Estudos virológicos em pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica

Lima, José Mauro Braz de; Andrade, Claudio de Moraes; Duro, Luiz Antonio Alves; Lopez-Alvarez, Maria Luisa; Mesquita, Natalia de

doi:10.1590/S0004-282X1981000100009

Resumos

São estudados os efeitos da inoculação de líquido cefalorraqueano de pacientes com ELA em camundongos recém-natos (via intracerebral). Os autores discutem os resultados encontrados, bem como a hipótese da ELA ser de natureza infecciosa (doença causada por vírus de ação lenta).

The effects of intracerebral inoculation of cerebrospinal fluid in mice from 9 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are reported. There were 704 animals inoculated. The results were considered positives when the animals presented difficults in walking and equilibrating. Cases 1, 2, 6, 7 and 9 were positives in first passage. In case 1, the positivity was reached from first to fourth passage and in case 6. to third passage. At sight of this results, the possibility of that disease to be caused by slow-virus is discussed.

Estudos virológicos em pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica

Viral studies in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

José Mauro Braz de Lima^I; Claudio de Moraes Andrade^II; Luiz Antonio Alves Duro^III; Maria Luisa Lopez-Alvarez^IV; Natalia de Mesquita^V

^IAuxiliar de Ensino do INDC/UFRJ

^IIProf. Adjunto do IM/UFRJ

^IIIMestrando em Neurologia do INDC/UFRJ

^IVResponsável pelo Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica do IM/UFRJ

^VResidente do INDC/UFRJ

RESUMO

São estudados os efeitos da inoculação de líquido cefalorraqueano de pacientes com ELA em camundongos recém-natos (via intracerebral). Os autores discutem os resultados encontrados, bem como a hipótese da ELA ser de natureza infecciosa (doença causada por vírus de ação lenta).

SUMMARY

The effects of intracerebral inoculation of cerebrospinal fluid in mice from 9 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are reported. There were 704 animals inoculated. The results were considered positives when the animals presented difficults in walking and equilibrating. Cases 1, 2, 6, 7 and 9 were positives in first passage. In case 1, the positivity was reached from first to fourth passage and in case 6. to third passage. At sight of this results, the possibility of that disease to be caused by slow-virus is discussed.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

Trabalho realizado no Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto (Serviço do Prof. Bernardo Couto) da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (INDC/UFRJ) e nos Laboratórios de Virologia e Microscopia Eletrônica do Instituto de Microbiologia da UFRJ (Diretor: Prof. Diogo Machado).

Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto - An. Venceslau Braz, 95, Botafogo - 22290 Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil.

Instituto de Microbiologia da UFRJ - Departamento de Virologia - Centro de Ciências da Saúde - Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão - JBio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil.

