Morphometry study on pre and post-hatching nerve cell bodies of lumbar spinal ganglia of Gallus domesticus

Carvalho, Claudio A. Ferraz de; Silva, Ciro F. da; Silva Junior, Bonfin A.; Araujo, M. Vilma de

doi:10.1590/S0004-282X1983000300002

Abstracts

A cytomorphometric study was performed in lumbar spinal ganglia neurons of Gallus domesticus on the 10th and 18th incubation days and 8th, 35th, 61st, and 120th post-hatching days. The absolute volume of nucleus and relative volume of cytoplasm were respectively estimated by the Bach² caryometric method and by point-counting volumetry, carried out in 0.5mm thick araldite sections. The relative volume, the surface-to-volume ratio and the total surface of RER, SER, mitochondria, dense bodies, Golgi complex and the relative volume of hyaloplasm inside and outside the Nissl bodies were estimated from electronmicrographs by the Weibel et al.58 method. The conclusions were: a) there was an increase of the cell volume and a decrease of the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, particularly between the first two ages; b) the relative volumes of RER and SER change inversely with respect to each other: the RER increases before hatching, decreasing progressively afterwards; the changes of relative volume of dense bodies are similar to those of the RER, and the mitochondria show relatively small variations concerning the same parameter; c) the relative volume of hyaloplasm inside the Nissl bodies decreases while those outside increases; d) the surface-to-volume ratio drops sharply for all organelles from the 10th to the 18th day of incubation; after hatching, a tendency to increase is observed; e) the membrane surface-to-cytoplasmic volume ratio decreases for all organelles from the 10th to the 18th day of incubation; after hatching, this ratio increases slightly for mitochondria and Golgi complex, sharply for SER, dropping for dense bodies. The RER values alternate regularly.

Foi realizado estudo citomorfométrico em neurônios de gânglios espinais lumbares de Gallus domesticus no 10º e 18º dias de incubação e no 8º, 35º, 61º e 120º dias após a eclosão. Os volumes absoluto do núcleo e relativo do citoplasma foram estimados, respectivamente, pelo método cariométrico de Bach² e pela volumetria de contagem de pontos, em cortes de araldite de 0.5mm. O volume relativo, a relação superfície/volume e a superfície total do RER e SER, mitocôndria, corpos densos, complexo de Golgi e volume relativo de hialoplasma, no interior e fora dos corpos de Nissl, foram estimados a partir de eletron-micrografias, pelo método de Weibel et al.58. As conclusões foram: a) houve aumento do volume celular e diminuição da relação núcleo-citoplasmática, particularmente entre as duas primeiras idades; b) os volumes relativos do RER e SER variam inversamente, entre si: o RER aumenta antes da eclosão, decrescendo, após, progressivamente; as variações do volume relativo dos corpos densos são semelhantes àquelas do RER e as mitocôndrias mostram relativamente, pequenas variações, no que concerne ao mesmo parâmetro; c) o volume relativo do hialoplasma no interior dos corpos de Nissl diminui, enquanto o situado no interior, aumenta; d) a relação superfície/volume decresce muito para todas as organelas, do 10º para o 18º dia de incubação; após a eclosão foi observada tendência à elevação; e) a relação superfície de membrana volume citoplasmático cai para todas as organelas, do 10º para o 18º dia de incubação; após a eclosão, esta relação diminui levemente para mitocôndrias e complexo de Golgi, fortemente para o SER, caindo, também, para corpos densos. Os valores do RER alternam-se, regularmente.

Morphometry study on pre- and post-hatching nerve cell bodies of lumbar spinal ganglia of Gallus domesticus

Estudo morfométrico sobre corpos de células nervosas de gânglios espinais lombares de Gallus domesticus antes e depois da eclosão

Claudio A. Ferraz de Carvalho^I; Ciro F. da Silva^II; Bonfin A. Silva Junior^III; M. Vilma de Araujo^IV

