Night sleep electroencephalogram power spectral analysis in excessive daytime sleepiness disorders

Reimão, Rubens

doi:10.1590/S0004-282X1991000200002

Abstracts

A group of 53 patients (40 míales, 13 females) with mean age of 49 years, ranging from 30 to 70 years, was evaluated in the. following excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) disorders : obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (B4a), periodic movements in sleep (B5a), affective disorder (B2a), functional psychiatric non affective disorder (B2b). We considered all adult patients referred to the Center sequentially with no other distinctions but these three criteria: (a) EDS was the main complaint; (b) right handed ; (c) not using psychotropic drugs for two weeks prior to the all-night polysomnography. EEG (C3/A1, C4/A2) samples from 2 to 10 minutes of each stage of the first REM cycle were chosen. The data was recorded simultaneously in magnetic tape and then fed into a computer for power spectral analysis. The percentage of power (PP) in each band calculated in relation to the total EEG power was determined of subsequent sections of 20.4 s for the following frequency bands: delta, theta, alpha and beta. The PP in all EOS patients sample had a tendency to decrease progressively from the slowest to the fastest frequency bands, in every sleep stage. PP distribution in the delta range increased progressively from stage 1 to stage 4; stage REM levels were close to stage 2 levels. In an EDS patients interhemispheric coherence was high in every band and sleep stage. B4a patients sample PP had a tendency to decrease progressively from the slowest to the fastest frequency bands, in¡ every sleep stage; PP distribution in the delta range increased progressively from stage 1 to stage 4; stage REM levels were between stage 1 and stage 2 levels. B2a patients sample PP had a tendency to decrease progressively from the slowest to the fastest frequency bands, in every sleep stage; PP distribution in the delta range increased progressively from stage 1 to stage 4; stage REM levels were close to stage 2 levels. B2b patients sample PP had a tendency to decrease progressively from the slowest to the fastest frequency bands, in every sleep stage; PP distribution in the delta range increased progressively from stage 1 to stage 3; stage 4 levels were close to stage 3 levels; stage REM levels were close to stage 2. B5a patients sample PP had a tendency to decrease progressively from the slowest to the fastest frequency bands, in every sleep stage; PP distribution in the delta range increased progressively from stage 1 to stage 3; stage REM levels were close to stage 2 levels, Interhemispheric coherences of B4a, B2b, and B5a groups were high in, every band and sleep stage. B4a, B2a, B2b, and B5a power spectral analysis comparison showed higher PP in B2b stage 1 alpha band, as well as, higher PP in B5a stage 2 theta band. The B4a versus. B2a power spectral analysis comparison showed higher PP in B4a stages 1 and REM alpha bands, as well as higher PP in B2a stage REM delta band.

Foram avaliados 53 pacientes (média de idade - 49,0 anos; variação de 30-70 anos) com o objetivo de analisar o espectro de potencia do EEG durante o sono nos seguintes distúrbios que provocam sonolência excessiva diurna: síndrome de apnéia do sono tipo obstrutivo, movimentos periódicos do sono, distúrbios afetivos, distúrbios psiquiátricos funcionais não afetivos. Os dados obtidos indicam primeiramente que os diversos estágios do sono podem ser distinguidos quantitativamente entre os pacientes com sonolência excessiva diurna. Evidenciam, em segundo lugar, que os grupos diagnósticos têm padrões próprios de distribuição do espectro de potência. Em terceiro, mostram a ausência de assimetrias mantidas.

CONTENTS CONTEÚDO

Rubens Reimão

Sleep Disorders Center, Baptist Memorial Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. This research was partially supported by Coordenadoria de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES).

SUMMARY

A group of 53 patients (40 míales, 13 females) with mean age of 49 years, ranging from 30 to 70 years, was evaluated in the. following excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) disorders : obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (B4a), periodic movements in sleep (B5a), affective disorder (B2a), functional psychiatric non affective disorder (B2b). We considered all adult patients referred to the Center sequentially with no other distinctions but these three criteria: (a) EDS was the main complaint; (b) right handed ; (c) not using psychotropic drugs for two weeks prior to the all-night polysomnography. EEG (C3/A1, C4/A2) samples from 2 to 10 minutes of each stage of the first REM cycle were chosen. The data was recorded simultaneously in magnetic tape and then fed into a computer for power spectral analysis. The percentage of power (PP) in each band calculated in relation to the total EEG power was determined of subsequent sections of 20.4 s for the following frequency bands: delta, theta, alpha and beta. The PP in all EOS patients sample had a tendency to decrease progressively from the slowest to the fastest frequency bands, in every sleep stage. PP distribution in the delta range increased progressively from stage 1 to stage 4; stage REM levels were close to stage 2 levels. In an EDS patients interhemispheric coherence was high in every band and sleep stage. B4a patients sample PP had a tendency to decrease progressively from the slowest to the fastest frequency bands, in¡ every sleep stage; PP distribution in the delta range increased progressively from stage 1 to stage 4; stage REM levels were between stage 1 and stage 2 levels. B2a patients sample PP had a tendency to decrease progressively from the slowest to the fastest frequency bands, in every sleep stage; PP distribution in the delta range increased progressively from stage 1 to stage 4; stage REM levels were close to stage 2 levels. B2b patients sample PP had a tendency to decrease progressively from the slowest to the fastest frequency bands, in every sleep stage; PP distribution in the delta range increased progressively from stage 1 to stage 3; stage 4 levels were close to stage 3 levels; stage REM levels were close to stage 2. B5a patients sample PP had a tendency to decrease progressively from the slowest to the fastest frequency bands, in every sleep stage; PP distribution in the delta range increased progressively from stage 1 to stage 3; stage REM levels were close to stage 2 levels, Interhemispheric coherences of B4a, B2b, and B5a groups were high in, every band and sleep stage. B4a, B2a, B2b, and B5a power spectral analysis comparison showed higher PP in B2b stage 1 alpha band, as well as, higher PP in B5a stage 2 theta band. The B4a versus. B2a power spectral analysis comparison showed higher PP in B4a stages 1 and REM alpha bands, as well as higher PP in B2a stage REM delta band.

