Atividade lenta posterior: correlação eletro-clínica

Lins, Salustiano Gomes

doi:10.1590/S0004-282X1971000200002

Resumos

Inicialmente é feita breve exposição dos cinco principais tipos de atividade lenta posterior descritas na literatura eletrencefalográfica: variedade lenta do ritmo alfa, ritmo theta posterior, ondas lentas posteriores a 4 hertz, ritmo delta associado ao pequeno mal e ondas Pi. Em seguida o autor expõe seus achados, baseado num material clínico composto por 760 pacientes, colhidos ao acaso, dos dois sexos e com idades variáveis entre 5 e 24 anos. Excetuando a variedade lenta do ritmo alfa, um ou mais dos outros quatro grafo-elementos referidos foram observados em 131 destes pacientes (80 do sexo masculino e 51 do sexo feminino) pertencentes aos 3 primeiros grupos etários (5 a 19 anos). Sua predominância no sexo masculino não alcançou nível de significação estatística, mas a maior incidência nos grupos de menor idade foi significativa a 0,01. O ritmo theta posterior associou-se significativamente apenas a distúrbios de conduta com forte agressividade. Dos 131 casos referidos, 10 eram portadores de pequeno mal e destes, 5 apresentavam ritmo delta posterior (3 do sexo masculino e 2 do sexo feminino). Apenas em dois casos foi observado o ritmo lento posterior a 4 hertz, ambos com comemorativos de traumatismo craniano, seguido de distúrbios da conduta e agressividade.

The five principal types of posterior slow activity are reviwed: the slow alpha variant rhythm; the posterior theta rhythm; the posterior slow waves at 4 c/s; the delta rhythm associated with petit mal; the so called Pi waves. The results with EEG tracings of 760 patients of both sexes with ages between 5 and 24 years are reviewed. Except for the slow alpha variant, at least one of the four other phenomena as observed in 131 patients (80 males end 51 females). The theta rhythm was observed in 49 cases (29 males and 20 females). This higher frequence among the males is not significant but the higher frequence among the younger and the association with a clinical picture of disturbance of behavior with strong agressivity is significant at 0.01. From 10 patients with diagnosis of petit mal, five presented a posterior slow rhythm (3 males and 2 females). Two patients that presented a posterior slow rhythm at 4 c/s had a history of head injury with consecutive behavior disorders with strong agressivity. The Pi waves were observed in 84 cases (55 males and 29 females), with different curve of decrease with the age in the two sexes. Among the females the decrease of frequence with the age was significant, but among the males it only neared the level of signification. The higher frequence of Pi waves among the males was significant in the age group of 15 to 19 and neared the level of signification in the age of 5 to 9. The Pi waves were present in 100% of the patients with a history of faints, but they had no significant association with the clinical pictures of behaviour disorders, paroxistical headache and dyslexia. It was observed a significant association of the incidence of Pi waves with a good organization of the background activity and with weak or absent response to the hiperventilation (at 0.05). The absense of a significant association between the Pi waves and the theta rhythm suggests that these two electrical patterns are related to quite autonomous phenomena.

Atividade lenta posterior: correlação eletro-clínica

Posterior EEG slow activity: electro-clinical correlation

Salustiano Gomes Lins

Chefe da Secção de Neurofisiologia Clinica do Instituto de Neurologia da Fac. Med. da Univ. Federal de Pernambuco

RESUMO

Inicialmente é feita breve exposição dos cinco principais tipos de atividade lenta posterior descritas na literatura eletrencefalográfica: variedade lenta do ritmo alfa, ritmo theta posterior, ondas lentas posteriores a 4 hertz, ritmo delta associado ao pequeno mal e ondas Pi. Em seguida o autor expõe seus achados, baseado num material clínico composto por 760 pacientes, colhidos ao acaso, dos dois sexos e com idades variáveis entre 5 e 24 anos. Excetuando a variedade lenta do ritmo alfa, um ou mais dos outros quatro grafo-elementos referidos foram observados em 131 destes pacientes (80 do sexo masculino e 51 do sexo feminino) pertencentes aos 3 primeiros grupos etários (5 a 19 anos). Sua predominância no sexo masculino não alcançou nível de significação estatística, mas a maior incidência nos grupos de menor idade foi significativa a 0,01. O ritmo theta posterior associou-se significativamente apenas a distúrbios de conduta com forte agressividade. Dos 131 casos referidos, 10 eram portadores de pequeno mal e destes, 5 apresentavam ritmo delta posterior (3 do sexo masculino e 2 do sexo feminino). Apenas em dois casos foi observado o ritmo lento posterior a 4 hertz, ambos com comemorativos de traumatismo craniano, seguido de distúrbios da conduta e agressividade.

