

Distribution. Brazil: Minas Gerais.

Etymology. The specific epithet of the new species refers to the Cachoeira Casca D’anta, the largest waterfall of the São Francisco River, where the specimens were collected.

Oxyethira quadrilobata sp. n.

Figures 5-8

Figures 5-8
Oxyethira quadrilobata sp. n. Male genitalia (holotype). 5. Dorsal view; 6. Ventral view; 7. Lateral view, left; 8. Phallus, dorsal view. Abbreviations: d lob - dorsal lobe; inf app - inferior appendage; m pro - membranous processes; mv pro - mesoventral process; sg pl - subgenital plate; sg pro - subgenital processes; VII - sternum VII; VIII - segment VIII; IX - sternum IX.

ZooBank Life Science Identifier (LSID) - urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:469A759C-E472-4824-8A86-BE88A9817CE4

Description.Adult male. Forewing length: male holotype, 2.2 mm; male paratypes, 2.1-2.5 mm (n = 8). Head yellowish-brown with brown setae. Dorsum of thorax brown, yellowish-brown laterally. Fore- and hind wings covered with light brown setae. Sternum VII with small patch of setae anterior to mesoventral process. Tergum VIII setose, in dorsal view (Fig. 5) subrectangular; in lateral view (Fig. 7) subtrapezoidal; sternum with deep mesal U-shaped incision, almost reaching anterior margin of segment.

Genitalia. Sternum IX with anterolateral margin elongate, pointed anteriorly, retracted within segments VI-VIII, posterolateral margin with curved and acute dorsal lobe, produced anterodorsad. Segment X membranous, difficult to discern. Inferior appendages fused to sternum IX, elongate, divided apically into four rounded lobes, interior mesal surface with two setose and slender membranous processes, connected mesally. Subgenital plate long and slender; in dorsal view (Fig. 5) slightly expanded subapically, digitiform projection at anterodorsal margin with circular opening at base; in lateral view (Fig. 7), scimitar-like, slightly curved, with anterodorsal digitiform projection directed posterad. Subgenital processes slender, asymmetrically paired (left process slightly longer than the right), subapically with a single short dorsal setae; in lateral view (Fig. 7), strongly curved at base, apically acute. Phallus tubular, elongate, narrow, stouter at base than apex, apex membranous with ejaculatory duct slightly sclerotized, not protruding (Fig. 8).

Female and immatures. Unknown.

Taxonomic notes. As in other species of the subgenus Loxotrichia, the new species also has a deep mesal incision in the sternum VIII, as well as having two asymmetrical subgenital processes. Oxyethira quadrilobata sp. n. is very similar to O. cascadanta sp. n. as discussed under that species. However, it can be easily distinguished from all congeners by the distinct inferior appendages, fused basally and divided apically into four lobes, and the elongate and slender subgenital plate directed anterodorsally.

Type material. Holotype male: Brazil, Minas Gerais, São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, parte baixa da Cachoeira Casca D’anta, Rio São Francisco, 20°18.54’S, 46°31.37’W, ca 900 m elev., 03.IV.2014, JL Nessimian, LL Dumas, ALH Oliveira & SP Gomes leg. (DZRJ). Paratypes: 8 males, same data as holotype (DZRJ).

Distribution. Brazil: Minas Gerais.

Etymology. The name quadrilobata (Latin: quadri = four; greek: lobulo = prominent part of an organ) refers to the distinctive shape of the fused inferior appendages, divided apically into four rounded lobes.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to the Laboratório de Entomologia (UFRJ) team, especially for the assistance of Dr. Jorge Luis Nessimian during the collection expeditions and for valuable comments on the identity and description of these new species. The authors thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) for the fellowships. The Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA), the Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) and the Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra staff are thanked for issuing collecting permits and allowing us to use their field facilities.