RESUMO

Foram avaliados 53 pacientes (média de idade - 49,0 anos; variação de 30-70 anos) com o objetivo de analisar o espectro de potencia do EEG durante o sono nos seguintes distúrbios que provocam sonolência excessiva diurna: síndrome de apnéia do sono tipo obstrutivo, movimentos periódicos do sono, distúrbios afetivos, distúrbios psiquiátricos funcionais não afetivos. Os dados obtidos indicam primeiramente que os diversos estágios do sono podem ser distinguidos quantitativamente entre os pacientes com sonolência excessiva diurna. Evidenciam, em segundo lugar, que os grupos diagnósticos têm padrões próprios de distribuição do espectro de potência. Em terceiro, mostram a ausência de assimetrias mantidas.

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Acknowledgements - Our gratitute to Helio Lemmi, M.D., Director of the Baptist Memorial Hospital Sleep Disorders Center for his advice and support. We thank also Aron Diament, M.D., Roger Vander Zwaag, Ph.D., Hagop Akiskal, M.D., Aldo Bevilacqua, M.D., Joseph Belluomini, Ronald Cowan and Sharon Burt for invaluable help, statistical, and technical assistance.

Dr. Rubens Reimão - Divisão de Neurologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - Caixa Postal 8091 - 01060 São Paulo SP - Brasil

1. Association of Sleep Disorders Centers. Classification of sleep and arousal disorders. Sleep 1979, 2:1.
2. Coleman RM. Diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of about 8,000 sleep/wake disorder patients. In Guilleminault C, Lugaresi E (eds) : Sleep/Wake Disorders: Natural History, Epidemiology, and Long-term Evolution. New York. Raven Press 1983, p 87-98.
3. Dumermuth G, Gasser T, Lange B. Aspects of EEG analysis in the frequency domain. In Dolce G, Kunkel H (eds) : Computerized EEG Analysis. Stuttgart: Gustav Fisher Verlag, 1975, p 429-457.
4. Dumermuth G, Scollo-Lavizzari G. Spectral analysis of EEG in normal adults. In Koela WP, Levin P (eds) : Sleep - Physiology, Biochemistry, Psychology, Pharmacology, Clinical Implications. Basel : Karger, 1973, p 246-249.
5. Dumermuth G, Waltz W, Scollo-Lavizzari G, Kleiner B. Spectral analysis of EEG activity in different sleep stages in normal adults. Eur Neurol 1972, 7:265.
6. Fein G, Raz J, Brown FF, Merrin EL. Common reference coherence dato, are coun-founded by power and phase effects. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1988, 69:581.
7. Gasser T, Verleger R, Bacher P, Sroka L. Development of the EEG of school-age children and adolescents: I. Analysis of band power. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1988, 69:91.
8. Grass AM, Gibbs FA. A Fourier transform of the electroencephalogram. J Neurophysiol 1938, 1:521.
9. Jasper HH. Report of the committee on methods of clinical examination in electroencephalography. Electroencephalogr Clin Neuropsysiol 1958, 10:371.
10. Knott JR, Gibbs A, Henry CE. Fourier transform of electroencephalogram during sleep. J Exper Psychol 1942, 31:465.
11. Ktonas PY, Osorio PL, Everett RL. Automated detection of EEG artifacts during sleep: preprocessing for all-night spectral analysis. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1979, 46:382.
12. Kuwahara H, Higashi H, Mizuki Y, Matsunari S, Tanaka M, Inanaga K. Automatic realtime analysis of human sleep stages by an interval histogram method. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1988, 70:220.
13. Larsen LE, Walter DO. On automatic methods of sleep staging by EEG spectral power during REM periods. Sleep Res 1981, 10:151.
14. Matousek M. Frequency analysis : processing of output data. In Remond A, (ed) : Handbook of Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. Amsterdam: Elsevier 197), 5A61-5A66.
15. Nicolet Instrument Corporation. Nicolet Med-80 Frequency Analysis Software. Wisconsin: Nicolet, 1975.
16. Rechtschaffen A, Kales A. Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring for Sleep Stages of Human Subjects. Los Angeles: Brain Information Service, University of California, 1968.
17. Salinsky M, Goins S, Sutula T, Roscoe D, Wever S. Comparison of sleep staging by polygraph and color density spectral array. Sleep 1988, 11:131.
18. Schulte FJ, Bell B. Bioelectric brain development. Neuropediatrics 1973, 4:30.
19. Sciaretta G, Erculiani P. A proposal for calibrating EEG spectograms. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1978, 45:674.
20. Tanguay PE, Ornitz EM, Bozzo E, Doubleday C. EEG spectra in children during REM and stage 2 sleep. Sleep Res 1974, 3:81.