1. ACTON, D. J.; KUCERA, L. S.; MIRVIK, Q. N. & WEISSER, R. S. - Enfermidades virales de larga duração. In Virologia Médica. Ed. Neuva Editorial Intera-mericana, Mexico, cap. 22, 1974.
2. ADAMS, D. H. & BELL. T. M. - Slow viroses. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Boston, 1976.
3. ANDREWS, J. M. &. GARDNER, M. B. - Murine mielopathy with motor neuron degeneration caused by an indigenous RNA tumor virus. Neurology (Minneapolis) 24:383, 1974.
4. AUSTREGÉSILO, A.; COUTO, D.; FILHO, A. & COSTA. N. - Algumas considerações clínico-patológicas acerca das neuro-viroses observadas no Brasil. J. Bras. Neurol. (Rio de Janeiro) 1:363, 1949.
5. BAUER, S. - Langsame Viren und ZNS. Nervenarzt 44:393. 1973.
6. BRODANO, B. G. - I virus lenti. Gionale di Malattie Infettive e Parassitarie 29:711. 1977.
7. BRODY, J. A.; HADLOW, W. J.; HOTCHIN, J.; JOHNSON, R. T.; KOPROWSKY, H. & KUTRLAND, R. T. - Soviet search for viruses that cause chronic neurologic diseases in the U.R.S.S. Science 147:1114, 1965.
8. COSTA, J. C; RASSON, A. S.; TRALKE, T. S.; ENGEL, W. K.; CANELLON, G. P. &. BRATENAHE, C. G. - Leukemia and lower-motor-neuron disease. The Lancet II (872):107, 1974.
9. FROMENT, M. J. - Selérose latérale amyotrophique et encephalite épidémique. Rev. Neurol. (Paris) I:842, 1925.
10. GAJDUSEK, D. C; GIBBS, C. J. Jr. & ALPERS, M. - Experimental transmission of a Kuru-like syndrome to chimpangles. Nature 209:794, 1966.
11. GAJDUSEK, D. C. - Slow-virus infections of the nervous system. New England J. Med. 16:392, 1967.
12. GAJDUSEK, D. C. & GIBBS, C. J. Jr. - Transmission of two subacute encephalopathies of man (Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) to new world monkeys. Nature 230:588, 1971.
13. GAJDUSEK, D. C. - Slow infections spongiform virus encephalopathies. J. Clin. Pathol. 25 (Suppl.): 78, 1972.
14. GAJDUSEK, D. C. - Kuru in the New Guinea Highlands. In J. D. Spillane, ed. - Tropical Neurology. Oxford University Press, London, pp. 376-383, 1973
15. GAJDUSEK, D. C. - New aspects of spongiform subacute viral encephalopathies. Abstracts of the IV Congresso Pan-Americano de Neurologia, México, pp. 12-17, 1975.
16. GAJDUSEK. D. C. & GIBBS. C. J. Jr. - Kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseases and transmissible presenile dementias. In V. Ter. Meulen & M. Katz, eds. - Slow-virus Infections of the Central Nervous System. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 15-49, 1977.
17. GARDNER, M. B. & Henderson, B. E. - Lower motor neurone disease in mice and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in man. The Lancet 2 (II): 952, 1974.
18. GARDNER, M. B.; RASHEED, S.; KLEMENT, J.; ROUGEY, R. W.; BROWN, C. J.; DWORSKY, R. & HENDERSON, B. E. - Lower motor neuron disease in wild mice caused by indigenous type C virus and search for a similar etiology in human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In J. M. Andrews, R. T. Johnson & M. A. Brazier. eds. - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Recent Research Trends. Academic Press, New York, pp. 217-234. 1976.
19. GIBBS, C. J. Jr & GAJDUSEK. D. C. - Kuru: a prototype subacute infectious disease of the nervous system as a model for the study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In F. H. Norris & L. T. Kurland, eds. - Motor Neuron Disease. Grune and Stratton Inc.. New York, pp. 269-279. W69.
20. GIBBS, C. J. Jr. & GAJDUSEK, D. C. - Infection as the etiology of spongiform encephalopathy (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). Science 165 (3897): 1023, 1969.
21. GIBBS, C. J. Jr. & GAJDUSEK. D. C. - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and th amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinsonism dementia complex on Guam: a review and summary of attempts to demonstrate infection as the etiology. J. Clin. Pathol. 25 (Suppl.): 132. 1972.
22. GIBBS, C. J. Jr. & GAJDUSEK, D. C. - Isolation and characterization of the subacute spongiform virus encephalopathies of man. J. Clin. Pathol. 25 (Suppl.): 84, 1972.
23. GIBBS, C. J. Jr. & GAJDUSEK, D. C. - Biology of Kuru and Creuztfeldt-Jakob disease. In W. Zeman & E. H. Lennette, eds. - Slow-virus disease. The Williams and Wilkms Company, Baltimore, 1974.
24. HANISCH, R.; DWORSKI, R. L. & HENDERSON, B. E. - A search for clues to the cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Arch. Neurol. (Chicago) 33:456, 1976.
25. HARDLOW, W. J. - Scrapie and Kuru. The Lancet 2 (7097): 289, 1959.
26. HIRANO, A.; KURLAND, L. T.; KROOTHY, R. S. & LESSEL, S. - Parkinsonism dementia complex an endemic disease on the islands of Guam. Brain 84:642, 1961.
27. HORTA BARBOSA, L.; FUCILLO, D. A. & SEVER, J. L. - Subacute sclerosing panensephalites: isolation of measles virus from a brain biopsy. Nature 221:974, 1969.
28. JOHNSON, R. T. - Virological studies and summary of soviet experiments on the transmission of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to monkeys. In F. H. Norrris & L. T. Kurland, eds. - Motor Neuron Disease. Grune and Stratton Inc., New York, pp. 280-285, 1969.