REFERENCES

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EDWARDS SW AND ARNOLD CR. 1961. The caddis flies of the San Marcos river. Tex J Sci 13: 398-415.
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FROST SW. 1957. The Pennsylvania insect light trap. J Econ Entomol 50: 287-292.
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HOLZENTHAL RW, BLAHNIK RJ, PRATHER AL AND KJER KM. 2007. Order Trichoptera Kirby, 1813 (Insecta), caddisflies. Zootaxa 1668: 639-698.
HOLZENTHAL RW AND CALOR AR. 2017. Catalog of the Neotropical Trichoptera (Caddisflies). ZooKeys 654: 1-566.
HOLZENTHAL RW AND HARRIS SC. 1992. Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) of Costa Rica: the genus Oxyethira Eaton. J N Y Entomol Soc 100: 155-177.
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» http://entweb.clemson.edu/database/trichopt/index.htm
MOSELY ME. 1937. Mexican Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). T Roy Ent Soc London 86: 151-189.
MOSELY ME. 1939. The Brazilian Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). Novit Zool 41: 217-239.
MÜLLER F. 1879. Notes on the cases of some South Brazilian Trichoptera. T Roy Ent Soc London 4: 131-144.
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» http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/278
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SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.
SOUZA WRM, SANTOS APM, LIMA LRC AND PINHEIRO US. 2013. A new species and new records of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 3700(4): 583-587.
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THOMSON RE AND HOLZENTHAL RW. 2012. New species and records of Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) from Venezuela. ZooKeys 185: 19-39.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
16 Oct 2017
Date of issue
Jan-Mar 2018