^IFull Professor. Department of Anatomy, ICB, São Paulo University

^IIAssistant Professor. Department of Anatomy, ICB, São Paulo University

^IIIResident Senior. Department of Anatomy, ICB, São Paulo University

^IVBiologist. Department of Anatomy, ICB, São Paulo University

SUMMARY

A cytomorphometric study was performed in lumbar spinal ganglia neurons of Gallus domesticus on the 10th and 18th incubation days and 8th, 35th, 61st, and 120th post-hatching days. The absolute volume of nucleus and relative volume of cytoplasm were respectively estimated by the Bach² caryometric method and by point-counting volumetry, carried out in 0.5mm thick araldite sections. The relative volume, the surface-to-volume ratio and the total surface of RER, SER, mitochondria, dense bodies, Golgi complex and the relative volume of hyaloplasm inside and outside the Nissl bodies were estimated from electronmicrographs by the Weibel et al.⁵⁸ method. The conclusions were: a) there was an increase of the cell volume and a decrease of the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, particularly between the first two ages; b) the relative volumes of RER and SER change inversely with respect to each other: the RER increases before hatching, decreasing progressively afterwards; the changes of relative volume of dense bodies are similar to those of the RER, and the mitochondria show relatively small variations concerning the same parameter; c) the relative volume of hyaloplasm inside the Nissl bodies decreases while those outside increases; d) the surface-to-volume ratio drops sharply for all organelles from the 10th to the 18th day of incubation; after hatching, a tendency to increase is observed; e) the membrane surface-to-cytoplasmic volume ratio decreases for all organelles from the 10th to the 18th day of incubation; after hatching, this ratio increases slightly for mitochondria and Golgi complex, sharply for SER, dropping for dense bodies. The RER values alternate regularly.

RESUMO

Foi realizado estudo citomorfométrico em neurônios de gânglios espinais lumbares de Gallus domesticus no 10º e 18º dias de incubação e no 8º, 35º, 61º e 120º dias após a eclosão. Os volumes absoluto do núcleo e relativo do citoplasma foram estimados, respectivamente, pelo método cariométrico de Bach² e pela volumetria de contagem de pontos, em cortes de araldite de 0.5mm. O volume relativo, a relação superfície/volume e a superfície total do RER e SER, mitocôndria, corpos densos, complexo de Golgi e volume relativo de hialoplasma, no interior e fora dos corpos de Nissl, foram estimados a partir de eletron-micrografias, pelo método de Weibel et al.⁵⁸. As conclusões foram: a) houve aumento do volume celular e diminuição da relação núcleo-citoplasmática, particularmente entre as duas primeiras idades; b) os volumes relativos do RER e SER variam inversamente, entre si: o RER aumenta antes da eclosão, decrescendo, após, progressivamente; as variações do volume relativo dos corpos densos são semelhantes àquelas do RER e as mitocôndrias mostram relativamente, pequenas variações, no que concerne ao mesmo parâmetro; c) o volume relativo do hialoplasma no interior dos corpos de Nissl diminui, enquanto o situado no interior, aumenta; d) a relação superfície/volume decresce muito para todas as organelas, do 10º para o 18º dia de incubação; após a eclosão foi observada tendência à elevação; e) a relação superfície de membrana volume citoplasmático cai para todas as organelas, do 10º para o 18º dia de incubação; após a eclosão, esta relação diminui levemente para mitocôndrias e complexo de Golgi, fortemente para o SER, caindo, também, para corpos densos. Os valores do RER alternam-se, regularmente.

Full text available only in PDF format.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

This study was carried out with aid of grants from the CNPq (Brasil). (Processo 2222.1694/78).

Departamento de Anatomia - ICB - Bloco 30 - Universidade de São Paulo - Caixa Postal 4365 - 01000 São Paulo, SP - Brasil.