29. JOHNSON, R. T. & HERNDON, R. M. - Virologic studies of multiple sclerosis and others chronic and relapsing neurological disease. Progr. Med. Virol. 18:214, 1974.
30. JOHNSON, R. T. - Slow infections: virus host relationship. In W. Zeman & E. LENNETTE. eds. - Slow virus disease. The Williams and Wilkins Co. Baltimore, pp. 1-9, 1974.
31. JOHNSON, R. T. & GIBBS, C. J. Jr. - Koch's postulate and slow infections of the nervous system. Arch. Neurol. (Chicago) 30:36, 1974.
32. JOHNSON, R. T. - Slow-virus infections and chronic neurological diseases. In P. Seeman & G. M. Brow, eds. - Frontiers in Neurology and Neuro-science Research. University of Toronto, pp. 89-96, 1974.
33. JOHNSON, R. T. - Slow-virus diseases of the central nervous system: transmissi-bility vs communicability. Clinical Neurosurgery 24;590-597, 1977.
34. JOHNSON, R. T. - Virological studies of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an over view. In J. M. Andrews; R. T. Johnson & M. A. Brazier, eds. - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Recent Research Trends. Academic Press, New York, pp. 173-180, 1976.
35. JOHNSON, R. T. & GRIFFIN, D. E. - Pathogenesis of virus infections. In P. J. Vinken & G. W. Bruyn, eds. - Handbook of Clinical Neurology. North Holland Publishing Co., London, cap. 2, 1978.
36. LIMA, J. M. B. - Contribuição para o estudo da esclerose lateral . amiotrófica: aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e virológicos. Tese INDC/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, 1979.
37. LIPTON, H. L. & COUTO, M. C. B. - Theiler's virus induced central nervous system disease in mice. In J. M. Andrews; R. T. Johnson & M. A. Brasier, eds. - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Recent Research Trends. Academic Press, New York, pp. 263-277, 1976.
38. MANZ, H. J. - Pathology and pathogenesis of viral infections of central nervous system. Human Pathology 8:3, 1977.
39. MÜLLER, W. K. & HILGENSTOCK, F. - An uncommon case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with isolation of a virus from CSF. J. Neurol. 211:11, 1975.
40. NERI, V. - Rapport clinique sur la sclerose latérale amyotrophique. Rev. Neurol. (Paris) I: 759, 1925.
41. NORRIS, F. H. Jr. - Current status of the search for virus in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Abstracts of the IV Panamerican Congress of Neurology, México D. F., 1975.
42. OLDSTONE, M. B. A.; PERRIN, L. H. & WELSH, R. M. - Potential pathogenic mechanism of injury in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In J. M. Andrews; R. T. Johnson & M. A. Brazier, eds. - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Recent Research Trends. Academic Press, New York, pp. 251-262, 1976.
43. ORNSTEIN, A. M. - The syndrome of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in epidemic encephalitis. J. Nervous and Mental Diseases 72:369, 1930.
44. OSHIRO, L. S.; CREMER, N. E.; NORRIS, F. H. & LENNETTE, E. H. - Virus like particle in muscle from a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology (Minneapolis) 26 : 57, 1976.
45. POUSSEP ET RIVES, S. - Contribuition à la pathologie et à la pathogenie de la sclérose latérale amyotrophique. Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 1:834, 1925.
46. SIGURDSSON, B. - RIDA: a chronic encephalitis of sheep: with general remarks on infections which develop slowly and some of their special characteristics. British Veterinary. (London) 110:341, 1954.
47. VIOLA, M. Y. - RNA tumor viruses as causative agents of chronic neurological disease. In J. M. Andrews, R. T. Johnson & M. A. Brazier, eds. - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Recent Research Trends. Academic Press, New York, pp. 235-249, 1976.
48. WALKER, D. L.; PADGENTT, B. L.; ZU RHEIN, Z. M.; ALBERT, A. E. & MARSH, R. F. - Current study of an opportunistic papova virus. In W. Zeman & E. Lennet-te, eds. - Slow Virus Disease. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1974.
49. WEINER, L. P. & Johnson, R. T. - Virus host clues interactions in slow virus diseases of the nervous system. In G. Poste & G. L. Nicholson, eds. - Virus Infections and Cell Surface. North Holland Company, Amsterdam, pp. 195-212, 1977.
50. WIMMER, M. - Amyotrophies de type sclérose latérale amyotrophique dans l'ence-phalite epidémique chronique. Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 1:841, 1925.
51. WOLGRAM, F. - Blind studies on the effect of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis sera on motor neurone in vitro. In J. M. Andrews; R. T. Johnson & M. A. Brazier, eds. - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Recent Research Trends. Academic Press, New York, pp. 145-149, 1976.
52. ZIL'BER, L. A.; BAGDAKOVA, Z. L.; GARDAS JAN, A. N.; KONAVALOV, N. V.; BUNINA, T. L. & BARABADZE, E. M. - Study of the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Bulletin of World Health Organization 29:449, 1963.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
20 Ago 2012
Data do Fascículo
Mar 1981