History

Received
03 Apr 2017
Accepted
24 July 2017

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

Subgenus / Species	Distribution / Reference
Oxyethira (Dactylotrichia) Kelley, 1984KELLEY RW. 1984. Phylogeny, morphology and classification of the micro-caddisfly genus Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). T Am Entomol Soc 110: 435-463.
Oxyethira guariba Souza & Santos, 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.	PB (Souza and Santos 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.)
Oxyethira iannuzzae Souza & Santos, 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.	AL, BA (Souza and Santos 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.)
Oxyethira retrosa Souza & Santos, 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.	AL, SE (Souza and Santos 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.)
Oxyethira santiagensis Flint, 1982FLINT OS. 1982. Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXXI: five new species from Argentina (Trichoptera). Entomol News 93: 43-47.	Brazil (Kelley 1984KELLEY RW. 1984. Phylogeny, morphology and classification of the micro-caddisfly genus Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). T Am Entomol Soc 110: 435-463., Paprocki et al. 2004PAPROCKI H, HOLZENTHAL RW AND BLAHNIK RJ. 2004. Checklist of the Trichoptera (Insecta) of Brazil I. Biota Neotrop 4: 1-22.)
Oxyethira (Dampfitrichia) Mosely, 1937MOSELY ME. 1937. Mexican Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). T Roy Ent Soc London 86: 151-189.
Oxyethira calori Souza & Santos, 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.	BA (Souza and Santos 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.)
Oxyethira circarverna Kelley, 1983KELLEY RW. 1983. New Neotropical species of Oxyethira (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). P Entomol Soc Wash 85: 41-54.	AM (Santos et. al 2009SANTOS APM, HENRIQUES-OLIVEIRA AL AND NESSIMIAN JL. 2009. New species and records of Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Amazonas State, Brazil. Zootaxa 2169: 35-44.), BA, MA, PB (Souza and Santos 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.)
Oxyethira discaelata Kelley, 1983KELLEY RW. 1983. New Neotropical species of Oxyethira (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). P Entomol Soc Wash 85: 41-54.	AM (Kelley 1983KELLEY RW. 1983. New Neotropical species of Oxyethira (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). P Entomol Soc Wash 85: 41-54., Paprocki et al. 2004PAPROCKI H, HOLZENTHAL RW AND BLAHNIK RJ. 2004. Checklist of the Trichoptera (Insecta) of Brazil I. Biota Neotrop 4: 1-22.)
Oxyethira hyalina (Müller, 1879MÜLLER F. 1879. Notes on the cases of some South Brazilian Trichoptera. T Roy Ent Soc London 4: 131-144.)	SC (Müller 1879MÜLLER F. 1879. Notes on the cases of some South Brazilian Trichoptera. T Roy Ent Soc London 4: 131-144., Paprocki et al. 2004PAPROCKI H, HOLZENTHAL RW AND BLAHNIK RJ. 2004. Checklist of the Trichoptera (Insecta) of Brazil I. Biota Neotrop 4: 1-22.)
Oxyethira lagunita Flint, 1982FLINT OS. 1982. Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXXI: five new species from Argentina (Trichoptera). Entomol News 93: 43-47.	PR (Kelley 1984KELLEY RW. 1984. Phylogeny, morphology and classification of the micro-caddisfly genus Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). T Am Entomol Soc 110: 435-463., Paprocki et al. 2004PAPROCKI H, HOLZENTHAL RW AND BLAHNIK RJ. 2004. Checklist of the Trichoptera (Insecta) of Brazil I. Biota Neotrop 4: 1-22.)
Oxyethira spissa Kelley, 1983KELLEY RW. 1983. New Neotropical species of Oxyethira (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). P Entomol Soc Wash 85: 41-54.	AM, PA (Kelley 1984KELLEY RW. 1984. Phylogeny, morphology and classification of the micro-caddisfly genus Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). T Am Entomol Soc 110: 435-463., Paprocki et al. 2004PAPROCKI H, HOLZENTHAL RW AND BLAHNIK RJ. 2004. Checklist of the Trichoptera (Insecta) of Brazil I. Biota Neotrop 4: 1-22.)
Oxyethira (Loxotrichia) Mosely, 1939MOSELY ME. 1939. The Brazilian Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). Novit Zool 41: 217-239.
Oxyethira cascadanta sp. n.	MG
Oxyethira gracilianoi Souza & Santos, 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.	AL, BA (Souza and Santos 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.)
Oxyethira parce (Edwards & Arnold, 1961EDWARDS SW AND ARNOLD CR. 1961. The caddis flies of the San Marcos river. Tex J Sci 13: 398-415.)	CE (Takiya et al. 2016TAKIYA DM ET AL. 2016. Aquatic Insects from the Caatinga: checklists and diversity assessments of Ubajara (Ceará State) and Sete Cidades (Piauí State) National Parks, Northeastern Brazil. Biodivers Data J 4: e8354. ), MG (Blahnik et al. 2004BLAHNIK RJ, PAPROCKI H AND HOLZENTHAL RW. 2004. New distribution and species records of Trichoptera from southern and southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotrop 4: 1-6., Paprocki et al. 2004PAPROCKI H, HOLZENTHAL RW AND BLAHNIK RJ. 2004. Checklist of the Trichoptera (Insecta) of Brazil I. Biota Neotrop 4: 1-22.)