SUMMARY

The five principal types of posterior slow activity are reviwed: the slow alpha variant rhythm; the posterior theta rhythm; the posterior slow waves at 4 c/s; the delta rhythm associated with petit mal; the so called Pi waves. The results with EEG tracings of 760 patients of both sexes with ages between 5 and 24 years are reviewed. Except for the slow alpha variant, at least one of the four other phenomena as observed in 131 patients (80 males end 51 females). The theta rhythm was observed in 49 cases (29 males and 20 females). This higher frequence among the males is not significant but the higher frequence among the younger and the association with a clinical picture of disturbance of behavior with strong agressivity is significant at 0.01. From 10 patients with diagnosis of petit mal, five presented a posterior slow rhythm (3 males and 2 females). Two patients that presented a posterior slow rhythm at 4 c/s had a history of head injury with consecutive behavior disorders with strong agressivity. The Pi waves were observed in 84 cases (55 males and 29 females), with different curve of decrease with the age in the two sexes. Among the females the decrease of frequence with the age was significant, but among the males it only neared the level of signification. The higher frequence of Pi waves among the males was significant in the age group of 15 to 19 and neared the level of signification in the age of 5 to 9. The Pi waves were present in 100% of the patients with a history of faints, but they had no significant association with the clinical pictures of behaviour disorders, paroxistical headache and dyslexia. It was observed a significant association of the incidence of Pi waves with a good organization of the background activity and with weak or absent response to the hiperventilation (at 0.05). The absense of a significant association between the Pi waves and the theta rhythm suggests that these two electrical patterns are related to quite autonomous phenomena.

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Instituto de Eletrencefalografia Rua Manoel de Almeida 154 Recife, Pe Brasil.

Co-relatório apresentado ao II Congresso de Eletrencefalografia e Neurofisiologia Clínica (Porto Alegre, julho de 1970)

1. AIRD, R. B. & GASTAUT, Y. Occipital and posterior electroencephalographic rhythms. EEG Clin. Neurophysiol. 11:637, 1959.
2. COHN, R. & NARDINE, J. E. The correlation of bilateral occipital slow activity in the human EEG with certain disorders of behavior. Amer. J. Psychiat. 115:44, 1958.
3. ELSTON, C.; GORDON, N. & COBB, W. Occipital delta rhythm in relation to centrencephalus. EEG Clin. Neurophysiol. 8:161, 1956.
4. GASTAUT, H.; DONGIER, M. & JEST, C. Confrontation entre les donnés de l'electroencephalogramme et des examens psychologiques chez 522 sujets répartis en trois groupes différents. EEG Clin. Neurophysiol. Suppl. 6:283, 1957.
5. GIBBS; F. A.; GIBBS, E. L. & LENNOX, W. G. Electroencephalographic responses to overventilation and its relation to age. J. Pediat. 23:497, 1943.
6. GOODWIN, J. E. The significance of alpha variants in the EEG and their relationship to an epileptic syndrome. Amer. J. Psychiat. 104:369, 1947.
7. HILL, D. & PARR, G. Electroencephalography. A Symposium on its Various Aspects. Macdonald Ed., London, 1950.
8. LOISEAUX, P.; VERGER, P. & ETCHEVERRY, M. L. Remarques cliniques et electroencéphalographiques sur le petit mal épileptique (a propos de 60 observations). An. Pédiat. (Paris) 38:171, 1962.
9. NAYRAC, P. & BEAUSSART, M. A propos de rythmes a 4 c/s postérieurs chez les anciens traumatisés crâniens. Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 94:849, 1956.
10. PITOT, M. & GASTAUT, Y. Aspects electroencéphalographiques inhabituells des sequelles des traumatismes craniens. Les rythmes postérieurs a 4 cyclessecond. Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 94:189, 1956.
11. MÜLLER-KÜPPERS, M. & VOGEL, F. Über die Personlichkeistruktur von Trägern einer seltenen erblichen EEG Variant. Iahrb. Psychool. Psychoter. Med. Antrop. 12:76, 1965.
12. ROBIN, A. Démembrements des pycnolepsies de l'enfance et de l'adolescence. Acta Neuroi. Psychiat. Belg. 60:881, 1960.
13. VALLAT, J. N. & LEPETIT, J. M. Présentations de tracés de traumatismes crâniens avec rythmes posterieurs à quatre cycles-seconde. Notions sur les caractères evolutifs. Quelques réflexions à propos de l'expertise. Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 96:551, 1957.
14. VERDEAUX, G. & VERDEAUX, J. Électroencéphalographie et délinquance. Étude comparative sur deux populations d'adolescents. Rev. franc. Psychol. 8:66, 1963.
15. VERDEAUX, G.; CHIROL, Y. & SELOSSE, J. Les anomalies fonctionnelles de l'életroencéphalogramme chez les adolescents normaux, caractériels ou déliquants. Essai de classification diférentielle par analyse statistique. Ann. Vaucresson. 2:133, 1964.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
19 Abr 2013
Data do Fascículo
Jun 1971