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. ACTON, D. J.; KUCERA, L. S.; MIRVIK, Q. N. & WEISSER, R. S. - Enfermidades virales de larga duração. In Virologia Médica. Ed. Neuva Editorial Intera-mericana, Mexico, cap. 22, 1974.

[2] 2. ADAMS, D. H. & BELL. T. M. - Slow viroses. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Boston, 1976.

[3] 3. ANDREWS, J. M. &. GARDNER, M. B. - Murine mielopathy with motor neuron degeneration caused by an indigenous RNA tumor virus. Neurology (Minneapolis) 24:383, 1974.

[4] 4. AUSTREGÉSILO, A.; COUTO, D.; FILHO, A. & COSTA. N. - Algumas considerações clínico-patológicas acerca das neuro-viroses observadas no Brasil. J. Bras. Neurol. (Rio de Janeiro) 1:363, 1949.

[5] 5. BAUER, S. - Langsame Viren und ZNS. Nervenarzt 44:393. 1973.

[6] 6. BRODANO, B. G. - I virus lenti. Gionale di Malattie Infettive e Parassitarie 29:711. 1977.

[7] 7. BRODY, J. A.; HADLOW, W. J.; HOTCHIN, J.; JOHNSON, R. T.; KOPROWSKY, H. & KUTRLAND, R. T. - Soviet search for viruses that cause chronic neurologic diseases in the U.R.S.S. Science 147:1114, 1965.

[8] 8. COSTA, J. C; RASSON, A. S.; TRALKE, T. S.; ENGEL, W. K.; CANELLON, G. P. &. BRATENAHE, C. G. - Leukemia and lower-motor-neuron disease. The Lancet II (872):107, 1974.

[9] 9. FROMENT, M. J. - Selérose latérale amyotrophique et encephalite épidémique. Rev. Neurol. (Paris) I:842, 1925.

[10] 10. GAJDUSEK, D. C; GIBBS, C. J. Jr. & ALPERS, M. - Experimental transmission of a Kuru-like syndrome to chimpangles. Nature 209:794, 1966.

[11] 11. GAJDUSEK, D. C. - Slow-virus infections of the nervous system. New England J. Med. 16:392, 1967.

[12] 12. GAJDUSEK, D. C. & GIBBS, C. J. Jr. - Transmission of two subacute encephalopathies of man (Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) to new world monkeys. Nature 230:588, 1971.

[13] 13. GAJDUSEK, D. C. - Slow infections spongiform virus encephalopathies. J. Clin. Pathol. 25 (Suppl.): 78, 1972.

[14] 14. GAJDUSEK, D. C. - Kuru in the New Guinea Highlands. In J. D. Spillane, ed. - Tropical Neurology. Oxford University Press, London, pp. 376-383, 1973

[15] 15. GAJDUSEK, D. C. - New aspects of spongiform subacute viral encephalopathies. Abstracts of the IV Congresso Pan-Americano de Neurologia, México, pp. 12-17, 1975.