Night sleep electroencephalogram power spectral analysis in excessive daytime sleepiness disorders

Análise do espectro de potência do eletroencefalograma durante o sono: estudo de pacientes com sonolência excessiva diurna.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
22 Feb 2011
Date of issue
June 1991

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. Association of Sleep Disorders Centers. Classification of sleep and arousal disorders. Sleep 1979, 2:1.

[2] 2. Coleman RM. Diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of about 8,000 sleep/wake disorder patients. In Guilleminault C, Lugaresi E (eds) : Sleep/Wake Disorders: Natural History, Epidemiology, and Long-term Evolution. New York. Raven Press 1983, p 87-98.

[3] 3. Dumermuth G, Gasser T, Lange B. Aspects of EEG analysis in the frequency domain. In Dolce G, Kunkel H (eds) : Computerized EEG Analysis. Stuttgart: Gustav Fisher Verlag, 1975, p 429-457.

[4] 4. Dumermuth G, Scollo-Lavizzari G. Spectral analysis of EEG in normal adults. In Koela WP, Levin P (eds) : Sleep - Physiology, Biochemistry, Psychology, Pharmacology, Clinical Implications. Basel : Karger, 1973, p 246-249.

[5] 5. Dumermuth G, Waltz W, Scollo-Lavizzari G, Kleiner B. Spectral analysis of EEG activity in different sleep stages in normal adults. Eur Neurol 1972, 7:265.

[6] 6. Fein G, Raz J, Brown FF, Merrin EL. Common reference coherence dato, are coun-founded by power and phase effects. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1988, 69:581.

[7] 7. Gasser T, Verleger R, Bacher P, Sroka L. Development of the EEG of school-age children and adolescents: I. Analysis of band power. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1988, 69:91.

[8] 8. Grass AM, Gibbs FA. A Fourier transform of the electroencephalogram. J Neurophysiol 1938, 1:521.

[9] 9. Jasper HH. Report of the committee on methods of clinical examination in electroencephalography. Electroencephalogr Clin Neuropsysiol 1958, 10:371.

[10] 10. Knott JR, Gibbs A, Henry CE. Fourier transform of electroencephalogram during sleep. J Exper Psychol 1942, 31:465.

[11] 11. Ktonas PY, Osorio PL, Everett RL. Automated detection of EEG artifacts during sleep: preprocessing for all-night spectral analysis. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1979, 46:382.

[12] 12. Kuwahara H, Higashi H, Mizuki Y, Matsunari S, Tanaka M, Inanaga K. Automatic realtime analysis of human sleep stages by an interval histogram method. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1988, 70:220.

[13] 13. Larsen LE, Walter DO. On automatic methods of sleep staging by EEG spectral power during REM periods. Sleep Res 1981, 10:151.

[14] 14. Matousek M. Frequency analysis : processing of output data. In Remond A, (ed) : Handbook of Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. Amsterdam: Elsevier 197), 5A61-5A66.

[15] 15. Nicolet Instrument Corporation. Nicolet Med-80 Frequency Analysis Software. Wisconsin: Nicolet, 1975.

[16] 16. Rechtschaffen A, Kales A. Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring for Sleep Stages of Human Subjects. Los Angeles: Brain Information Service, University of California, 1968.

[17] 17. Salinsky M, Goins S, Sutula T, Roscoe D, Wever S. Comparison of sleep staging by polygraph and color density spectral array. Sleep 1988, 11:131.

[18] 18. Schulte FJ, Bell B. Bioelectric brain development. Neuropediatrics 1973, 4:30.

[19] 19. Sciaretta G, Erculiani P. A proposal for calibrating EEG spectograms. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1978, 45:674.

[20] 20. Tanguay PE, Ornitz EM, Bozzo E, Doubleday C. EEG spectra in children during REM and stage 2 sleep. Sleep Res 1974, 3:81.