Oxyethira quadrilobata sp. n.	MG
Oxyethira tica Holzenthal & Harris, 1992HOLZENTHAL RW AND HARRIS SC. 1992. Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) of Costa Rica: the genus Oxyethira Eaton. J N Y Entomol Soc 100: 155-177.	AM (Santos et al. 2009SANTOS APM, HENRIQUES-OLIVEIRA AL AND NESSIMIAN JL. 2009. New species and records of Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Amazonas State, Brazil. Zootaxa 2169: 35-44.), AL, BA, MA, PB, PE, SE (Souza and Santos 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.), CE, PI, RJ (Takiya et al. 2016TAKIYA DM ET AL. 2016. Aquatic Insects from the Caatinga: checklists and diversity assessments of Ubajara (Ceará State) and Sete Cidades (Piauí State) National Parks, Northeastern Brazil. Biodivers Data J 4: e8354. ), MG (Blahnik et al. 2004BLAHNIK RJ, PAPROCKI H AND HOLZENTHAL RW. 2004. New distribution and species records of Trichoptera from southern and southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotrop 4: 1-6.)
Oxyethira zilaba (Mosely, 1939MOSELY ME. 1939. The Brazilian Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). Novit Zool 41: 217-239.)	MG, PR, SC, SP (Mosely 1939MOSELY ME. 1939. The Brazilian Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). Novit Zool 41: 217-239., Paprocki et al. 2004PAPROCKI H, HOLZENTHAL RW AND BLAHNIK RJ. 2004. Checklist of the Trichoptera (Insecta) of Brazil I. Biota Neotrop 4: 1-22.)
Oxyethira (Oxytrichia) Mosely, 1939MOSELY ME. 1939. The Brazilian Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). Novit Zool 41: 217-239.
Oxyethira longipenis Santos, Henriques-Oliveira & Nessimian, 2009SANTOS APM, HENRIQUES-OLIVEIRA AL AND NESSIMIAN JL. 2009. New species and records of Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Amazonas State, Brazil. Zootaxa 2169: 35-44.	AM (Santos et al. 2009SANTOS APM, HENRIQUES-OLIVEIRA AL AND NESSIMIAN JL. 2009. New species and records of Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Amazonas State, Brazil. Zootaxa 2169: 35-44.)
Oxyethira peruviana Harris & Davenport, 1999HARRIS SC AND DAVENPORT LJ. 1999. New species of Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) from the Amazon region of northeastern Peru. Proc Entomol Soc Wash 101: 26-38.	AM (Santos et al. 2009SANTOS APM, HENRIQUES-OLIVEIRA AL AND NESSIMIAN JL. 2009. New species and records of Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Amazonas State, Brazil. Zootaxa 2169: 35-44.)
Oxyethira presilla Harris & Davenport, 1999HARRIS SC AND DAVENPORT LJ. 1999. New species of Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) from the Amazon region of northeastern Peru. Proc Entomol Soc Wash 101: 26-38.	AM (Santos et al. 2009SANTOS APM, HENRIQUES-OLIVEIRA AL AND NESSIMIAN JL. 2009. New species and records of Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Amazonas State, Brazil. Zootaxa 2169: 35-44.)
Oxyethira sinistra Santos, Henriques-Oliveira & Nessimian, 2009SANTOS APM, HENRIQUES-OLIVEIRA AL AND NESSIMIAN JL. 2009. New species and records of Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Amazonas State, Brazil. Zootaxa 2169: 35-44.	AM (Santos et al. 2009SANTOS APM, HENRIQUES-OLIVEIRA AL AND NESSIMIAN JL. 2009. New species and records of Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Amazonas State, Brazil. Zootaxa 2169: 35-44.)
Oxyethira spirogyrae (Müller, 1879MÜLLER F. 1879. Notes on the cases of some South Brazilian Trichoptera. T Roy Ent Soc London 4: 131-144.)	SC (Müller 1879MÜLLER F. 1879. Notes on the cases of some South Brazilian Trichoptera. T Roy Ent Soc London 4: 131-144., Paprocki et al. 2004PAPROCKI H, HOLZENTHAL RW AND BLAHNIK RJ. 2004. Checklist of the Trichoptera (Insecta) of Brazil I. Biota Neotrop 4: 1-22.)
Oxyethira (Tanytrichia) Kelley, 1984KELLEY RW. 1984. Phylogeny, morphology and classification of the micro-caddisfly genus Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). T Am Entomol Soc 110: 435-463.
Oxyethira bettyae Thomson & Holzenthal, 2012THOMSON RE AND HOLZENTHAL RW. 2012. New species and records of Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) from Venezuela. ZooKeys 185: 19-39.	PE (Souza et al. 2013SOUZA WRM, SANTOS APM, LIMA LRC AND PINHEIRO US. 2013. A new species and new records of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 3700(4): 583-587.)
Oxyethira bicornuta Kelley, 1983KELLEY RW. 1983. New Neotropical species of Oxyethira (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). P Entomol Soc Wash 85: 41-54.	AM (Kelley 1983KELLEY RW. 1983. New Neotropical species of Oxyethira (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). P Entomol Soc Wash 85: 41-54., Paprocki et al. 2004PAPROCKI H, HOLZENTHAL RW AND BLAHNIK RJ. 2004. Checklist of the Trichoptera (Insecta) of Brazil I. Biota Neotrop 4: 1-22.)