[16] 16. GAJDUSEK. D. C. & GIBBS. C. J. Jr. - Kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseases and transmissible presenile dementias. In V. Ter. Meulen & M. Katz, eds. - Slow-virus Infections of the Central Nervous System. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 15-49, 1977.

[17] 17. GARDNER, M. B. & Henderson, B. E. - Lower motor neurone disease in mice and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in man. The Lancet 2 (II): 952, 1974.

[18] 18. GARDNER, M. B.; RASHEED, S.; KLEMENT, J.; ROUGEY, R. W.; BROWN, C. J.; DWORSKY, R. & HENDERSON, B. E. - Lower motor neuron disease in wild mice caused by indigenous type C virus and search for a similar etiology in human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In J. M. Andrews, R. T. Johnson & M. A. Brazier. eds. - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Recent Research Trends. Academic Press, New York, pp. 217-234. 1976.

[19] 19. GIBBS, C. J. Jr & GAJDUSEK. D. C. - Kuru: a prototype subacute infectious disease of the nervous system as a model for the study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In F. H. Norris & L. T. Kurland, eds. - Motor Neuron Disease. Grune and Stratton Inc.. New York, pp. 269-279. W69.

[20] 20. GIBBS, C. J. Jr. & GAJDUSEK, D. C. - Infection as the etiology of spongiform encephalopathy (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). Science 165 (3897): 1023, 1969.

[21] 21. GIBBS, C. J. Jr. & GAJDUSEK. D. C. - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and th amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinsonism dementia complex on Guam: a review and summary of attempts to demonstrate infection as the etiology. J. Clin. Pathol. 25 (Suppl.): 132. 1972.

[22] 22. GIBBS, C. J. Jr. & GAJDUSEK, D. C. - Isolation and characterization of the subacute spongiform virus encephalopathies of man. J. Clin. Pathol. 25 (Suppl.): 84, 1972.

[23] 23. GIBBS, C. J. Jr. & GAJDUSEK, D. C. - Biology of Kuru and Creuztfeldt-Jakob disease. In W. Zeman & E. H. Lennette, eds. - Slow-virus disease. The Williams and Wilkms Company, Baltimore, 1974.

[24] 24. HANISCH, R.; DWORSKI, R. L. & HENDERSON, B. E. - A search for clues to the cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Arch. Neurol. (Chicago) 33:456, 1976.

[25] 25. HARDLOW, W. J. - Scrapie and Kuru. The Lancet 2 (7097): 289, 1959.

[26] 26. HIRANO, A.; KURLAND, L. T.; KROOTHY, R. S. & LESSEL, S. - Parkinsonism dementia complex an endemic disease on the islands of Guam. Brain 84:642, 1961.

[27] 27. HORTA BARBOSA, L.; FUCILLO, D. A. & SEVER, J. L. - Subacute sclerosing panensephalites: isolation of measles virus from a brain biopsy. Nature 221:974, 1969.

[28] 28. JOHNSON, R. T. - Virological studies and summary of soviet experiments on the transmission of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to monkeys. In F. H. Norrris & L. T. Kurland, eds. - Motor Neuron Disease. Grune and Stratton Inc., New York, pp. 280-285, 1969.

[29] 29. JOHNSON, R. T. & HERNDON, R. M. - Virologic studies of multiple sclerosis and others chronic and relapsing neurological disease. Progr. Med. Virol. 18:214, 1974.

[30] 30. JOHNSON, R. T. - Slow infections: virus host relationship. In W. Zeman & E. LENNETTE. eds. - Slow virus disease. The Williams and Wilkins Co. Baltimore, pp. 1-9, 1974.

[31] 31. JOHNSON, R. T. & GIBBS, C. J. Jr. - Koch's postulate and slow infections of the nervous system. Arch. Neurol. (Chicago) 30:36, 1974.

[32] 32. JOHNSON, R. T. - Slow-virus infections and chronic neurological diseases. In P. Seeman & G. M. Brow, eds. - Frontiers in Neurology and Neuro-science Research. University of Toronto, pp. 89-96, 1974.

[33] 33. JOHNSON, R. T. - Slow-virus diseases of the central nervous system: transmissi-bility vs communicability. Clinical Neurosurgery 24;590-597, 1977.