1. ANDRES, K. H. - Untersuchungen ueber den Feinbau von Spinalganglien. Z. Zellforsch. 55:1, 1961.
2. BACH, G. - Ueber die Bestimmung von charakeristischen Grupen einer Kugelverteilung aus der Verteilung der Schnittkreise. Z. Wiss. Mikroskok. mikrosk. Tech. 65:285, 1963.
3. BARONDES, S. H. - Axoplasmic transport: a report of an NRP work session. Neurosc. Res. Prog. Bull. 5:307, 1967.
4. BEAVER, D. L.; MOSES, H. L. & GANOTE, C. E. - Electron microscopy of the trigeminal ganglion. II. Autopsy study of human ganglia. Arch. Pathol. 79:557, 1965.
5. BENNETT, G.; LEBL.OND, C. P. & HADDAD, A. - Migration og glycoprotein from the Golgi apparatus to the surface of various cell types as shown by radio-autoghaphic after labeled fucose injection into rats. J. cell. Biol. 60:258, 1974.
6. BENNETT, G.; DI GIAMBERARDINO, L.; KOENIG, H. L. & DROZ, B. - Axonal migration of protein and glycoprotein to nerve endings. II. Radioautographic analysis of the renewal of glycoproteins in nerve endings of chicken ciliary ganglion after intracerebral injection of (3H) fucosa and (3H) glucosamine. Brain Res. 60:129, 1973.
7. BUNGE, M. B.; BUNGE, R. P.; PETERSON, E. R. & MURRAY, M. R. - A light and electron microscope study of long-term organized cultures of rat dorsal root ganglia. J. cell. Biol. 32:439, 1967.
8. BYERS, M. R. - Structural correlates of rapid axonal transport: evidence that microtubules may not be directly involved. Brain Res. 75:97, 1974.
9. CUÉNOD, M.; BOESCH, J.; MARKO, P.; PERISIC, M.; SANDRI, C. & SCHONBACH. J. - Contributions of axoplasmic transport to synaptic structures and functions. Int. J. Neurosci. 4:77, 1972.
10. DAWSON, F. M.; HOSSACK, J. & WYBURN, G. M. - Observations on the Nissl's substance, cytoplasmic filaments and the nuclear membrane of spinal ganglion cells. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. (Biol) 144:132, 1955.
11. DE CASTRO, F. - Sensory ganglia of the cranial and spinal nerves. Normal and pathological. In Penfield, W. (ed.) - Cytology and Cellular Pathology of the Nervous System. Vol. 1. Hoeber, New York, 1932.
12. DONALDSON, H. H. & NAGASAKA, G. - On the increase in the diameters of nerve cell bodies and of the fibers arising from them during the later phases of growth (albino rat). J. comp. Neurol. 29:529, 1918.
13. DROZ, B.; KOENNIG, H. L.; DI GIAMBERARDINO, L.; COURAUD, J. Y.; CHRETIEN, M. & SOUYRI, F. - The importance of axonal transport and endoplasmic reticulum in the function of cholinergic synapse in normal and pathological condition. Prog. Brain Res. 49:23, 1979.
14. DROZ, B.; RAMBOURG, A. & KOENIG, H. L. - The smooth endoplasmic reticulum: structure and role in the renewal of axonal membrane and synaptic vesicles by fast axonal transport. Brain Res. 93:1, 1975.
15. DROZ, B.; KOENIG, H. L. & RAMBOURG, A. - Transport intracytoplasmique de macromolécules et réticulum endoplasmique lisse: cas du flux axonal rapide. J. Microsc. 20:45, 1974.
16. DROZ, B.; KOENIG, H. L. & DI GIAMBERARDINO, L. - Axonal migration of protein and glycoproteins to nerve endings. I Radioautographic analysis of the renewal of proteins in nerve endings of chick ciliary ganglion after intracerebral inject4ion of (H3) lysine. Brain Res. 60:93, 1973.
17. DROZ, B. - Renewal of synaptic proteins. Brain Res. 62:383, 1973.
18. DROZ, B. & KOENIG, H. L. - Localization of protein metabolism in neuron. In Lajtha A. (ed.) - Protein Metabolism of the Nervous System. Plenum Press, New York, 1970.
19. FUJITA, H. & FUJITA, S. - Electron microscopic studies on neuroblast differentiation in the central nervous system of domestic fowl. Z. Zellforsch. 60:463, 1963.