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. AIRD, R. B. & GASTAUT, Y. Occipital and posterior electroencephalographic rhythms. EEG Clin. Neurophysiol. 11:637, 1959.

[2] 2. COHN, R. & NARDINE, J. E. The correlation of bilateral occipital slow activity in the human EEG with certain disorders of behavior. Amer. J. Psychiat. 115:44, 1958.

[3] 3. ELSTON, C.; GORDON, N. & COBB, W. Occipital delta rhythm in relation to centrencephalus. EEG Clin. Neurophysiol. 8:161, 1956.

[4] 4. GASTAUT, H.; DONGIER, M. & JEST, C. Confrontation entre les donnés de l'electroencephalogramme et des examens psychologiques chez 522 sujets répartis en trois groupes différents. EEG Clin. Neurophysiol. Suppl. 6:283, 1957.

[5] 5. GIBBS; F. A.; GIBBS, E. L. & LENNOX, W. G. Electroencephalographic responses to overventilation and its relation to age. J. Pediat. 23:497, 1943.

[6] 6. GOODWIN, J. E. The significance of alpha variants in the EEG and their relationship to an epileptic syndrome. Amer. J. Psychiat. 104:369, 1947.

[7] 7. HILL, D. & PARR, G. Electroencephalography. A Symposium on its Various Aspects. Macdonald Ed., London, 1950.

[8] 8. LOISEAUX, P.; VERGER, P. & ETCHEVERRY, M. L. Remarques cliniques et electroencéphalographiques sur le petit mal épileptique (a propos de 60 observations). An. Pédiat. (Paris) 38:171, 1962.

[9] 9. NAYRAC, P. & BEAUSSART, M. A propos de rythmes a 4 c/s postérieurs chez les anciens traumatisés crâniens. Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 94:849, 1956.

[10] 10. PITOT, M. & GASTAUT, Y. Aspects electroencéphalographiques inhabituells des sequelles des traumatismes craniens. Les rythmes postérieurs a 4 cyclessecond. Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 94:189, 1956.

[11] 11. MÜLLER-KÜPPERS, M. & VOGEL, F. Über die Personlichkeistruktur von Trägern einer seltenen erblichen EEG Variant. Iahrb. Psychool. Psychoter. Med. Antrop. 12:76, 1965.

[12] 12. ROBIN, A. Démembrements des pycnolepsies de l'enfance et de l'adolescence. Acta Neuroi. Psychiat. Belg. 60:881, 1960.

[13] 13. VALLAT, J. N. & LEPETIT, J. M. Présentations de tracés de traumatismes crâniens avec rythmes posterieurs à quatre cycles-seconde. Notions sur les caractères evolutifs. Quelques réflexions à propos de l'expertise. Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 96:551, 1957.

[14] 14. VERDEAUX, G. & VERDEAUX, J. Électroencéphalographie et délinquance. Étude comparative sur deux populations d'adolescents. Rev. franc. Psychol. 8:66, 1963.

[15] 15. VERDEAUX, G.; CHIROL, Y. & SELOSSE, J. Les anomalies fonctionnelles de l'életroencéphalogramme chez les adolescents normaux, caractériels ou déliquants. Essai de classification diférentielle par analyse statistique. Ann. Vaucresson. 2:133, 1964.