[34] 34. JOHNSON, R. T. - Virological studies of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an over view. In J. M. Andrews; R. T. Johnson & M. A. Brazier, eds. - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Recent Research Trends. Academic Press, New York, pp. 173-180, 1976.

[35] 35. JOHNSON, R. T. & GRIFFIN, D. E. - Pathogenesis of virus infections. In P. J. Vinken & G. W. Bruyn, eds. - Handbook of Clinical Neurology. North Holland Publishing Co., London, cap. 2, 1978.

[36] 36. LIMA, J. M. B. - Contribuição para o estudo da esclerose lateral . amiotrófica: aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos e virológicos. Tese INDC/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, 1979.

[37] 37. LIPTON, H. L. & COUTO, M. C. B. - Theiler's virus induced central nervous system disease in mice. In J. M. Andrews; R. T. Johnson & M. A. Brasier, eds. - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Recent Research Trends. Academic Press, New York, pp. 263-277, 1976.

[38] 38. MANZ, H. J. - Pathology and pathogenesis of viral infections of central nervous system. Human Pathology 8:3, 1977.

[39] 39. MÜLLER, W. K. & HILGENSTOCK, F. - An uncommon case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with isolation of a virus from CSF. J. Neurol. 211:11, 1975.

[40] 40. NERI, V. - Rapport clinique sur la sclerose latérale amyotrophique. Rev. Neurol. (Paris) I: 759, 1925.

[41] 41. NORRIS, F. H. Jr. - Current status of the search for virus in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Abstracts of the IV Panamerican Congress of Neurology, México D. F., 1975.

[42] 42. OLDSTONE, M. B. A.; PERRIN, L. H. & WELSH, R. M. - Potential pathogenic mechanism of injury in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In J. M. Andrews; R. T. Johnson & M. A. Brazier, eds. - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Recent Research Trends. Academic Press, New York, pp. 251-262, 1976.

[43] 43. ORNSTEIN, A. M. - The syndrome of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in epidemic encephalitis. J. Nervous and Mental Diseases 72:369, 1930.

[44] 44. OSHIRO, L. S.; CREMER, N. E.; NORRIS, F. H. & LENNETTE, E. H. - Virus like particle in muscle from a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology (Minneapolis) 26 : 57, 1976.

[45] 45. POUSSEP ET RIVES, S. - Contribuition à la pathologie et à la pathogenie de la sclérose latérale amyotrophique. Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 1:834, 1925.

[46] 46. SIGURDSSON, B. - RIDA: a chronic encephalitis of sheep: with general remarks on infections which develop slowly and some of their special characteristics. British Veterinary. (London) 110:341, 1954.

[47] 47. VIOLA, M. Y. - RNA tumor viruses as causative agents of chronic neurological disease. In J. M. Andrews, R. T. Johnson & M. A. Brazier, eds. - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Recent Research Trends. Academic Press, New York, pp. 235-249, 1976.

[48] 48. WALKER, D. L.; PADGENTT, B. L.; ZU RHEIN, Z. M.; ALBERT, A. E. & MARSH, R. F. - Current study of an opportunistic papova virus. In W. Zeman & E. Lennet-te, eds. - Slow Virus Disease. The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1974.

[49] 49. WEINER, L. P. & Johnson, R. T. - Virus host clues interactions in slow virus diseases of the nervous system. In G. Poste & G. L. Nicholson, eds. - Virus Infections and Cell Surface. North Holland Company, Amsterdam, pp. 195-212, 1977.

[50] 50. WIMMER, M. - Amyotrophies de type sclérose latérale amyotrophique dans l'ence-phalite epidémique chronique. Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 1:841, 1925.

[51] 51. WOLGRAM, F. - Blind studies on the effect of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis sera on motor neurone in vitro. In J. M. Andrews; R. T. Johnson & M. A. Brazier, eds. - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Recent Research Trends. Academic Press, New York, pp. 145-149, 1976.

[52] 52. ZIL'BER, L. A.; BAGDAKOVA, Z. L.; GARDAS JAN, A. N.; KONAVALOV, N. V.; BUNINA, T. L. & BARABADZE, E. M. - Study of the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Bulletin of World Health Organization 29:449, 1963.