20. GIACOBINI, G.; MARCHISIO, P. C; GIACOBINI, E. & KOSLOW, S. H. - Developmental changes of cholinesterases and monoamine oxidase in chick embryo spinal and sympathetic ganglia. J. Neurochem. 17:1177, 1970.
21. GLEES, P. & GOPINATH, G. - Age changes in the centrally and peripherally located sensory neurons in rat. Z. Zellforsch. 141:285, 1973.
22. HAMBURCER, V. & LEVI-MONTALCINI, R. - Proliferation, differentiation and degeneration in the spinal ganglia of the chick embryo under normal and experimental conditions. J. exp. Zool. 111:457, 1949.
23. HATAI, S. - A study of the diameters of the cells and nuclei in the second cervical spinal ganglion of the adult albino rat. J. comp. Neurol. 17:469, 1907.
24. HESS, A. - The fine structure of nerve cells and fibers neuroglia and sheaths of the ganglion chain in the cockroach (Periplaneta americana). J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 4:731, 1958.
25. HOLTZMAN, E.; TEICHBERG, S.; ABRAHMS, S. J.; CITKOWITZ, E.; CRAIN, S. M.; KAWAI, N. & PETERSON, E. R. - Notes on synaptic vesicles and related structures, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes and peroxisomes in nervous tissue and adrenal medulla. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 21:349, 1973.
26. HUGHES, A. F. & CARR, V. Mc M. - The interaction of periphery and center in the development of dorsal root ganglia. In Jacobson M. - Handbook of Sensory Physiology: Development of Sensory Systems. Vol. IX. Springer, New York, 1978.
27. HUGHES, A. F. - The growth of embryonic neurites. A study on cultures of chick neural tissues. J. Anat. 87:150, 1953.
28. JOHNSTON, M. C. - A radioautographic study of the migration and rate of cranial neural crest cells in the chick embryo. Anat. Rec. 156:143, 1966.
29. KOENIG, H. L.; DI GIAMBERARDINO, L. & BENNETT, G. - Renewal of proteins and glycoproteins of synaptic constituents by means of axonal transport. Brain Res. 62:413, 1973.
30. LEVI, G. - I gangli cerebrospinale. Studi di istologia comparata e di istogenesi. Arch ital. Anat. Embriol 7: (supplemento) 1, 1908.
31. LEVI, G. - Studi sulla grandezza delle cellule: Ricerche comparative sulla grandezza delle cellule dei mammiferi. Arch. ital. Anat. Embriol. 5:291, 1906.
32. LIEBERMAN, A. R. - The axon reaction: a review of the principle features of perikaryal responses to axon injury. In Pfeiffer C. C. and Smythies J. R. - International Review of Neurobiology. Vol 14. Academic Press, London, 1971.
33. MARKOV, D.; RAMBOURG, A. & DROZ, B. - Smooth endoplasmic reticulum and fast axonal transport of glycoproteins, an electron microscope radioautographic study of thick sections after heavy metals impregnation. J. Microsc. Biol. Cell. 25:57, 1976.
34. McKINNISS, M. E. - The number of ganglion cells in the dorsal root ganglia of the second and third cervical nerves in human fetuses of various ages. Anat. Rec. 65:255, 1936.
35. MOSES, H. L.; BEAVER, D. L. & GANOTE, C. E. - Electron microscopy of the trigeminal ganglion: comparative ultrastructure. Arch. Pathol, 79:541, 1965.
36. NAKAI, J. - Dissociated dorsal root ganglia in tissue culture. Amer. J. Anat. 99:81, 1956.
37. NAUTA, H. J. W.; KAISERMAN - ABRAMOF, I. R. & LASEK, R. J. - Electron microscopic observations of horseradish peroxidase transported from the caudoputamen to the substantia nigra in the rat: possible involvement of the agranular reticulum. Brain Res. 85:373, 1975.
38. NOVIKOFF, P. M.; NOVIKOFF, A. B.; QUINTANA, N. & HAUW, J. J. - Golgi apparat: s, GERL and lysosomes of neurons in rat dorsal root ganglion, studies by thick section and thin section cytochemistry. J. cell. Biol. 50:859, 1971.
39. OHTA, M.; OFFORD, K. & DYCK, P. J. - Morphometric evaluation of first sacral ganglia of man. J. neurol. Sci. 22:73, 1974.