Oxyethira espinada Holzenthal & Harris, 1992HOLZENTHAL RW AND HARRIS SC. 1992. Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) of Costa Rica: the genus Oxyethira Eaton. J N Y Entomol Soc 100: 155-177.	AL (Souza and Santos 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.), MG (Blahnik et al. 2004BLAHNIK RJ, PAPROCKI H AND HOLZENTHAL RW. 2004. New distribution and species records of Trichoptera from southern and southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotrop 4: 1-6., Paprocki et al. 2004PAPROCKI H, HOLZENTHAL RW AND BLAHNIK RJ. 2004. Checklist of the Trichoptera (Insecta) of Brazil I. Biota Neotrop 4: 1-22.)
Oxyethira longissima Flint, 1974FLINT OS. 1974. The Trichoptera of Surinam. Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XV. Stud Fau Surin Guyan 14: 1-151	AM (Santos et al. 2009SANTOS APM, HENRIQUES-OLIVEIRA AL AND NESSIMIAN JL. 2009. New species and records of Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Amazonas State, Brazil. Zootaxa 2169: 35-44.)
Oxyethira luanae Santos, Henriques-Oliveria & Nessimian, 2009SANTOS APM, HENRIQUES-OLIVEIRA AL AND NESSIMIAN JL. 2009. New species and records of Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Amazonas State, Brazil. Zootaxa 2169: 35-44.	AM (Santos et al. 2009SANTOS APM, HENRIQUES-OLIVEIRA AL AND NESSIMIAN JL. 2009. New species and records of Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Amazonas State, Brazil. Zootaxa 2169: 35-44.)
Oxyethira macrosterna Flint, 1974FLINT OS. 1974. The Trichoptera of Surinam. Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XV. Stud Fau Surin Guyan 14: 1-151	AM (Santos et al. 2009SANTOS APM, HENRIQUES-OLIVEIRA AL AND NESSIMIAN JL. 2009. New species and records of Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Amazonas State, Brazil. Zootaxa 2169: 35-44.), MA (Souza and Santos 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.)
Oxyethira merga Kelley, 1983KELLEY RW. 1983. New Neotropical species of Oxyethira (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). P Entomol Soc Wash 85: 41-54.	BA (Souza and Santos 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.), PI (Takiya et al. 2016TAKIYA DM ET AL. 2016. Aquatic Insects from the Caatinga: checklists and diversity assessments of Ubajara (Ceará State) and Sete Cidades (Piauí State) National Parks, Northeastern Brazil. Biodivers Data J 4: e8354. ), RR (Flint 1991FLINT OS. 1991. Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XLIV: on a collection from Ilha de Maraca, Brazil. Acta Amaz 21: 63-83., Paprocki et al. 2004PAPROCKI H, HOLZENTHAL RW AND BLAHNIK RJ. 2004. Checklist of the Trichoptera (Insecta) of Brazil I. Biota Neotrop 4: 1-22.)
Oxyethira picita Harris & Davenport, 1999HARRIS SC AND DAVENPORT LJ. 1999. New species of Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) from the Amazon region of northeastern Peru. Proc Entomol Soc Wash 101: 26-38.	AM (Santos et al. 2009SANTOS APM, HENRIQUES-OLIVEIRA AL AND NESSIMIAN JL. 2009. New species and records of Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Amazonas State, Brazil. Zootaxa 2169: 35-44.)
Oxyethira septentrionalis Souza & Santos, 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.	PI (Souza and Santos 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.)
Oxyethira singularis Souza & Santos, 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.	BA (Souza and Santos 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.)
Oxyethira una Souza & Santos, 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.	BA (Souza and Santos 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.)
*Incertae sedis*
Oxyethira brasiliensis Kelley, 1983KELLEY RW. 1983. New Neotropical species of Oxyethira (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). P Entomol Soc Wash 85: 41-54.	PA (Kelley 1983KELLEY RW. 1983. New Neotropical species of Oxyethira (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). P Entomol Soc Wash 85: 41-54., Paprocki et al. 2004PAPROCKI H, HOLZENTHAL RW AND BLAHNIK RJ. 2004. Checklist of the Trichoptera (Insecta) of Brazil I. Biota Neotrop 4: 1-22.)
Oxyethira diplospissa Souza & Santos, 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.	AL (Souza and Santos 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.)
Oxyethira maranhensis Souza & Santos, 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.	MA (Souza and Santos 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.)
Oxyethira rafaeli Souza & Santos, 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.	BA, PI (Souza and Santos 2017SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.)

