Benzodiazepínicos padrões de uso, tolerância e dependência

Bernik, Márcio Antonini; Soares, Márcia B. de Macedo; Soares, Cláudio de Novaes

doi:10.1590/S0004-282X1990000100020

Resumos

Os autores procuram abordar, através de revisão da literatura recente, os principais aspectos a respeito dos benzodiazepínicos (BDZ), uma das drogas largamente utilizadas em todo o mundo como ansiolíticos e hipnóticos. Para isso, sáo apresentados: breve histórico sobre o surgimento das drogas hipnótico-sedativas e ansiolíticas, e como evoluiu seu consumo (e abuso) ao longo dos últimos anos; os principais conceitos aceitos a respeito dos mecanismos de ação dos BDZ; o desenvolvimento de tolerância aos efeitos dos RDZ, abordando inclusive sua tolerância diferencial; por fim, alguns aspectos sobre a sfndrome de abstinência que se segue à retirada abrupta dos BDZ, enfocando a questão da dependência.

The authors review recent studies on benzodiazepine, the most largely used drug for insomnia and anxiety. In this paper are summarized: the development, patterns of use and abuse, mechanism of action, development of differential tolerance to its many effects, and the phenomena of withdrawal and dependence on the benzodiazepines.

Márcio Antonini Bernik^I; Márcia B. de Macedo Soares^II; Cláudio de Novaes Soares^II

^IMédico Assistente HC, FMUSP - Trabalho realizado no Ambulatório de Ansiedade do Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clinicas (HC) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP)

^IIAcadêmico, FMUSP - Trabalho realizado no Ambulatório de Ansiedade do Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clinicas (HC) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP)

RESUMO

Os autores procuram abordar, através de revisão da literatura recente, os principais aspectos a respeito dos benzodiazepínicos (BDZ), uma das drogas largamente utilizadas em todo o mundo como ansiolíticos e hipnóticos. Para isso, sáo apresentados: breve histórico sobre o surgimento das drogas hipnótico-sedativas e ansiolíticas, e como evoluiu seu consumo (e abuso) ao longo dos últimos anos; os principais conceitos aceitos a respeito dos mecanismos de ação dos BDZ; o desenvolvimento de tolerância aos efeitos dos RDZ, abordando inclusive sua tolerância diferencial; por fim, alguns aspectos sobre a sfndrome de abstinência que se segue à retirada abrupta dos BDZ, enfocando a questão da dependência.

SUMMARY

The authors review recent studies on benzodiazepine, the most largely used drug for insomnia and anxiety. In this paper are summarized: the development, patterns of use and abuse, mechanism of action, development of differential tolerance to its many effects, and the phenomena of withdrawal and dependence on the benzodiazepines.

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Full text available only in PDF format.

Dr. Márcio A. Bemik - Ambulatório de Ansiedade, Instituto de Psiquiatria - Hospital das Clínicas, FMUSP - Caixa Postal 8091 - 01051 São Paulo SP - Brasil

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