40. OLIVO, O. M.; PORTA, E. & BARBERIS, L. - Modalità di accrescimento delle cellule e degli organi. IV. Modalità di accrescimento delle cellule dei gangli spinali nel polio durante la vita embrionale e postnatale. Arch. ital. Anat. Embriol. 30:34, 1932.
41. OSINCHAK, J. - Electron microscopic localization of acid phosphatase and thyamine pyrophosphatase activity in hypothalamic neurosecretory cells of the rat. J. cell. Biol. 21:35, 1964.
42. PALAY, S. L. & PALADE, G. E. - The fine structure of neurons. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 1:69, 1955.
43. PANNESE, E. - The histogenesis of the spinal ganglia. Adv. Anat. Embryol. cell. Biol. 47:6, 1974.
44. PANNESE, E.; LUCIANO, L.; IURATO, S. & REALE, E. - The localization of acetyl cholinesterase activity in the spinal ganglia of the adult fowl studied by electron microscope histochemistry. Histochemistry 39:1, 1974.
45. PANNESE, E.; LUCIANO, L.; IURATO, S. & REALE, E. - Cholinesterase activity in spinal ganglia neuroblasts: a histochemical study at the electron microscope. J. ultrastruct. Res. 36:46, 1971.
46. PANNESE, E. - Developmental changes of the endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes in nerve cells of the spinal ganglia of the domestic fowl. J. comp. Neurol. 132:331, 1968.
47. PANNESE, E. - Expansive growth of the nuclear envelope and formation of mitochondria in ganglionic neuroblast. Z. Zellforsch. 72:295, 1966.
48. PETERS, A.; PALAY, S. L. & WEBSTER, H. de F. - The Fine Structure of the Nervous System: the Neurons and Supporting Cells. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1976.
49. POMERAT, C. M.; HANDELMAN, W. J.; RAIBORN, C. W. & MASSEY, J. F. - Dynamic activities of nervous tissue in vitro. In Hydén, H. - The Neuron. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1967.
50. ROSENBLUTH - Subsurface cisterns and their relationship to the neuronal plasma membrane. J. cell. Biol. 13:405, 1962.
51. ROSENBLUTH, J. - The fine structure of acoustic ganglia in the rat. J. cell. Biol. 12:329, 1962.
52. SAMORAJSKI, T.; ORDY, J. M. & RADY-REIMER, P. - Lipofucsin pigement accumulation in the nervous system of ageing mice. Anat. Rec. 160:555, 1968.
53. SCHONBACH, J.; SCHONBACH, C. & GUÉNOD, M. - Rapid phase of axoplasmic flow and synaptic proteins: an electron microscopical autoradiographic study. J. comp. Neurol. 141:485, 1971.
54. SOTELO, C. & RICHE, D. - The smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the retrograde and fast orthograde transport - of horseradish peroxidase in the nigrostriato-nigral loop. Anat. Embryol. 146:209, 1974.
55. SOTELO, C. & PALAY, S. L. - Altered axons and axon terminals in the lateral vestibular nucleus of the rat: possible example of axonal remodelling. Lab. Invest. 25:653, 1971.
56. TAXI, J. & SCTELO, C. - Cytological aspects of the axonal migration of catecholamines and of storage material. Brain Res. 62:431, 1973.
57. TENNYSON, V. M. - Electron microscopic study of the developing neuroblast of the dorsal root ganglion of the rabbit embryo. J. comp. Neurol. 124:267, 1965.
58. WEIBEL, E. R.; KISTLER, G. S. & SCHERLE, W. F. - Practical stereological methods for morphometric cytology. J. cell. Biol. 30:23, 1966.
59. WESTON, J. A. - The migration and differentiation of neural crest cells. Adv. Morphol. 8:41, 1970.
60. WESTON, J. A. & BUTLER, S. L. - Temporal factors affecting localization of neural cells in chicken embryo. Dev. Biol. 14:246, 1966.
61. WESTON, J. A. - A radioautographic analysis of the migration and localization of trunk neural crest cells in the chick. Dev. Biol. 6:279, 1963.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
14 Aug 2012
Date of issue
Sept 1983