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[2] BLAHNIK RJ, PAPROCKI H AND HOLZENTHAL RW. 2004. New distribution and species records of Trichoptera from southern and southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotrop 4: 1-6.

[3] DALMAN JW. 1819. Nogra nya insecta-genera beskrifna. Vet Akad Hand 40: 117-127.

[4] EATON KJ. 1873. On the Hydroptilidae, a family of Trichoptera. T Roy Ent Soc London 1873: 125-150.

[5] EDWARDS SW AND ARNOLD CR. 1961. The caddis flies of the San Marcos river. Tex J Sci 13: 398-415.

[6] FLINT OS. 1974. The Trichoptera of Surinam. Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XV. Stud Fau Surin Guyan 14: 1-151

[7] FLINT OS. 1982. Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXXI: five new species from Argentina (Trichoptera). Entomol News 93: 43-47.

[8] FLINT OS. 1991. Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XLIV: on a collection from Ilha de Maraca, Brazil. Acta Amaz 21: 63-83.

[9] FROST SW. 1957. The Pennsylvania insect light trap. J Econ Entomol 50: 287-292.

[10] HARRIS SC AND DAVENPORT LJ. 1999. New species of Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) from the Amazon region of northeastern Peru. Proc Entomol Soc Wash 101: 26-38.

[11] HOLZENTHAL RW, BLAHNIK RJ, PRATHER AL AND KJER KM. 2007. Order Trichoptera Kirby, 1813 (Insecta), caddisflies. Zootaxa 1668: 639-698.

[12] HOLZENTHAL RW AND CALOR AR. 2017. Catalog of the Neotropical Trichoptera (Caddisflies). ZooKeys 654: 1-566.

[13] HOLZENTHAL RW AND HARRIS SC. 1992. Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) of Costa Rica: the genus Oxyethira Eaton. J N Y Entomol Soc 100: 155-177.

[14] KELLEY RW. 1983. New Neotropical species of Oxyethira (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). P Entomol Soc Wash 85: 41-54.

[15] KELLEY RW. 1984. Phylogeny, morphology and classification of the micro-caddisfly genus Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae). T Am Entomol Soc 110: 435-463.

[16] MARSHALL JE. 1979. A review of the genera of the Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). Bull Br Mus (Nat Hist) Entomol Ser 39(3): 135-239.

[17] MORSE JC. 2017. Trichoptera World Checklist. http://entweb.clemson.edu/database/trichopt/index.htm
» http://entweb.clemson.edu/database/trichopt/index.htm

[18] MOSELY ME. 1937. Mexican Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). T Roy Ent Soc London 86: 151-189.

[19] MOSELY ME. 1939. The Brazilian Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera). Novit Zool 41: 217-239.

[20] MÜLLER F. 1879. Notes on the cases of some South Brazilian Trichoptera. T Roy Ent Soc London 4: 131-144.

[21] PAPROCKI H, HOLZENTHAL RW AND BLAHNIK RJ. 2004. Checklist of the Trichoptera (Insecta) of Brazil I. Biota Neotrop 4: 1-22.

[22] SANTOS APM, CALOR AR, DUMAS LL, PES AMO, SOUZA WRM, HENRIQUES-OLIVEIRA AL AND CAMARGOS LM. 2017. Trichoptera in: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/278
» http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/278

[23] SANTOS APM, HENRIQUES-OLIVEIRA AL AND NESSIMIAN JL. 2009. New species and records of Oxyethira Eaton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Amazonas State, Brazil. Zootaxa 2169: 35-44.

[24] SOUZA WRM AND SANTOS APM. 2017. Taxonomic study of the genus Oxyethira Eaton 1873 (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Northeastern Brazil: eleven new species and distributional records. Zootaxa 4236(3): 484-506.

[25] SOUZA WRM, SANTOS APM, LIMA LRC AND PINHEIRO US. 2013. A new species and new records of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 3700(4): 583-587.

[26] TAKIYA DM ET AL. 2016. Aquatic Insects from the Caatinga: checklists and diversity assessments of Ubajara (Ceará State) and Sete Cidades (Piauí State) National Parks, Northeastern Brazil. Biodivers Data J 4: e8354.

[27] THOMSON RE AND HOLZENTHAL RW. 2012. New species and records of Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) from Venezuela. ZooKeys 185: 19-39.