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. ANDRES, K. H. - Untersuchungen ueber den Feinbau von Spinalganglien. Z. Zellforsch. 55:1, 1961.

[2] 2. BACH, G. - Ueber die Bestimmung von charakeristischen Grupen einer Kugelverteilung aus der Verteilung der Schnittkreise. Z. Wiss. Mikroskok. mikrosk. Tech. 65:285, 1963.

[3] 3. BARONDES, S. H. - Axoplasmic transport: a report of an NRP work session. Neurosc. Res. Prog. Bull. 5:307, 1967.

[4] 4. BEAVER, D. L.; MOSES, H. L. & GANOTE, C. E. - Electron microscopy of the trigeminal ganglion. II. Autopsy study of human ganglia. Arch. Pathol. 79:557, 1965.

[5] 5. BENNETT, G.; LEBL.OND, C. P. & HADDAD, A. - Migration og glycoprotein from the Golgi apparatus to the surface of various cell types as shown by radio-autoghaphic after labeled fucose injection into rats. J. cell. Biol. 60:258, 1974.

[6] 6. BENNETT, G.; DI GIAMBERARDINO, L.; KOENIG, H. L. & DROZ, B. - Axonal migration of protein and glycoprotein to nerve endings. II. Radioautographic analysis of the renewal of glycoproteins in nerve endings of chicken ciliary ganglion after intracerebral injection of (3H) fucosa and (3H) glucosamine. Brain Res. 60:129, 1973.

[7] 7. BUNGE, M. B.; BUNGE, R. P.; PETERSON, E. R. & MURRAY, M. R. - A light and electron microscope study of long-term organized cultures of rat dorsal root ganglia. J. cell. Biol. 32:439, 1967.

[8] 8. BYERS, M. R. - Structural correlates of rapid axonal transport: evidence that microtubules may not be directly involved. Brain Res. 75:97, 1974.

[9] 9. CUÉNOD, M.; BOESCH, J.; MARKO, P.; PERISIC, M.; SANDRI, C. & SCHONBACH. J. - Contributions of axoplasmic transport to synaptic structures and functions. Int. J. Neurosci. 4:77, 1972.

[10] 10. DAWSON, F. M.; HOSSACK, J. & WYBURN, G. M. - Observations on the Nissl's substance, cytoplasmic filaments and the nuclear membrane of spinal ganglion cells. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. (Biol) 144:132, 1955.

[11] 11. DE CASTRO, F. - Sensory ganglia of the cranial and spinal nerves. Normal and pathological. In Penfield, W. (ed.) - Cytology and Cellular Pathology of the Nervous System. Vol. 1. Hoeber, New York, 1932.

[12] 12. DONALDSON, H. H. & NAGASAKA, G. - On the increase in the diameters of nerve cell bodies and of the fibers arising from them during the later phases of growth (albino rat). J. comp. Neurol. 29:529, 1918.

[13] 13. DROZ, B.; KOENNIG, H. L.; DI GIAMBERARDINO, L.; COURAUD, J. Y.; CHRETIEN, M. & SOUYRI, F. - The importance of axonal transport and endoplasmic reticulum in the function of cholinergic synapse in normal and pathological condition. Prog. Brain Res. 49:23, 1979.

[14] 14. DROZ, B.; RAMBOURG, A. & KOENIG, H. L. - The smooth endoplasmic reticulum: structure and role in the renewal of axonal membrane and synaptic vesicles by fast axonal transport. Brain Res. 93:1, 1975.

[15] 15. DROZ, B.; KOENIG, H. L. & RAMBOURG, A. - Transport intracytoplasmique de macromolécules et réticulum endoplasmique lisse: cas du flux axonal rapide. J. Microsc. 20:45, 1974.

[16] 16. DROZ, B.; KOENIG, H. L. & DI GIAMBERARDINO, L. - Axonal migration of protein and glycoproteins to nerve endings. I Radioautographic analysis of the renewal of proteins in nerve endings of chick ciliary ganglion after intracerebral inject4ion of (H3) lysine. Brain Res. 60:93, 1973.

[17] 17. DROZ, B. - Renewal of synaptic proteins. Brain Res. 62:383, 1973.

[18] 18. DROZ, B. & KOENIG, H. L. - Localization of protein metabolism in neuron. In Lajtha A. (ed.) - Protein Metabolism of the Nervous System. Plenum Press, New York, 1970.

[19] 19. FUJITA, H. & FUJITA, S. - Electron microscopic studies on neuroblast differentiation in the central nervous system of domestic fowl. Z. Zellforsch. 60:463, 1963.

[20] 20. GIACOBINI, G.; MARCHISIO, P. C; GIACOBINI, E. & KOSLOW, S. H. - Developmental changes of cholinesterases and monoamine oxidase in chick embryo spinal and sympathetic ganglia. J. Neurochem. 17:1177, 1970.

[21] 21. GLEES, P. & GOPINATH, G. - Age changes in the centrally and peripherally located sensory neurons in rat. Z. Zellforsch. 141:285, 1973.

[22] 22. HAMBURCER, V. & LEVI-MONTALCINI, R. - Proliferation, differentiation and degeneration in the spinal ganglia of the chick embryo under normal and experimental conditions. J. exp. Zool. 111:457, 1949.

[23] 23. HATAI, S. - A study of the diameters of the cells and nuclei in the second cervical spinal ganglion of the adult albino rat. J. comp. Neurol. 17:469, 1907.

[24] 24. HESS, A. - The fine structure of nerve cells and fibers neuroglia and sheaths of the ganglion chain in the cockroach (Periplaneta americana). J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 4:731, 1958.

[25] 25. HOLTZMAN, E.; TEICHBERG, S.; ABRAHMS, S. J.; CITKOWITZ, E.; CRAIN, S. M.; KAWAI, N. & PETERSON, E. R. - Notes on synaptic vesicles and related structures, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes and peroxisomes in nervous tissue and adrenal medulla. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 21:349, 1973.

[26] 26. HUGHES, A. F. & CARR, V. Mc M. - The interaction of periphery and center in the development of dorsal root ganglia. In Jacobson M. - Handbook of Sensory Physiology: Development of Sensory Systems. Vol. IX. Springer, New York, 1978.

[27] 27. HUGHES, A. F. - The growth of embryonic neurites. A study on cultures of chick neural tissues. J. Anat. 87:150, 1953.

[28] 28. JOHNSTON, M. C. - A radioautographic study of the migration and rate of cranial neural crest cells in the chick embryo. Anat. Rec. 156:143, 1966.

[29] 29. KOENIG, H. L.; DI GIAMBERARDINO, L. & BENNETT, G. - Renewal of proteins and glycoproteins of synaptic constituents by means of axonal transport. Brain Res. 62:413, 1973.

[30] 30. LEVI, G. - I gangli cerebrospinale. Studi di istologia comparata e di istogenesi. Arch ital. Anat. Embriol 7: (supplemento) 1, 1908.

[31] 31. LEVI, G. - Studi sulla grandezza delle cellule: Ricerche comparative sulla grandezza delle cellule dei mammiferi. Arch. ital. Anat. Embriol. 5:291, 1906.

[32] 32. LIEBERMAN, A. R. - The axon reaction: a review of the principle features of perikaryal responses to axon injury. In Pfeiffer C. C. and Smythies J. R. - International Review of Neurobiology. Vol 14. Academic Press, London, 1971.

[33] 33. MARKOV, D.; RAMBOURG, A. & DROZ, B. - Smooth endoplasmic reticulum and fast axonal transport of glycoproteins, an electron microscope radioautographic study of thick sections after heavy metals impregnation. J. Microsc. Biol. Cell. 25:57, 1976.

[34] 34. McKINNISS, M. E. - The number of ganglion cells in the dorsal root ganglia of the second and third cervical nerves in human fetuses of various ages. Anat. Rec. 65:255, 1936.

[35] 35. MOSES, H. L.; BEAVER, D. L. & GANOTE, C. E. - Electron microscopy of the trigeminal ganglion: comparative ultrastructure. Arch. Pathol, 79:541, 1965.

[36] 36. NAKAI, J. - Dissociated dorsal root ganglia in tissue culture. Amer. J. Anat. 99:81, 1956.

[37] 37. NAUTA, H. J. W.; KAISERMAN - ABRAMOF, I. R. & LASEK, R. J. - Electron microscopic observations of horseradish peroxidase transported from the caudoputamen to the substantia nigra in the rat: possible involvement of the agranular reticulum. Brain Res. 85:373, 1975.

[38] 38. NOVIKOFF, P. M.; NOVIKOFF, A. B.; QUINTANA, N. & HAUW, J. J. - Golgi apparat: s, GERL and lysosomes of neurons in rat dorsal root ganglion, studies by thick section and thin section cytochemistry. J. cell. Biol. 50:859, 1971.

[39] 39. OHTA, M.; OFFORD, K. & DYCK, P. J. - Morphometric evaluation of first sacral ganglia of man. J. neurol. Sci. 22:73, 1974.

[40] 40. OLIVO, O. M.; PORTA, E. & BARBERIS, L. - Modalità di accrescimento delle cellule e degli organi. IV. Modalità di accrescimento delle cellule dei gangli spinali nel polio durante la vita embrionale e postnatale. Arch. ital. Anat. Embriol. 30:34, 1932.

[41] 41. OSINCHAK, J. - Electron microscopic localization of acid phosphatase and thyamine pyrophosphatase activity in hypothalamic neurosecretory cells of the rat. J. cell. Biol. 21:35, 1964.

[42] 42. PALAY, S. L. & PALADE, G. E. - The fine structure of neurons. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 1:69, 1955.

[43] 43. PANNESE, E. - The histogenesis of the spinal ganglia. Adv. Anat. Embryol. cell. Biol. 47:6, 1974.

[44] 44. PANNESE, E.; LUCIANO, L.; IURATO, S. & REALE, E. - The localization of acetyl cholinesterase activity in the spinal ganglia of the adult fowl studied by electron microscope histochemistry. Histochemistry 39:1, 1974.

[45] 45. PANNESE, E.; LUCIANO, L.; IURATO, S. & REALE, E. - Cholinesterase activity in spinal ganglia neuroblasts: a histochemical study at the electron microscope. J. ultrastruct. Res. 36:46, 1971.

[46] 46. PANNESE, E. - Developmental changes of the endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes in nerve cells of the spinal ganglia of the domestic fowl. J. comp. Neurol. 132:331, 1968.

[47] 47. PANNESE, E. - Expansive growth of the nuclear envelope and formation of mitochondria in ganglionic neuroblast. Z. Zellforsch. 72:295, 1966.

[48] 48. PETERS, A.; PALAY, S. L. & WEBSTER, H. de F. - The Fine Structure of the Nervous System: the Neurons and Supporting Cells. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1976.

[49] 49. POMERAT, C. M.; HANDELMAN, W. J.; RAIBORN, C. W. & MASSEY, J. F. - Dynamic activities of nervous tissue in vitro. In Hydén, H. - The Neuron. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1967.

[50] 50. ROSENBLUTH - Subsurface cisterns and their relationship to the neuronal plasma membrane. J. cell. Biol. 13:405, 1962.

[51] 51. ROSENBLUTH, J. - The fine structure of acoustic ganglia in the rat. J. cell. Biol. 12:329, 1962.

[52] 52. SAMORAJSKI, T.; ORDY, J. M. & RADY-REIMER, P. - Lipofucsin pigement accumulation in the nervous system of ageing mice. Anat. Rec. 160:555, 1968.

[53] 53. SCHONBACH, J.; SCHONBACH, C. & GUÉNOD, M. - Rapid phase of axoplasmic flow and synaptic proteins: an electron microscopical autoradiographic study. J. comp. Neurol. 141:485, 1971.

[54] 54. SOTELO, C. & RICHE, D. - The smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the retrograde and fast orthograde transport - of horseradish peroxidase in the nigrostriato-nigral loop. Anat. Embryol. 146:209, 1974.

[55] 55. SOTELO, C. & PALAY, S. L. - Altered axons and axon terminals in the lateral vestibular nucleus of the rat: possible example of axonal remodelling. Lab. Invest. 25:653, 1971.

[56] 56. TAXI, J. & SCTELO, C. - Cytological aspects of the axonal migration of catecholamines and of storage material. Brain Res. 62:431, 1973.

[57] 57. TENNYSON, V. M. - Electron microscopic study of the developing neuroblast of the dorsal root ganglion of the rabbit embryo. J. comp. Neurol. 124:267, 1965.

[58] 58. WEIBEL, E. R.; KISTLER, G. S. & SCHERLE, W. F. - Practical stereological methods for morphometric cytology. J. cell. Biol. 30:23, 1966.

[59] 59. WESTON, J. A. - The migration and differentiation of neural crest cells. Adv. Morphol. 8:41, 1970.

[60] 60. WESTON, J. A. & BUTLER, S. L. - Temporal factors affecting localization of neural cells in chicken embryo. Dev. Biol. 14:246, 1966.

[61] 61. WESTON, J. A. - A radioautographic analysis of the migration and localization of trunk neural crest cells in the chick. Dev. Biol. 6:279, 1963.

Brasil

Brasil

Morphometry study on pre and post-hatching nerve cell bodies of lumbar spinal ganglia of Gallus domesticus

Estudo morfométrico sobre corpos de células nervosas de gânglios espinais lombares de Gallus domesticus antes e depois da eclosão

Abstracts

Publication Dates